گرم

See also: كرم and کرم

Burushaski

Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi ग्राम (grām).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡiram]

Noun

گرم (giram)

1. village

References

• Bechtholdt, Astrid (2024) “giram”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017.

Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گرم (garm)

Adjective

گرم • (garam) (Standard Gujarati ગરમ) (Lisan ud-Dawat)

1. hot

Persian

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Proto-Iranian *garmáh

Persian گرم

From Middle Persian [script needed] (glm /⁠garm⁠/, “warm”), from Proto-Iranian *garmáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to warm, heat”), whence also English warm.^[1] Cognate with Khotanese garma- (“hot”), etc.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡaɾm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɾm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɾm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡäɾm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡäɾm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲæɹm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɾm]

Readings
Classical reading?	garm
Dari reading?	garm
Iranian reading?	garm
Tajik reading?	garm

• (Iran) IPA^(key): [ɡʲæːɾm]

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Adjective

Dari	گرم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	гарм

گرم • (garm) (comparative گرم‌تَر (garm-tar), superlative گرم‌تَرین (garm-tarin))

1. warm, hot

   Antonym: سرد (sard, “cold”)

   در بیابان هوا خیلی گرم است

   dar biyâbân havâ xeyli garm ast.

   In the desert, the weather is very hot.

2. (figurative) warm, enthusiastic, passionate

   Antonym: سرد (sard, “cold, lukewarm”)

3. (figurative) impressive, charming
4. (figurative) friendly

Derived terms

• اسلحه گرم (aslahe garm, “firearm”)
• خون گرم (xun-garm, “sympathetic”)
• دمت گرم (damet garm, “bravo”)
• شیر گرم (šir-garm, “lukewarm”)
• گرم خیز (garm-xiz, “nimble, lively”)
• گرم رو (garm-row, “quick runner”)
• گرم سرد (garm-sard, “tepid, lukewarm”)
• گرما گرم (garmâ-garm, “fresh-hot”)
• گرمسیر (garmsir, “tropical area”)
• گرمی (garmi, “heat”)

 

Related terms

• گرما (garmâ, “hot weather”)
• گرمابه (garmâbe, “bathhouse, hammam”)

Descendants

• → Assamese: গৰম (gorom)
• → Bengali: গরম (gorom)
• → Gujarati: ગરમ (garam)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: गर्म (garm)
  • Urdu: گرم (garm)
• → Malay: geram
  • Indonesian: geram
• → Marathi: गरम (garam)
• → Odia: ଗରମ (garama)
• → Punjabi: ਗਰਮ (garam)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French gramme.

Pronunciation

• (Iran) IPA^(key): [ɡʲeˈɾæm]

Noun

گرم • (geram) (plural گرم‌ها (geram-hâ))

1. gram

Etymology 3

Cognate with Russian горе (gore).

Noun

گرم • (gorm)

1. (archaic) grief

References

1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 161

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گرم (garm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡərəmʊ]

Adjective

گَرَمُ • (garamu) (Devanagari गरमु)

1. warm, hot
2. passionate, excited, brisk (trade)

References

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “گَرَمُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “گَرَمُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گرم (garm). Compare Bengali গরম (gorom), Gujarati ગરમ (garam), Marathi गरम (garam), Assamese গৰম (gorom).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɡə.ɾəm/, /ɡəɾm/

Adjective

گرم • (garm) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling गर्म)

1. warm; hot
2. active, live; fresh
3. angry, furious

Related terms

• گرمی (garmī)

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu گرم (garm).

Adjective

گرم (garm)

1. warm, hot