布団

Japanese

Kanji in this term
布	団
ふ Grade: 5 (ateji)	とん Grade: 5
goon	tōon

Alternative spellings
布團 (kyūjitai) 蒲団

English Wikipedia has an article on:

futon

Wikipedia

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

布団

Wikipedia ^ja

布団 (futon): traditional Japanese futon bedding, with the 敷布団 (shiki-buton) on the bottom, and the 掛け布団 (kake-buton) on top.

Etymology

Borrowed from written Chinese, possibly early Mandarin 蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán), likely as part of the importation of Zen Buddhism, for which practice these were originally used. First cited in Japanese to a text from the early-mid 1200s with the "meditation cushion" sense.^[1]

Originally referred literally to a 蒲 (pú, “bulrush, cattail”) 團／团 (tuán, “ball”), from the way these were round cushions made from woven bulrush leaves.^[1][2]

After the term was borrowed, the usage and construction of these cushions changed and the connection with bulrushes was weakened, leading to the simpler character 布 (fu, “cloth”) being used as a replacement for 蒲 (fu, “bulrush, cattail”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ふとん [fùtóń] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟̊tõ̞ɴ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

布(ふ)団(とん) • (futon) 

1. [from early-mid 1200s] (Buddhism, specifically Zen) a round cushion made of woven bulrush leaves, used for zazen seated Zen meditation
2. [from 1592] short for 座布団 (zabuton, “seat / sitting cushion”)
3. [from 1638] (most common sense in modern usage) traditional Japanese-style bedding, more specifically the 敷布団 (shiki-buton, “mattress”, literally “spreading / laying-down futon”) or 掛け布団 (kake-buton, “duvet or quilt”, literally “covering futon”), or a set of both, spread directly on a tatami floor

   布団(ふとん)を敷(し)く

   futon o shiku

   to lay out the futon → to make the bed

   布団(ふとん)をあげる

   futon o ageru

   to raise the futon → to put away the bedding

Usage notes

• 布団 may refer to just the mattress, just the comforter, or the entire bed consisting of both.
• The Japanese term has no "furniture" sense, unlike the borrowed English term futon, which can refer to a specific kind of sofa-bed.

Derived terms

• 掛(か)け布(ぶ)団(とん) (kake-buton, “duvet, quilt, comforter”, literally “covering futon”)
• 敷(し)き布(ぶ)団(とん) (shiki-buton, “mattress, bedroll”, literally “spreading / lying-down futon”)
• 座(ざ)布(ぶ)団(とん) (zabuton, “seat / sitting cushion”)

Descendants

Descendants of 布団

• → Arabic: فُوتُون (futūn)
• → Mandarin: 布團／布团 (bùtuán)
• → English: futon
• → Finnish: futon
• → French: futon
• → German: Futon
• → Korean: 후톤 (huton)
• → Marathi: फुतोन (phuton)
• → Russian: футо́н (futón)
• → Spanish: futón
• → Welsh: ffŵton

References

1. “蒲団・布団”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
2. “布団”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN