ضعف

See also: صعق

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ض ع ف (ḍ ʕ f)
9 terms

Verb

ضَعُفَ • (ḍaʕufa) I (non-past يَضْعُفُ (yaḍʕufu), verbal noun ضُعْف (ḍuʕf) or ضَعْف (ḍaʕf))

1. (intransitive) to weaken

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						ضُعْف, ضَعْف ḍuʕf, ḍaʕf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						ضَعِيف ḍaʕīf
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَضْعُوف maḍʕūf
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ضَعُفْتُ ḍaʕuftu	ضَعُفْتَ ḍaʕufta	ضَعُفَ ḍaʕufa		ضَعُفْتُمَا ḍaʕuftumā	ضَعُفَا ḍaʕufā		ضَعُفْنَا ḍaʕufnā	ضَعُفْتُمْ ḍaʕuftum	ضَعُفُوا ḍaʕufū
	f		ضَعُفْتِ ḍaʕufti	ضَعُفَتْ ḍaʕufat			ضَعُفَتَا ḍaʕufatā			ضَعُفْتُنَّ ḍaʕuftunna	ضَعُفْنَ ḍaʕufna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَضْعُفُ ʔaḍʕufu	تَضْعُفُ taḍʕufu	يَضْعُفُ yaḍʕufu		تَضْعُفَانِ taḍʕufāni	يَضْعُفَانِ yaḍʕufāni		نَضْعُفُ naḍʕufu	تَضْعُفُونَ taḍʕufūna	يَضْعُفُونَ yaḍʕufūna
	f		تَضْعُفِينَ taḍʕufīna	تَضْعُفُ taḍʕufu			تَضْعُفَانِ taḍʕufāni			تَضْعُفْنَ taḍʕufna	يَضْعُفْنَ yaḍʕufna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَضْعُفَ ʔaḍʕufa	تَضْعُفَ taḍʕufa	يَضْعُفَ yaḍʕufa		تَضْعُفَا taḍʕufā	يَضْعُفَا yaḍʕufā		نَضْعُفَ naḍʕufa	تَضْعُفُوا taḍʕufū	يَضْعُفُوا yaḍʕufū
	f		تَضْعُفِي taḍʕufī	تَضْعُفَ taḍʕufa			تَضْعُفَا taḍʕufā			تَضْعُفْنَ taḍʕufna	يَضْعُفْنَ yaḍʕufna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَضْعُفْ ʔaḍʕuf	تَضْعُفْ taḍʕuf	يَضْعُفْ yaḍʕuf		تَضْعُفَا taḍʕufā	يَضْعُفَا yaḍʕufā		نَضْعُفْ naḍʕuf	تَضْعُفُوا taḍʕufū	يَضْعُفُوا yaḍʕufū
	f		تَضْعُفِي taḍʕufī	تَضْعُفْ taḍʕuf			تَضْعُفَا taḍʕufā			تَضْعُفْنَ taḍʕufna	يَضْعُفْنَ yaḍʕufna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُضْعُفْ uḍʕuf			اُضْعُفَا uḍʕufā				اُضْعُفُوا uḍʕufū
	f		اُضْعُفِي uḍʕufī							اُضْعُفْنَ uḍʕufna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	ضُعِفَ ḍuʕifa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُضْعَفُ yuḍʕafu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُضْعَفَ yuḍʕafa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُضْعَفْ yuḍʕaf		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

    Conjugation of ضَعُفَ (I, sound, u ~ u, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns ضُعْف, ضَعْف)

Verb

ضَعَّفَ • (ḍaʕʕafa) II (non-past يُضَعِّفُ (yuḍaʕʕifu), verbal noun تَضْعِيف (taḍʕīf))

1. (transitive) to weaken, to make weak
2. (transitive) to double
3. (linguistics, transitive) to geminate (a consonant)

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَضْعِيف taḍʕīf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُضَعِّف muḍaʕʕif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُضَعَّف muḍaʕʕaf
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ضَعَّفْتُ ḍaʕʕaftu	ضَعَّفْتَ ḍaʕʕafta	ضَعَّفَ ḍaʕʕafa		ضَعَّفْتُمَا ḍaʕʕaftumā	ضَعَّفَا ḍaʕʕafā		ضَعَّفْنَا ḍaʕʕafnā	ضَعَّفْتُمْ ḍaʕʕaftum	ضَعَّفُوا ḍaʕʕafū
	f		ضَعَّفْتِ ḍaʕʕafti	ضَعَّفَتْ ḍaʕʕafat			ضَعَّفَتَا ḍaʕʕafatā			ضَعَّفْتُنَّ ḍaʕʕaftunna	ضَعَّفْنَ ḍaʕʕafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُضَعِّفُ ʔuḍaʕʕifu	تُضَعِّفُ tuḍaʕʕifu	يُضَعِّفُ yuḍaʕʕifu		تُضَعِّفَانِ tuḍaʕʕifāni	يُضَعِّفَانِ yuḍaʕʕifāni		نُضَعِّفُ nuḍaʕʕifu	تُضَعِّفُونَ tuḍaʕʕifūna	يُضَعِّفُونَ yuḍaʕʕifūna
	f		تُضَعِّفِينَ tuḍaʕʕifīna	تُضَعِّفُ tuḍaʕʕifu			تُضَعِّفَانِ tuḍaʕʕifāni			تُضَعِّفْنَ tuḍaʕʕifna	يُضَعِّفْنَ yuḍaʕʕifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُضَعِّفَ ʔuḍaʕʕifa	تُضَعِّفَ tuḍaʕʕifa	يُضَعِّفَ yuḍaʕʕifa		تُضَعِّفَا tuḍaʕʕifā	يُضَعِّفَا yuḍaʕʕifā		نُضَعِّفَ nuḍaʕʕifa	تُضَعِّفُوا tuḍaʕʕifū	يُضَعِّفُوا yuḍaʕʕifū
	f		تُضَعِّفِي tuḍaʕʕifī	تُضَعِّفَ tuḍaʕʕifa			تُضَعِّفَا tuḍaʕʕifā			تُضَعِّفْنَ tuḍaʕʕifna	يُضَعِّفْنَ yuḍaʕʕifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُضَعِّفْ ʔuḍaʕʕif	تُضَعِّفْ tuḍaʕʕif	يُضَعِّفْ yuḍaʕʕif		تُضَعِّفَا tuḍaʕʕifā	يُضَعِّفَا yuḍaʕʕifā		نُضَعِّفْ nuḍaʕʕif	تُضَعِّفُوا tuḍaʕʕifū	يُضَعِّفُوا yuḍaʕʕifū
	f		تُضَعِّفِي tuḍaʕʕifī	تُضَعِّفْ tuḍaʕʕif			تُضَعِّفَا tuḍaʕʕifā			تُضَعِّفْنَ tuḍaʕʕifna	يُضَعِّفْنَ yuḍaʕʕifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ضَعِّفْ ḍaʕʕif			ضَعِّفَا ḍaʕʕifā				ضَعِّفُوا ḍaʕʕifū
	f		ضَعِّفِي ḍaʕʕifī							ضَعِّفْنَ ḍaʕʕifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ضُعِّفْتُ ḍuʕʕiftu	ضُعِّفْتَ ḍuʕʕifta	ضُعِّفَ ḍuʕʕifa		ضُعِّفْتُمَا ḍuʕʕiftumā	ضُعِّفَا ḍuʕʕifā		ضُعِّفْنَا ḍuʕʕifnā	ضُعِّفْتُمْ ḍuʕʕiftum	ضُعِّفُوا ḍuʕʕifū
	f		ضُعِّفْتِ ḍuʕʕifti	ضُعِّفَتْ ḍuʕʕifat			ضُعِّفَتَا ḍuʕʕifatā			ضُعِّفْتُنَّ ḍuʕʕiftunna	ضُعِّفْنَ ḍuʕʕifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُضَعَّفُ ʔuḍaʕʕafu	تُضَعَّفُ tuḍaʕʕafu	يُضَعَّفُ yuḍaʕʕafu		تُضَعَّفَانِ tuḍaʕʕafāni	يُضَعَّفَانِ yuḍaʕʕafāni		نُضَعَّفُ nuḍaʕʕafu	تُضَعَّفُونَ tuḍaʕʕafūna	يُضَعَّفُونَ yuḍaʕʕafūna
	f		تُضَعَّفِينَ tuḍaʕʕafīna	تُضَعَّفُ tuḍaʕʕafu			تُضَعَّفَانِ tuḍaʕʕafāni			تُضَعَّفْنَ tuḍaʕʕafna	يُضَعَّفْنَ yuḍaʕʕafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُضَعَّفَ ʔuḍaʕʕafa	تُضَعَّفَ tuḍaʕʕafa	يُضَعَّفَ yuḍaʕʕafa		تُضَعَّفَا tuḍaʕʕafā	يُضَعَّفَا yuḍaʕʕafā		نُضَعَّفَ nuḍaʕʕafa	تُضَعَّفُوا tuḍaʕʕafū	يُضَعَّفُوا yuḍaʕʕafū
	f		تُضَعَّفِي tuḍaʕʕafī	تُضَعَّفَ tuḍaʕʕafa			تُضَعَّفَا tuḍaʕʕafā			تُضَعَّفْنَ tuḍaʕʕafna	يُضَعَّفْنَ yuḍaʕʕafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُضَعَّفْ ʔuḍaʕʕaf	تُضَعَّفْ tuḍaʕʕaf	يُضَعَّفْ yuḍaʕʕaf		تُضَعَّفَا tuḍaʕʕafā	يُضَعَّفَا yuḍaʕʕafā		نُضَعَّفْ nuḍaʕʕaf	تُضَعَّفُوا tuḍaʕʕafū	يُضَعَّفُوا yuḍaʕʕafū
	f		تُضَعَّفِي tuḍaʕʕafī	تُضَعَّفْ tuḍaʕʕaf			تُضَعَّفَا tuḍaʕʕafā			تُضَعَّفْنَ tuḍaʕʕafna	يُضَعَّفْنَ yuḍaʕʕafna

