基礎

See also: 基础

Chinese

		base; foundation; basic base; foundation; basic; (chemistry) radical	foundation; base
trad. (基礎)		基	礎
simp. (基础)		基	础

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīchǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄔㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹ co²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî-chhú
• Eastern Min (BUC): gĭ-chū
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ki-chhó͘ / ki-chhiú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ co²

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ci-tshu₅ / ¹ci-tshou₃

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīchǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄔㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jichǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹-chʻu³
    • Yale: jī-chǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jichuu
    • Palladius: цзичу (cziču)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei¹ co²
    • Yale: gēi chó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ tso²
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ co²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-chhú
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˊ cu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹ cu³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴ t͡sʰu³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ-chū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡sʰ-)ʒu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-chhó͘
    • Tâi-lô: ki-tshóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kizhor
    • IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-chhiú
    • Tâi-lô: ki-tshiú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kichiuo
    • IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ t͡sʰiu²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi¹ co²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki tshó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ t͡sʰo⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ci-tshu₅
    • MiniDict: ci^平 tshu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ji-tshu₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sʰu²¹/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹ci-tshou₃
    • MiniDict: ci^平 tshou^上
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴ t͡sʰəu/

Noun

基礎

1. (literally) foundation; base (of a structure)
2. (figuratively) foundation; basis (that which offers support for an endeavour)

   打下基礎／打下基础  ―  dǎxià jīchǔ  ―  to lay a foundation

3. (economics) socio-economic base; economic foundation

Synonyms

• (foundation): 底子 (dǐzi), 根基 (gēnjī), 基業／基业 (jīyè), (Hokkien) 底置

Adjective

基礎

1. basic; fundamental; elementary; rudimentary

Synonyms

• 基本 (jīběn)
• (attributive) 起碼／起码 (qǐmǎ)

Derived terms

• 基礎代謝／基础代谢 (jīchǔ dàixiè)
• 基礎層／基础层 (jīchǔcéng)
• 基礎工業／基础工业
• 基礎性／基础性 (jīchǔxìng)
• 基礎教育／基础教育 (jīchǔ jiàoyù)
• 基礎病／基础病 (jīchǔbìng)
• 基礎科學／基础科学 (jīchǔ kēxué)
• 基礎設施／基础设施 (jīchǔ shèshī)
• 基礎課／基础课
• 客戶基礎／客户基础 (kèhù jīchǔ)
• 經濟基礎／经济基础 (jīngjì jīchǔ)
• 群眾基礎／群众基础 (qúnzhòng jīchǔ)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (基礎):

• → Japanese: 基礎(きそ) (kiso)
• → Korean: 기초(基礎) (gicho)
• → Vietnamese: cơ sở (基礎)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
基	礎
き Grade: 5	そ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きそ [kíꜜsò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kʲiso̞]

Noun

基(き)礎(そ) • (kiso) 

1. base, basis, foundation, ground, root
   • 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":

     これらの原(げん)則(そく)は、交渉(こうしょう)の基(き)礎(そ)を与(あた)えてくれる。

     Korera no gensoku wa, kōshō no kiso o ataete kureru.

     These principles provide a foundation for negotiations.

2. (construction, architecture) foundation

Derived terms

• 基(き)礎(そ)的(てき) (kisoteki): fundamental

Derived terms

• 基(き)礎(そ)学(がく)力(りょく) (kiso gakuryoku): basic scholastic achievement
• 基(き)礎(そ)代(たい)謝(しゃ) (kiso taisha): basal metabolism
• 基(き)礎(そ)知(ち)識(しき) (kiso chishiki): fundamental knowledge

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
基	礎

Noun

基礎 • (gicho) (hangeul 기초)

1. hanja form^? of 기초 (“foundation, basis”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
基	礎

Noun

基礎

1. chữ Hán form of cơ sở (“foundation, basis”).