আছ-
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Inherited from Prakrit 𑀆𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (ācchaï), from Sanskrit আক্ষেতি (ākṣeti), a compound of আ- (ā-) + ক্ষেতি (kṣeti, “to live”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáyti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáyti, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéyti (“to live”), from *teḱ- (“to sire, beget”) + *-éyti (present suffix).
Cognate with Sylheti ꠀꠍꠦ (asé), Assamese আছে (ase), Gujarati છે (che), Hindi अछना (achnā), Marathi असणे (asṇe) / Marathi आहे (āhe).
আছ- • (ach-)
আছ- (ach-) is an irregular verb that isn't used in all tenses.
In the present tense, আছ- (ach-) is often omitted. It is only required in questions formed using sense 2 and in certain fixed expressions such as:
The negative form of আছ- (ach-) in the present tense is নাই (nai).
In the past tense, আছ- (ach-) is required and cannot be dropped (unless another word clearly specifies the time frame). Its negative form is the regular আছ- না (ach- na).
In the future tense (and all other tenses), থাকা (thaka) is used instead of আছ- (ach-).
verbal noun | থাকা (thaka) |
---|---|
infinitive | থাকতে (thakte) |
progressive participle | থাকতে-থাকতে (thakte-thakte) |
conditional participle | থাকলে (thakle) |
perfect participle | থেকে (theke) |
habitual participle | থেকে-থেকে (theke-theke) |
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
very familiar | familiar | familiar | polite | |||
singular | আমি (ami) | তুই (tui) | তুমি (tumi) | এ (e), ও (ō), সে (se) |
আপনি (apni) | ইনি (ini), উনি (uni), তিনি (tini) |
plural | আমরা (amra) | তোরা (tora) | তোমরা (tomra) | এরা (era), ওরা (ōra), তারা (tara) |
আপনারা (apnara) | এঁরা (ẽra), ওঁরা (ō̃ra), তাঁরা (tãra) |
simple present | আছি (achi) |
আছিস (achis) |
আছ (acho) |
আছে (ache) |
আছেন (achen) | |
present continuous | থাকছি (thakchi) |
থাকছিস (thakchis) |
থাকছ (thakcho) |
থাকছে (thakche) |
থাকছেন (thakchen) | |
present perfect | থেকেছি (thekechi) |
থেকেছিস (thekechis) |
থেকেছ (thekecho) |
থেকেছে (thekeche) |
থেকেছেন (thekechen) | |
simple past | ছিলাম (chilam) |
ছিলি (chili) |
ছিলে (chile) |
ছিল (chilo) |
ছিলেন (chilen) | |
past continuous | থাকছিলাম (thakchilam) |
থাকছিলি (thakchili) |
থাকছিলে (thakchile) |
থাকছিল (thakchilo) |
থাকছিলেন (thakchilen) | |
past perfect | থেকেছিলাম (thekechilam) |
থেকেছিলি (thekechili) |
থেকেছিলে (thekechile) |
থেকেছিল (thekechilo) |
থেকেছিলেন (thekechilen) | |
habitual/conditional past | থাকতাম (thaktam) |
থাকতি (thakti) |
থাকতে (thakte) |
থাকত (thakto) |
থাকতেন (thakten) | |
future | থাকব (thakbo) |
থাকবি (thakbi) |
থাকবে (thakbe) |
থাকবে (thakbe) |
থাকবেন (thakben) |
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