噦る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
噦
しゃく Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Shift from 噦る (sakuru).^[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しゃくる [shàkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2][5]
• (Tokyo) しゃくる [shàkúrú] (Heiban – [0])^[2][5]
• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠kɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

Verb

噦(しゃく)る • (shakuru) intransitive godan (stem 噦(しゃく)り (shakuri), past 噦(しゃく)った (shakutta))

1. to hiccup; to rapidly breath in due to spasms of the diaphragm
2. to sob convulsively

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	噦ら	しゃくら	shakura
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	噦り	しゃくり	shakuri
Shūshikei ("terminal")	噦る	しゃくる	shakuru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	噦る	しゃくる	shakuru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	噦れ	しゃくれ	shakure
Meireikei ("imperative")	噦れ	しゃくれ	shakure
Key constructions
Passive	噦られる	しゃくられる	shakurareru
Causative	噦らせる 噦らす	しゃくらせる しゃくらす	shakuraseru shakurasu
Potential	噦れる	しゃくれる	shakureru
Volitional	噦ろう	しゃくろう	shakurō
Negative	噦らない	しゃくらない	shakuranai
Negative continuative	噦らず	しゃくらず	shakurazu
Formal	噦ります	しゃくります	shakurimasu
Perfective	噦った	しゃくった	shakutta
Conjunctive	噦って	しゃくって	shakutte
Hypothetical conditional	噦れば	しゃくれば	shakureba

Conjugation of "噦る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Derived terms

• 噦(しゃく)り (shakuri)
• 泣(な)きじゃくる (nakijakuru)
• しゃくり上(あ)げる (shakuriageru)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
噦
さく Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sa̠kɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

Verb

噦(さく)る • (sakuru) intransitive ^†yodan

1. to rapidly breath in due to spasms of the diaphragm; to hiccup
2. to sob convulsively

Conjugation

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	噦ら	さくら	sakura
Continuative (連用形)	噦り	さくり	sakuri
Terminal (終止形)	噦る	さくる	sakuru
Attributive (連体形)	噦る	さくる	sakuru
Realis (已然形)	噦れ	さくれ	sakure
Imperative (命令形)	噦れ	さくれ	sakure
Key constructions
Negative	噦らず	さくらず	sakurazu
Contrasting conjunction	噦れど	さくれど	sakuredo
Causal conjunction	噦れば	さくれば	sakureba
Conditional conjunction	噦らば	さくらば	sakuraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	噦りき	さくりき	sakuriki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	噦りけり	さくりけり	sakurikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	噦りつ	さくりつ	sakuritu
Perfect tense (natural event)	噦りぬ	さくりぬ	sakurinu
Perfect-continuative tense	噦れり 噦りたり	さくれり さくりたり	sakureri sakuritari
Volitional	噦らむ	さくらむ	sakuramu

Classical conjugation of "噦る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Derived terms

• 噦(さく)り (sakuri)
• 噦(しゃく)る (shakuru)

References

1. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
4. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN