曲

See also: 麹, 麯, 典, and 麴

曲 U+66F2, 曲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F2 ← 曱 [U+66F1] CJK Unified Ideographs 曳 → [U+66F3]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

曲 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿田 (TW) or 廿月金 (TBC) or 難廿田 (XTW), four-corner 5560₀, composition ⿻曰⿰丨丨)

Derived characters

• 豊, 農, 𪨰, 麯, 𨀪, 𨀲, 㖆, 浀, 粬, 蛐, 𪜔

See also

• 典, 曹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 502, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14280
• Dae Jaweon: page 873, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1484, character 2
• Unihan data for U+66F2

Chinese

simp. and trad.		曲
alternative forms		𠚖 𡆪 ⿱ 丷 𡆪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曲
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (指事) – a bent object.

Also simplified from 麴 via the variant character 麯／曲.

Etymology 1

used in names of rivers

From Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “river”).

to bend, bent, curved, crooked, wrong

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/ʔ)uk (“bend, crooked, return, back, year”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan འགུགས ('gugs, “to bend”), Burmese ကောက် (kauk, “bent, curved, crooked”) (Hill, 2019). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *gɔk (“be crooked, bent, lame”) (Schuessler, 2007).

mocking; ridiculing

From 曲線／曲线 (qūxiàn).

Pronunciation 1

Variety	Location	edit 曲
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折 /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大～
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～ /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌～
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰy¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰyo³¹/ /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiuk̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/kʰuk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kʰuk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰiɔk̚³²/ /kʰik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰœyʔ²³/ /kʰwoʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰy²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xok̚⁵/ ～調 /xiak̚⁵/

Rime
Character	曲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丘玉切
Baxter	khjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuawk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiok̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	huk1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qū
Middle Chinese	‹ khjowk ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰ(r)ok/
English	to bend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曲
Reading #	1/1
No.	10578
Phonetic component	曲
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	曲
Old Chinese	/*kʰoɡ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qū (qu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kuk¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khiuk

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kiug⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): qyeh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): kṳ̆
• Eastern Min (BUC): ké̤ṳk / kuóh
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khiok / khiak / khek / khak / khiau

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kêg⁴ / kiog⁴

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷chioq; ⁷chiuq / ⁷chioq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qū
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyu
    • Wade–Giles: chʻü¹
    • Yale: chyū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiu
    • Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kuk¹
    • Yale: kūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: kug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰiʊk̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qyeh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰy²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk / kuóh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰøyʔ²⁴/, /kʰuɔʔ²⁴/

Note:

• ké̤ṳk - literary;
• kuóh - vernacular.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiok
    • Tâi-lô: khiok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiog
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiak
    • Tâi-lô: khiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khek
    • Tâi-lô: khik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qeg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak
    • Tâi-lô: khak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qag
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiau
    • Tâi-lô: khiau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiaw
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiau⁴⁴/
Note:
• khiok - literary;
• khiak/khek/khak - vernacular;
• khiau - 蹺 used in the Mainland.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kêg⁴ / kiog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khek / khiok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰek̚²/, /kʰiok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷chioq; ⁷chiuq
    • MiniDict: chioh^入; chiuih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴qioq; ⁴qyq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷chioq
    • MiniDict: chioh^入
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴³/

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: khjowk

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰ(r)ok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoɡ/

Definitions

曲

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 曲姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 曲氏 (Cantonese)
• Khiok (oat-pêng) (Southern Min)

1. not straight; bent
   1. twisting
   2. curved

      曲線／曲线  ―  qūxiàn  ―  curve

   3. crooked
2. wrong; not right
3. (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly Internet slang) mocking; ridiculing; /s
4. a surname
5. Used in names of rivers in Tibet and surrounding regions.

Compounds

• 三回九曲
• 不顧曲直／不顾曲直
• 九曲洞
• 乞留曲律
• 二次曲線／二次曲线
• 二次曲面
• 保留曲線／保留曲线
• 千里一曲
• 卷曲 (quánqū)
• 圓錐曲線／圆锥曲线 (yuánzhuī qūxiàn)
• 土中曲蟮
• 坊曲
• 委曲 (wěiqū)
• 委曲成全
• 委曲求全 (wěiqūqiúquán)
• 學習曲線／学习曲线
• 審曲面勢／审曲面势
• 小廉曲謹／小廉曲谨
• 屈曲 (qūqū)
• 平面曲線／平面曲线
• 龐琴曲線／庞琴曲线
• 弓腰曲背
• 彎彎曲曲／弯弯曲曲
• 彎曲／弯曲 (wānqū)
• 心曲 (xīnqū)
• 感人心曲
• 扭曲 (niǔqū)
• 扭曲作直
• 拗曲作直
• 拳曲 (quánqū)
• 捲曲／卷曲 (juǎnqū)
• 撓直為曲／挠直为曲
• 文曲星
• 是非曲直 (shìfēiqūzhí)
• 曲別針／曲别针 (qūbiézhēn)
• 曲匝
• 曲園／曲园
• 曲士
• 曲媚取容
• 曲學詖行／曲学诐行
• 曲學阿世／曲学阿世 (qūxué'ēshì)
• 曲室
• 曲宴
• 曲射炮
• 曲尺 (qūchǐ)
• 曲局
• 曲庇
• 曲律
• 曲徑／曲径
• 曲徑通幽／曲径通幽
• 曲從／曲从
• 曲心矯肚／曲心矫肚
• 曲意 (qūyì)
• 曲意逢迎 (qūyìféngyíng)
• 曲房
• 曲折 (qūzhé)
• 曲折縈紆／曲折萦纡 (qūzhéyíngyū)
• 曲折離奇／曲折离奇 (qūzhélíqí)
• 曲拗
• 曲撓／曲挠
• 曲曲彎彎／曲曲弯弯
• 曲曲折折
• 曲柄笠
• 曲棍球 (qūgùnqiú)
• 曲欄／曲栏 (qūlán)
• 曲水 (Qūshuǐ)
• 曲水流觴／曲水流觞
• 曲江 (Qūjiāng)
• 曲江宴
• 曲江池
• 曲流
• 曲率 (qūlǜ)
• 曲球
• 曲瓊／曲琼
• 曲盡人情／曲尽人情
• 曲盡其妙／曲尽其妙
• 曲直 (qūzhí)
• 曲直分明
• 曲禮／曲礼
• 曲突徙薪 (qūtūxǐxīn)
• 曲筆／曲笔
• 曲線／曲线
• 曲線板／曲线板
• 曲線美／曲线美 (qūxiànměi)
• 曲肱之樂／曲肱之乐
• 曲肱而枕
• 曲背
• 曲致
• 曲臺／曲台
• 曲蓋／曲盖
• 曲薄
• 曲蟮
• 曲裡拐彎／曲里拐弯
• 曲裡拐彎兒／曲里拐弯儿
• 曲裾 (qūjū)
• 曲解 (qūjiě)
• 曲說／曲说 (qūshuō)
• 曲謹／曲谨
• 曲赦
• 曲躬躬
• 曲軸／曲轴 (qūzhóu)
• 曲辮子／曲辫子
• 曲道
• 曲阜 (Qūfù)
• 曲阻
• 曲院 (qūyuàn)
• 曲隱／曲隐
• 曲霉 (qūméi)
• 曲靖 (Qūjìng)
• 曲面 (qūmiàn)
• 曲頸甑／曲颈甑 (qūjǐngzèng)
• 曲體／曲体
• 樛曲
• 款曲 (kuǎnqū)
• 武曲星
• 歪曲 (wāiqū)
• 水曲
• 汀曲
• 河曲智叟
• 流觴曲水／流觞曲水 (liúshāngqūshuǐ)
• 海曲 (hǎiqū)
• 浮詞曲說／浮词曲说
• 盤旋曲折／盘旋曲折
• 盤曲／盘曲 (pánqū)
• 私曲 (sīqū)
• 空間曲線／空间曲线
• 紆曲／纡曲
• 縱曲枉直／纵曲枉直
• 苟容曲從／苟容曲从
• 薄曲
• 蜷曲 (quánqū)
• 蟠曲 (pánqū)
• 衷曲 (zhōngqū)
• 褶曲
• 褶曲山脈／褶曲山脉
• 襟曲
• 西布曲明 (xībùqūmíng)
• 詰曲／诘曲
• 迂曲 (yūqū)
• 迂迂曲曲
• 迂迴曲折／迂回曲折 (yūhuíqūzhé)
• 遠引曲喻／远引曲喻
• 邪曲
• 部曲 (bùqū)
• 鄉曲／乡曲 (xiāngqū)
• 鄉曲之譽／乡曲之誉
• 鄰曲／邻曲
• 阿意曲從／阿意曲从
• 雙曲線／双曲线 (shuāngqūxiàn)
• 離奇曲折／离奇曲折
• 靜脈曲張／静脉曲张 (jìngmài qūzhāng)
• 飲水曲肱／饮水曲肱
• 鬈曲 (quánqū)

