Etymology 1
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From Middle Chinese 交易 (MC kaew yek). The kan'on reading, which usually indicates a later borrowing. However, this reading appears earlier in the historical record, and is first cited to a text from 718 CE.[1]
Verb
交易する • (kōeki suru) ←かうえき (kaueki)?transitive suru (stem 交易し (kōeki shi), past 交易した (kōeki shita))
- to trade, to engage in trade, particularly internationally
Conjugation
More information Katsuyōkei ("stem forms"), Mizenkei ("imperfective") ...
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") |
Mizenkei ("imperfective") |
交易し |
こうえきし |
kōeki shi |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") |
交易し |
こうえきし |
kōeki shi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") |
交易する |
こうえきする |
kōeki suru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") |
交易する |
こうえきする |
kōeki suru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") |
交易すれ |
こうえきすれ |
kōeki sure |
Meireikei ("imperative") |
交易せよ¹ 交易しろ² |
こうえきせよ¹ こうえきしろ² |
kōeki seyo¹ kōeki shiro² |
Key constructions |
Passive |
交易される |
こうえきされる |
kōeki sareru |
Causative |
交易させる 交易さす |
こうえきさせる こうえきさす |
kōeki saseru kōeki sasu |
Potential |
交易できる |
こうえきできる |
kōeki dekiru |
Volitional |
交易しよう |
こうえきしよう |
kōeki shiyō |
Negative |
交易しない |
こうえきしない |
kōeki shinai |
Negative continuative |
交易せず |
こうえきせず |
kōeki sezu |
Formal |
交易します |
こうえきします |
kōeki shimasu |
Perfective |
交易した |
こうえきした |
kōeki shita |
Conjunctive |
交易して |
こうえきして |
kōeki shite |
Hypothetical conditional |
交易すれば |
こうえきすれば |
kōeki sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative |
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Etymology 2
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From Middle Chinese 交易 (MC kaew yek). The goon reading, which usually indicates an earlier borrowing. However, in this case, this reading is only cited to the Muromachi period, several centuries later than the kan'on reading kōeki.[1] This reading may instead have arisen as a hypercorrection or deliberate archaism.
This reading appears to be obsolete.
References
Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN