冰
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
冰 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一水 (IME), four-corner 32130, composition ⿰冫水)
Derived characters
- 𢬄, 栤, 𥒜, 𦀋, 𨀰, 𨋲, 𣑏, 𭜯
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1612
- Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 295, character 9
- Unihan data for U+51B0
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 冰 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Vulgar character |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ). The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”), and perhaps Tangut 𘒓 (*par¹, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, 2014).
Within Chinese, 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) are usually considered cognates (STEDT; Zhengzhang, 2003; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the Tibeto-Burman cognates above (cf. Schuessler, 2007).
STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in the Chinese comparandum of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am.
Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”), from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bin1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бин (bin, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bing1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): ben1
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): bing1
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bing1
- Gan (Wiktionary): bin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): biang1
- Northern Min (KCR): báing / béng
- Eastern Min (BUC): bĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1pin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bing
- Wade–Giles: ping1
- Yale: bīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bing
- Palladius: бин (bin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bin
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бин (bin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bing1
- Yale: bīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: bing1
- Guangdong Romanization: bing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ben1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pen³³/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: bing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: bin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pên
- Hakka Romanization System: benˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ben1
- Sinological IPA: /pen²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: biang1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /piaŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: báing / béng
- Sinological IPA (key): /paiŋ⁵⁴/, /peiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: bin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin³³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ping
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*p.rəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pŋrɯŋ/
Definitions
冰
- ice (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c)
- ice-cold
- to freeze; to ice
- (slang, drug) methamphetamine; meth; ice
- 溜冰 ― liūbīng ― to smoke meth
- a surname: Bing
Synonyms
- (ice):
Compounds
- 冰上運動／冰上运动 (bīngshàng yùndòng)
- 冰人 (bīngrén)
- 冰冷 (bīnglěng)
- 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
- 冰凍／冰冻 (bīngdòng)
- 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
- 冰凉 (bīngliáng)
- 冰凍三尺，非一日之寒／冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 (bīngdòng sān chǐ, fēi yīrì zhī hán)
- 冰刀 (bīngdāo)
- 冰囊
- 冰坨 (bīngtuó)
- 冰場／冰场 (bīngchǎng)
- 冰塊／冰块 (bīngkuài)
- 冰塊兒／冰块儿
- 冰壅 (bīngyōng)
- 冰壇／冰坛
- 冰壩／冰坝
- 冰天雪地 (bīngtiānxuědì)
- 冰天雪窖
- 冰封 (bīngfēng)
- 冰屋 (bīngwū)
- 冰山 (bīngshān)
- 冰岩漿／冰岩浆 (bīngyánjiāng)
- 冰島／冰岛 (Bīngdǎo)
- 冰峰 (bīngfēng)
- 冰川 (bīngchuān)
- 冰川期 (bīngchuānqī)
- 冰巨行星 (bīng jùxíngxīng)
- 冰帆
- 冰床 (bīngchuáng)
- 冰心
- 冰掛／冰挂 (bīngguà)
- 冰排 (bīngpái)
- 冰掛兒／冰挂儿
- 冰排子
- 冰斗 (bīngdǒu)
- 冰晶 (bīngjīng)
- 冰景
- 冰晶石 (bīngjīngshí)
- 冰期 (bīngqī)
- 冰柱 (bīngzhù)
- 冰架 (bīngjià)
- 冰棒 (bīngbàng)
- 冰棍 (bīnggùn)
- 冰棍兒／冰棍儿 (bīnggùnr)
- 冰橇 (bīngqiāo)
- 冰櫃／冰柜 (bīngguì)
- 冰毒 (bīngdú)
- 冰水 (bīngshuǐ)
- 冰河 (bīnghé)
- 冰河時代／冰河时代
- 冰海
- 冰消瓦解 (bīngxiāowǎjiě)
- 冰淇淋 (bīngqílín)
- 冰清玉潔／冰清玉洁 (bīngqīngyùjié)
- 冰溜 (bīngliù)
- 冰激凌 (bīngjīlíng)
- 冰瀑
- 冰火山 (bīnghuǒshān)
- 冰炭 (bīngtàn)
- 冰熔岩 (bīngróngyán)
- 冰燈／冰灯 (bīngdēng)
- 冰片 (bīngpiàn)
- 冰球 (bīngqiú)
- 冰瓶
- 冰盆景
- 冰盆景兒／冰盆景儿
- 冰碴 (bīngchá)
- 冰碴兒／冰碴儿
- 冰磚／冰砖 (bīngzhuān)
- 冰窖 (bīngjiào)
- 冰箱 (bīngxiāng)
- 冰箸 (bīngzhù)
- 冰糕 (bīnggāo)
- 冰糖 (bīngtáng)
- 冰糖葫蘆／冰糖葫芦 (bīngtáng húlu)
- 冰肌玉骨
- 冰船 (bīngchuán)
- 冰花 (bīnghuā)
- 冰茶 (bīngchá)
- 冰蝕／冰蚀
- 冰袋 (bīngdài)
- 冰車／冰车
- 冰輪／冰轮 (bīnglún)
- 冰道
- 冰釋／冰释 (bīngshì)
- 冰錐／冰锥 (bīngzhuī)
- 冰錐子／冰锥子 (bīngzhuīzi)
- 冰鎮／冰镇 (bīngzhèn)
- 冰鎬／冰镐 (bīnggǎo)
- 冰鑒／冰鉴
- 冰鑹／冰镩 (bīngcuān)
- 冰雕 (bīngdiāo)
- 冰雪 (bīngxuě)
- 冰雪聰明／冰雪聪明 (bīngxuěcōngmíng)
- 冰雹 (bīngbáo)
- 冰霜 (bīngshuāng)
- 冰鞋 (bīngxié)
- 冰點／冰点 (bīngdiǎn)
- 愛玉冰／爱玉冰 (àiyùbīng)
- 採冰／采冰
- 春冰 (chūnbīng)
- 溜冰 (liūbīng)
- 滑冰 (huábīng)
- 臥冰／卧冰 (wòbīng)
- 芋仔冰
- 芋冰
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 冰 – see 凝 (“to coagulate; to congeal; to freeze; to focus; to concentrate; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 凝). |
References
- “冰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Kanji
冰
- Alternative form of 氷.
Readings
Etymology
Pronunciation
Proper noun
冰 • (Hyō)
- a surname from Chinese
Hanja
References
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