আছ-

Bengali

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀆𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (ācchaï), from Sanskrit আক্ষেতি (ākṣeti), a compound of আ- (ā-) + ক্ষেতি (kṣeti, “to live”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáyti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáyti, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéyti (“to live”), from *teḱ- (“to sire, beget”) +‎ *-éyti (present suffix).

Cognate with Sylheti ꠀꠍꠦ (asé), Assamese আছে (ase), Gujarati છે (che), Hindi अछना (achnā), Marathi असणे (asṇe) / Marathi आहे (āhe).

Pronunciation

• (Rarh) IPA^(key): /at͡ʃʰ/, [ˈat͡ʃ]

• (Dhaka) IPA^(key): /atɕʰ/, [ˈatɕ]

Verb

আছ- • (ach-)

1. to have; to possess

   আমার একটা কুকুর আছে।

   amar ekṭa kukur ache.

   I have a dog.

   তার অনেক বন্ধু ছিল।

   tar onek bondhu chilo.

   He/she had many friends.

2. there be; to exist

   ওদের গাড়িতে অনেক জায়গা ছিল।

   ōder gaṛite onek jaẏga chilo.

   There was lots of room in their car.

   এখানে কি কোনো নিয়ম কানুন আছে?

   ekhane ki kōnō niẏom kanun ache?

   Is there any law and order around here?

3. to be (somewhere)

   আমি বাড়িতে আছি। ― ami baṛite achi. ― I am at home.

   তুমি কোথায় ছিলে? ― tumi kōthaẏ chile? ― Where were you?

4. to be (in a state)

   সে কেমন আছে? ― śe kemon ache? ― How is he/she?

   ঘরটা পরিষ্কার ছিল? ― ghorṭa poriśkar chilo? ― Was the room clean?

Usage notes

আছ- (ach-) is an irregular verb that isn't used in all tenses.

In the present tense, আছ- (ach-) is often omitted. It is only required in questions formed using sense 2 and in certain fixed expressions such as:

• কেমন আছ? ― kemon acho? ― how are you?
• ভাল আছি ― bhalo achi ― I am well
• ঠিক আছে ― ṭhik ache ― it's okay

The negative form of আছ- (ach-) in the present tense is নাই (nai).

In the past tense, আছ- (ach-) is required and cannot be dropped (unless another word clearly specifies the time frame). Its negative form is the regular আছ- না (ach- na).

In the future tense (and all other tenses), থাকা (thaka) is used instead of আছ- (ach-).

Conjugation

Impersonal forms of আছ-

verbal noun	থাকা (thaka)
infinitive	থাকতে (thakte)
progressive participle	থাকতে-থাকতে (thakte-thakte)
conditional participle	থাকলে (thakle)
perfect participle	থেকে (theke)
habitual participle	থেকে-থেকে (theke-theke)

Conjugation of আছ-

	1st person	2nd person		3rd person	2nd person	3rd person
		very familiar	familiar	familiar	polite
simple present	আছি (achi)	আছিস (achis)	আছ (acho)	আছে (ache)	আছেন (achen)
present continuous	থাকছি (thakchi)	থাকছিস (thakchis)	থাকছ (thakcho)	থাকছে (thakche)	থাকছেন (thakchen)
present perfect	থেকেছি (thekechi)	থেকেছিস (thekechis)	থেকেছ (thekecho)	থেকেছে (thekeche)	থেকেছেন (thekechen)
simple past	ছিলাম (chilam)	ছিলি (chili)	ছিলে (chile)	ছিল (chilo)	ছিলেন (chilen)
past continuous	থাকছিলাম (thakchilam)	থাকছিলি (thakchili)	থাকছিলে (thakchile)	থাকছিল (thakchilo)	থাকছিলেন (thakchilen)
past perfect	থেকেছিলাম (thekechilam)	থেকেছিলি (thekechili)	থেকেছিলে (thekechile)	থেকেছিল (thekechilo)	থেকেছিলেন (thekechilen)
habitual/conditional past	থাকতাম (thaktam)	থাকতি (thakti)	থাকতে (thakte)	থাকত (thakto)	থাকতেন (thakten)
future	থাকব (thakbo)	থাকবি (thakbi)	থাকবে (thakbe)	থাকবে (thakbe)	থাকবেন (thakben)