 

Pronunciation 2

Variety	Location	edit 曲
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折 /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大～
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～ /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌～
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰy¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰyo³¹/ /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiuk̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/kʰuk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kʰuk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰiɔk̚³²/ /kʰik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰœyʔ²³/ /kʰwoʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰy²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xok̚⁵/ ～調 /xiak̚⁵/

Rime
Character	曲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丘玉切
Baxter	khjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuawk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiok̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	huk1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qū
Middle Chinese	‹ khjowk ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰ(r)ok/
English	to bend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曲
Reading #	1/1
No.	10578
Phonetic component	曲
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	曲
Old Chinese	/*kʰoɡ/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): qǔ (qu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩˇ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чү (čü, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kuk¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): qiuh⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khiuk

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kiug⁵

• Eastern Min (BUC): ké̤ṳk / kuóh
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khiok / khiak / khek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kêg⁴ / kiog⁴

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷chioq; ⁷chiuq / ⁷chioq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻü³
    • Yale: chyǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheu
    • Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǔr
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˇㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyǔr
    • Wade–Giles: chʻü³-ʼrh
    • Yale: chyǔr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheuel
    • Palladius: цюйр (cjujr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyə̯ɻ²¹⁴/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чү (čü, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kuk¹
    • Yale: kūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: kug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊk̚⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: qiuh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰiʊk̚¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk / kuóh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰøyʔ²⁴/, /kʰuɔʔ²⁴/

Note:

• ké̤ṳk - literary;
• kuóh - vernacular.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiok
    • Tâi-lô: khiok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiog
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiak
    • Tâi-lô: khiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khek
    • Tâi-lô: khik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qeg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪk̚³²/
Note:
• khiok - literary;
• khiak/khek - vernacular.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kêg⁴ / kiog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khek / khiok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰek̚²/, /kʰiok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷chioq; ⁷chiuq
    • MiniDict: chioh^入; chiuih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴qioq; ⁴qyq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷chioq
    • MiniDict: chioh^入
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴³/

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: khjowk

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰ(r)ok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoɡ/

Definitions

曲

1. song

   歌曲  ―  gēqǔ  ―  song

   曲調／曲调  ―  qǔdiào  ―  melody

2. Qu (poetry)

Synonyms

• (song):

edit

• 唱 (chàng)
• 歌 (gē)
• 歌子 (gēzi) (colloquial)
• 歌曲 (gēqǔ)

 

• (Qu): 詞餘／词余 (cíyú)

