勞動

See also: 勞働, 労働, and 劳动

Chinese

		toil	to move; to change; to use to move; to change; to use; to act
trad. (勞動)		勞	動
simp. (劳动)		劳	动
alternative forms		勞働／劳𫢙 rare

Etymology

Attestable in pre-Qin texts in the sense, "to do (physical) exercise" and "physical work; toil", and in literary Chinese as an expression of politeness.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): láodòng

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁴ dung⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lò-thung
• Eastern Min (BUC): lò̤-dông
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lor² dorng⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lô-tōng / lô͘-tǒng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lao⁵ dong⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶lau-don₆

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: láodòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: láodòng
    • Wade–Giles: lao²-tung⁴
    • Yale: láu-dùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laudonq
    • Palladius: лаодун (laodun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lou⁴ dung⁶
    • Yale: lòuh duhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁴ dung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lou⁴ dung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯²¹ tʊŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lò-thung
    • Hakka Romanization System: lo^ˇ tung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lo² tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /lo¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lò̤-dông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃o⁵³⁻²¹ ^(t-)louŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lor² dorng⁵ [Phonetic: lor⁴ lorng⁵]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ló̤-dō̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒ¹³⁻⁴² ^(t-)lɒŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lor² dorng⁵ [Phonetic: lor⁴ lorng⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒ²⁴⁻⁴² ^(t-)lɒŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô-tōng
    • Tâi-lô: lô-tōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loi'dong
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lo²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘-tǒng
    • Tâi-lô: lôo-tǒng
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lao⁵ dong⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâu tŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ toŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lau-don₆
    • MiniDict: lau^去 don^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lau-don₃
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lɔ²² doŋ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: law duwngX

Rime
Character	勞	動
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	魯刀切	徒揔切
Baxter	law	duwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑu/	/duŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑu/	/duŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑu/	/duŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/law/	/dəwŋX/
Li Rong	/lɑu/	/duŋX/
Wang Li	/lɑu/	/duŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑu/	/dʱuŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láo	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou4	dung6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaw  [Cə-m-]tˤoŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raːw  doːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勞	動
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	láo	dòng
Middle Chinese	‹ law ›	‹ duwngX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁaw/	/*[Cə-m-]tˁoŋʔ/
English	toil	move
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勞	動
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	7647	17449
Phonetic component	勞	重
Rime group	宵	東
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	勞	動
Old Chinese	/*raːw/	/*doːŋʔ/

Noun

勞動

1. physical work; toil

   熱愛勞動／热爱劳动  ―  rè'ài láodòng  ―  to love physical work

   勞動人民文化宮／劳动人民文化宫  ―  Láodòng Rénmín Wénhuàgōng  ―  Working People's Cultural Palace

2. labor

   勞動仲裁／劳动仲裁  ―  láodòng zhòngcái  ―  labor arbitration

   勞動關係／劳动关系  ―  láodòng guānxì  ―  labor relations

Verb

勞動

1. to do physical work; to do manual labour; to toil
2. to perform labor
3. (archaic) to do physical exercise

Synonyms

• (to do physical work): 操作 (cāozuò), 幹活／干活 (gànhuó)

Derived terms

• 具體勞動 / 具体劳动 (jùtǐ láodòng)
• 剩餘勞動 / 剩余劳动 (shèngyú láodòng)
• 勞動人民 / 劳动人民 (láodòng rénmín)
• 勞動保護 / 劳动保护
• 勞動保險 / 劳动保险
• 勞動力 / 劳动力 (láodònglì)
• 勞動合同 / 劳动合同 (láodòng hétóng)
• 勞動密集 / 劳动密集 (láodòng mìjí)
• 勞動密集型 / 劳动密集型 (láodòng mìjíxíng)
• 勞動專業化 / 劳动专业化
• 勞動對象 / 劳动对象 (láodòng duìxiàng)
• 勞動布 / 劳动布
• 勞動市場 / 劳动市场 (láodòng shìchǎng)
• 勞動強度 / 劳动强度
• 勞動改造 / 劳动改造 (láodòng gǎizào)
• 勞動教養 / 劳动教养 (láodòng jiàoyǎng)
• 勞動日 / 劳动日
• 勞動服 / 劳动服
• 勞動模範 / 劳动模范 (láodòng mófàn)
• 勞動權 / 劳动权
• 勞動法 / 劳动法 (láodòngfǎ)
• 勞動爭議 / 劳动争议
• 勞動生產率 / 劳动生产率 (láodòng shēngchǎnlǜ)
• 勞動節 / 劳动节 (láodòngjié)
• 勞動組合 / 劳动组合 (láodòng zǔhé)
• 勞動者 / 劳动者 (láodòngzhě)
• 勞動階級 / 劳动阶级 (láodòng jiējí)
• 勞模 / 劳模 (láomó)
• 家務勞動 / 家务劳动 (jiāwù láodòng)
• 強迫勞動 / 强迫劳动
• 必要勞動 / 必要劳动 (bìyào láodòng)
• 抽象勞動 / 抽象劳动 (chōuxiàng láodòng)
• 社會必要勞動時間 / 社会必要劳动时间 (shèhuì bìyāo láodòng shíjiān)
• 腦力勞動 / 脑力劳动 (nǎolì láodòng)
• 誠實勞動 / 诚实劳动 (chéngshí láodòng)
• 體力勞動 / 体力劳动 (tǐlì láodòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (勞動):

• → Japanese: 労働(ろうどう) (rōdō)
• → Korean: 로동/노동(勞動) (rodong/nodong)
• → Vietnamese: lao động (勞動)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): láodong

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ ˙ㄉㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁴ dung⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lô-tōng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: láodong
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ ˙ㄉㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: láodo̊ng
    • Wade–Giles: lao²-tung⁵
    • Yale: láu-dung
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lau.dong
    • Palladius: лаодун (laodun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯³⁵ d̥ʊŋ³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lou⁴ dung⁶
    • Yale: lòuh duhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁴ dung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lou⁴ dung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯²¹ tʊŋ²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô-tōng
    • Tâi-lô: lô-tōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loi'dong
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lo²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/

Verb

勞動

1. (polite, colloquial, dated) to bother or trouble someone; to politely request someone to do something

Japanese

Kanji in this term
勞	動
ろう Hyōgai	どう Grade: 3
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 勞動 – see the following entry.

【労働ろうどう】 [noun] labor; labour [verb] perform work, labor Alternative spelling 労動

(This term, 勞動, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (労動) of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
勞	動

Noun

勞動 • (rodong) (hangeul 로동)

1. hanja form^? of 로동 (“labour ("North Korea")”)

Noun

勞動 • (nodong) (hangeul 노동)

1. hanja form^? of 노동 (“labour ("South Korea")”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
勞	動

Noun

勞動

1. chữ Hán form of lao động (“labour”)