گران

See also: گراں

Baluchi

Adjective

گران • (giran)

1. heavy

See also

• گراں (gerá̃)
• سنگین

Central Kurdish

Adjective

گران (gran)

1. heavy

Persian

Alternative forms

• گرون (gerun) (Tehrani)
• گرنگ (Kabuli)

Etymology

From Middle Persian glʾn' (garān, “heavy”), from Proto-Iranian *grā-na- (“heavy”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”).^[1] Cognate to Latin gravis (“heavy”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡi.ɾɑːn], [ɡa.ɾɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪ.ɾɑːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪ.ɾɑːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡɪ.ɾäŋɡ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡä.ɾɔːn]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲe.ɹɒːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲe.ɹɒːn]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [ɡʲe.ɹuːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡä.ɾɔn]

Readings
Classical reading?	girān, garān
Dari reading?	girān
Iranian reading?	gerân
Tajik reading?	garon

Adjective

Dari	گران
Iranian Persian
Tajik	гарон

گران • (gerân) (comparative گران‌تَر (gerân-tar), superlative گران‌تَرین (gerân-tarin))

1. expensive

   Antonym: ارزان (arzân, “cheap”)

   این بسیار گران است. (more formal) ― in besyâr gerân ast. ― This is too expensive.

   این خیلی گرونه. (more colloquial) ― in xeyli gerun-e. ― This is too expensive.

   • c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]‎:

     یک سال آب نیل وفا نکرد و غله گران شد.

     yak sāl āb-i nīl wafā na-kard u ğalla garān šud.

     One year, the waters of the Nile did not rise and grain became expensive.

2. (archaic or poetic) heavy

   Synonyms: سنگین (sangin), گرنگ (girang) (Dari)

   • 1964, Rahi Mo'ayyeri, غزلها - جلد سوم‎:

     زندگی بر دوش ما بار گرانی بیش نیست
     عمر جاویدان عذاب جاودانی بیش نیست

     zendegi bar duš-e mâ bâr-e gerâni biš nist
     omr-e jâvidân ezâb-e jâvedâni biš nist

     Life on my shoulders is no more than a heavy load;
     The eternal life is no more than a torment everlasting.

Descendants

• → Pashto:
  • → Phalura: graán

References

1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 181