Compounds

• 一曲
• 一曲千金
• 一曲陽關／一曲阳关
• 三部曲 (sānbùqǔ)
• 主題曲／主题曲 (zhǔtíqǔ)
• 交響曲／交响曲 (jiāoxiǎngqǔ)
• 作曲 (zuòqǔ)
• 佛曲
• 但曲
• 俚曲 (lǐqǔ)
• 催眠曲 (cuīmiánqǔ)
• 元曲 (yuánqǔ)
• 六十種曲／六十种曲
• 冷板曲
• 前奏曲
• 副曲
• 創意曲／创意曲
• 劇曲／剧曲
• 北曲 (běiqǔ)
• 協奏曲／协奏曲 (xiézòuqǔ)
• 南曲 (nánqǔ)
• 受難曲／受难曲 (shòunànqǔ)
• 同工異曲／同工异曲 (tónggōngyìqǔ)
• 名曲 (míngqǔ)
• 周郎顧曲／周郎顾曲
• 唱曲 (chàngqǔ)
• 圓舞曲／圆舞曲 (yuánwǔqǔ)
• 地方戲曲／地方戏曲
• 塞上曲
• 塞下曲
• 夜曲 (yèqǔ)
• 大協奏曲／大协奏曲
• 大曲 (dàqǔ)
• 奏鳴曲／奏鸣曲 (zòumíngqǔ)
• 奏鳴曲式／奏鸣曲式 (zòumíngqǔshì)
• 套曲
• 妙曲
• 安魂曲 (ānhúnqǔ)
• 小夜曲 (xiǎoyèqū)
• 小插曲
• 小曲 (xiǎoqǔ)
• 小步舞曲
• 岔曲 (chàqǔ)
• 崑曲／昆曲 (kūnqǔ)
• 州曲
• 幻想曲 (huànxiǎngqǔ)
• 序曲 (xùqǔ)
• 度曲
• 彌撒曲／弥撒曲 (mísāqǔ)
• 念曲叫曲
• 慢曲
• 戀曲／恋曲 (liànqǔ)
• 戲曲／戏曲 (xìqǔ)
• 抗戰歌曲／抗战歌曲
• 拔山曲
• 拳不離手，曲不離口／拳不离手，曲不离口 (quánbùlíshǒu, qūbùlíkǒu)
• 採蓮曲／采莲曲
• 揚州清曲／扬州清曲
• 插曲 (chāqǔ)
• 搖籃曲／摇篮曲 (yáolánqǔ)
• 敘事曲／叙事曲
• 散曲 (sǎnqǔ)
• 敦煌曲子
• 文曲 (wénqǔ)
• 曲壇／曲坛
• 曲子 (qǔzi)
• 曲學／曲学
• 曲度
• 曲式 (qǔshì)
• 曲牌 (qǔpái)
• 曲目 (qǔmù)
• 曲笛 (qǔdí)
• 曲終人散／曲终人散 (qǔzhōngrénsàn)
• 曲終奏雅／曲终奏雅
• 曲藝／曲艺 (qǔyì)
• 曲話／曲话
• 曲調／曲调 (qǔdiào)
• 曲譜／曲谱 (qǔpǔ)
• 曲高和寡 (qǔgāohèguǎ)
• 月光曲
• 樂曲／乐曲 (yuèqǔ)
• 欸乃曲
• 歌曲 (gēqǔ)
• 民俗曲藝／民俗曲艺
• 民謠歌曲／民谣歌曲
• 法曲
• 波蘭舞曲／波兰舞曲
• 流亡曲
• 流行歌曲 (liúxíng gēqǔ)
• 浪漫曲
• 牌子曲
• 狂想曲 (kuángxiǎngqǔ)
• 獨曲／独曲
• 異曲同工／异曲同工 (yìqǔtónggōng)
• 當曲河／当曲河
• 白雪曲
• 神曲 (shénqǔ)
• 粵曲／粤曲 (yuèqǔ)
• 細曲／细曲
• 終曲／终曲
• 組曲／组曲 (zǔqū)
• 編曲／编曲 (biānqǔ)
• 練習曲／练习曲 (liànxíqǔ)
• 練聲曲／练声曲
• 自度曲
• 舞曲 (wǔqǔ)
• 藝術歌曲／艺术歌曲
• 螾廬曲談／螾庐曲谈
• 衿曲
• 西曲
• 詞曲／词曲 (cíqǔ)
• 詼諧曲／诙谐曲
• 譜曲／谱曲 (pǔqǔ)
• 變奏曲／变奏曲 (biànzòuqǔ)
• 赴曲
• 輪唱曲／轮唱曲
• 輪旋曲／轮旋曲
• 迴旋曲／回旋曲 (huíxuánqǔ)
• 進行曲／进行曲 (jìnxíngqǔ)
• 道曲
• 鄭衛之曲／郑卫之曲
• 酒曲 (jiǔqū)
• 長干曲
• 間奏曲／间奏曲 (jiānzòuqǔ)
• 雨村曲話／雨村曲话
• 顧曲／顾曲
• 顧曲周郎／顾曲周郎
• 饒舌歌曲／饶舌歌曲
• 鼓子曲

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 曲 – see 麴 (“yeast; leaven; wine; alcoholic beverage; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 麴).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

• “曲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 曲

曲

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. song, melody, composition
2. bent, curve
3. to turn, to twist
4. crooked

Readings

• Go-on: こく (koku)
• Kan-on: きょく (kyoku, Jōyō)
• Kun: まがる (magaru, 曲がる, Jōyō)、まげる (mageru, 曲げる, Jōyō)、くま (kuma, 曲)、くせ (kuse, 曲)

