分子

See also: 份子

Chinese

		to divide; minute; (a measure word) to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of leng)	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
trad. (分子)		分	子
simp. #(分子)		分	子
alternative forms		份子 Pronunciation 2

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 分子 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 分子 (Cantonese)
• Hun-chú (Southern Min)

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “sense of molecule being a calque of Latin particula?”

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府文切	即里切
Baxter	pjun	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨun/	/t͡sɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/piun/	/t͡sɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/piuən/	/t͡sieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pun/	/t͡sɨX/
Li Rong	/piuən/	/t͡siəX/
Wang Li	/pĭuən/	/t͡sĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uən/	/t͡siX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan1	zi2

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēn	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ pjun ›	‹ tsiX ›
Old Chinese	/*pə[n]/	/*tsəʔ/
English	divide	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3148	17857
Phonetic component	分	子
Rime group	文	之
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	分	子
Old Chinese	/*pɯn/	/*ʔslɯʔ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēnzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄗˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fan⁶ zi² / fan¹ zi²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fun⁵ du²

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hun-chír / hun-chú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hung¹ ze²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēnzǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fenzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: fên¹-tzŭ³
    • Yale: fēn-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fentzyy
    • Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fan⁶ zi² / fan¹ zi²
    • Yale: fahn jí / fān jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁶ dzi² / fan¹ dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen⁶ ji² / fen¹ ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/, /fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 份子 分子

  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fun⁵ du²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fun³² tu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-chír
    • Tâi-lô: hun-tsír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-chú
    • Tâi-lô: hun-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hunzuo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hung¹ ze²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung tsṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjun tsiX

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n]  tsəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯn  ʔslɯʔ/

Noun

分子

1. side branch in a family tree

   • 燕，周之分子也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Commentary of Guliang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE

     Yān, Zhōu zhī fēnzǐ yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. component
3. (chemistry) molecule

   極性分子／极性分子  ―  jíxìng fēnzǐ  ―  polar molecule

   一分子甲烷  ―  yī fēnzǐ jiǎwán  ―  a molecule of methane

4. (arithmetic) numerator

Derived terms

• 分子式 (fēnzǐshì)
• 分子晶體／分子晶体 (fēnzǐ jīngtǐ)
• 分子生物學／分子生物学 (fēnzǐ shēngwùxué)
• 分子結構／分子结构 (fēnzǐ jiégòu)
• 超分子 (chāofēnzǐ)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fènzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fan⁶ zi²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fun⁵ du²

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hūn-chír / hūn-chú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁷ ze²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fènzǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fènzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: fên⁴-tzŭ³
    • Yale: fèn-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenntzyy
    • Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fan⁶ zi²
    • Yale: fahn jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁶ dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen⁶ ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 份子 分子

  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fun⁵ du²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fun³² tu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chír
    • Tâi-lô: hūn-tsír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chú
    • Tâi-lô: hūn-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huxnzuo
    • IPA (Taipei): /hun³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hung⁷ ze²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hūng tsṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

Noun

分子

1. (chiefly derogatory) member (of a class); element (of a group of people)

   不法分子  ―  bùfǎ fènzǐ  ―  offender

   分裂分子  ―  fēnliè fènzǐ  ―  separatist

Derived terms

• 反革命分子 (fǎngémìng fènzǐ)
• 叛亂分子／叛乱分子 (pànluàn fènzǐ)
• 右翼分子 (yòuyì fènzǐ)
• 壞分子／坏分子 (huàifènzǐ)
• 左翼分子 (zuǒyì fènzǐ)
• 恐怖分子 (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
• 投機分子／投机分子 (tóujī fènzǐ)
• 極端分子／极端分子 (jíduān fènzǐ)
• 活動分子／活动分子 (huódòng fènzǐ)
• 活躍分子／活跃分子 (huóyuè fènzǐ)
• 犯罪分子 (fànzuì fènzǐ)
• 異議分子／异议分子 (yìyì fènzǐ)
• 知識分子／知识分子
• 積極分子／积极分子 (jījí fènzǐ)

 

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fènzi

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ˙ㄗ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fènzi
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ˙ㄗ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fènzi̊h
    • Wade–Giles: fên⁴-tzŭ⁵
    • Yale: fèn-dz
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn.tzy
    • Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

Noun

分子

1. Taiwan standard form of 份子 (fènzi).

Pronunciation 4

• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen¹ zr / fen⁵ zr

---

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: fen¹ zr / fen⁵ zr
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸən³³ t͡sz̩³/, /ɸən²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

Noun

分子

1. (Xiang) mark; grade; score

Synonyms

• 分數／分数 (fēnshù)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
分	子
ぶん Grade: 2	し Grade: 1
goon

 分子 on Japanese Wikipedia

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 分子 (pjun tsiX).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぶんし [búꜜǹshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [bɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɕi]

Noun

分(ぶん)子(し) • (bunshi) 

1. (set theory) element
2. (arithmetic) numerator
3. (chemistry) molecule

Related terms

• 分母(ぶんぼ) (bunbo): denominator

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
分	子

Noun

分子 • (bunja) (hangeul 분자)

1. hanja form^? of 분자 (“molecule; element; numerator”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
分	子

Noun

分子

1. chữ Hán form of phân tử (“molecule, element”).
2. chữ Hán form of phần tử (“member (of a class); element (of a group of people, things)”).