Compounds

Compounds

• 曲(きょっ)解(かい) (kyokkai)
• 曲(きょく)技(ぎ) (kyokugi)
• 曲(きょく)芸(げい) (kyokugei)
• 曲(きょく)射(しゃ) (kyokusha)
• 曲(きょく)折(せつ) (kyokusetsu)
• 曲(きょく)面(めん) (kyokumen)
• 曲(きょく)目(もく) (kyokumoku)
• 曲(きょく)論(ろん) (kyokuron)
• 曲(くせ)者(もの) (kusemono)
• 交(こう)声(せい)曲(きょく) (kōseikyoku): cantata
• 小(さ)夜(よ)曲(きょく) (sayokyoku), 小(しょう)夜(や)曲(きょく) (shōyakyoku): serenade
• 奏(そう)鳴(めい)曲(きょく) (sōmeikyoku): sonata
• 夜(や)曲(きょく) (yakyoku): serenade
• 練(れん)習(しゅう)曲(きょく) (renshūkyoku): etude

Etymology

Kanji in this term
曲
きょく Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 曲 (MC khjowk).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きょく [kyòkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1][2]
• (Tokyo) きょく [kyóꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [kʲo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

曲(きょく) • (kyoku) 

1. a piece of music

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

曲 (eumhun 굽을 곡 (gubeul gok))

1. hanja form^? of 곡 (“bent; twisted; curved”)
2. hanja form^? of 곡 (“a piece of music; tune”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 곡곡 (曲曲, gokgok, “a winding mountain or road, abbreviation of 坊坊曲曲, which means everywhere.”)
• 곡관 (曲管, gokgwan, “bent pipe or tube”)
• 곡론 (曲論, gongnon, “sophistry”)
• 곡률 (曲率, gongnyul, “curvature”)
• 곡마 (曲馬, gongma, “circus”)
• 곡면 (曲面, gongmyeon, “curved surface”)
• 곡명 (曲名, gongmyeong, “musical title”)
• 곡목 (曲目, gongmok, “musical items, titles”)
• 곡사 (曲射, goksa, “high-angle fire”)
• 곡선 (曲線, gokseon, “curve”)
• 곡예 (曲藝, gogye, “acrobatic artistry”)
• 곡자 (曲子, gokja, “leaven, malt”)
• 곡조 (曲調, gokjo, “tune, melody”)
• 곡절 (曲折, gokjeol, “underlying reasons for behavior”)
• 곡직 (曲直, gokjik, “right and/or wrong, good and/or bad”)
• 곡척 (曲尺, gokcheok, “steel square, carpenter's square”)
• 곡필 (曲筆, gokpil, “unfair authorship”)
• 곡학 (曲學, gokhak, “unfair scholarship”)
• 곡해 (曲解, gokhae, “misunderstanding, misinterpretation”)
• 곡필 (曲笔, gokpil, “to write in a cloak of reality”)
• 곡직 (曲直, gokjik, “right and wrong”)
• 곡방 (曲房, gokbang, “a secret room beyond the reach of one's eyes.”)
• 곡학 (曲学, gokhak, “lopsided narrow-minded press; a man of low learning and good knowledge”)
• 곡해 (曲解, gokhae, “to misinterpret objective facts or the original intentions of others”)
• 곡의 (曲意, gogui, “to bow down to a person”)
• 가곡 (歌曲, gagok, “song, aria, melody”)
• 작곡 (作曲, jakgok, “musical composition”)
• 방방곡곡 (坊坊曲曲, bangbanggokgok, “everywhere”)

Vietnamese

Han character

曲: Hán Việt readings: khúc (丘(khâu)六(lục)切(thiết))^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
曲: Nôm readings: khúc^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}

1. chữ Hán form of khúc (“bent; curved”).
2. chữ Hán form of khúc (“piece; section; chunk; tune; song”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 曲折 (khúc chiết)
• 歌曲 (ca khúc)
• 疉曲 (điệp khúc)
• 聯曲 (liên khúc)
• 曲棍球 (khúc côn cầu)
• 入家隨俗，入江隨曲 (nhập gia tùy tục, nhập giang tùy khúc/nhập gia tuỳ tục, nhập giang tuỳ khúc)

References

1. Nguyễn (2014).
2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
3. Trần (2004).
4. Bonet (1899).
5. Génibrel (1898).
6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).