    Conjugation of ضَعَّفَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَضْعِيف)

Etymology 2

Noun

ضُعْف • (ḍuʕf) m

1. verbal noun of ضَعُفَ (ḍaʕufa) (form I)
2. weakness

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ضُعْف ḍuʕf	الضُّعْف aḍ-ḍuʕf	ضُعْف ḍuʕf
Nominative	ضُعْفٌ ḍuʕfun	الضُّعْفُ aḍ-ḍuʕfu	ضُعْفُ ḍuʕfu
Accusative	ضُعْفًا ḍuʕfan	الضُّعْفَ aḍ-ḍuʕfa	ضُعْفَ ḍuʕfa
Genitive	ضُعْفٍ ḍuʕfin	الضُّعْفِ aḍ-ḍuʕfi	ضُعْفِ ḍuʕfi

Declension of noun ضُعْف (ḍuʕf)

Etymology 3

Noun

ضَعْف • (ḍaʕf) m

1. verbal noun of ضَعُفَ (ḍaʕufa) (form I)
2. weakness

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ضَعْف ḍaʕf	الضَّعْف aḍ-ḍaʕf	ضَعْف ḍaʕf
Nominative	ضَعْفٌ ḍaʕfun	الضَّعْفُ aḍ-ḍaʕfu	ضَعْفُ ḍaʕfu
Accusative	ضَعْفًا ḍaʕfan	الضَّعْفَ aḍ-ḍaʕfa	ضَعْفَ ḍaʕfa
Genitive	ضَعْفٍ ḍaʕfin	الضَّعْفِ aḍ-ḍaʕfi	ضَعْفِ ḍaʕfi

Declension of noun ضَعْف (ḍaʕf)

Descendants

• Ottoman Turkish: ضعف
  • Turkish: zaaf

Noun

ضِعْفٌ • (ḍiʕfun) m (plural أَضْعَاف (ʔaḍʕāf))

1. double
2. a multiple, (after numerals) -fold
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:265:

     وَمَثَلُ ٱلَّذِینَ یُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَ ٰ⁠لَهُمُ ٱبۡتِغَاۤءَ مَرۡضَاتِ ٱللَّهِ وَتَثۡبِیتࣰا مِّنۡ أَنفُسِهِمۡ كَمَثَلِ جَنَّةِۭ بِرَبۡوَةٍ أَصَابَهَا وَابِلࣱ فَـَٔاتَتۡ أُكُلَهَا ضِعۡفَیۡنِ فَإِن لَّمۡ یُصِبۡهَا وَابِلࣱ فَطَلࣱّۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِیرٌ

     wamaṯalu llaḏīna yunfiqūna ʔamwālahumu btiḡāʔa marḍāti l-lahi wataṯbītan min ʔanfusihim kamaṯali jannatim birabwatin ʔaṣābahā wābilun faʔātat ʔukulahā ḍiʕfayni faʔin lam yuṣibhā wābilun faṭallun wal-lahu bimā taʕmalūna baṣīrun

     And the example of those who donate their wealth, seeking Allah’s pleasure and believing the reward is certain,1 is that of a garden on a fertile hill: when heavy rain falls, it yields up twice its normal produce. If no heavy rain falls, a drizzle is sufficient. And Allah is All-Seeing of what you do. — Translated by Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran

   • The New Testament, Mark 10:30

     إِلاَّ نالَ الآنَ في هٰذهِ الدُّنْيا مائةَ ضِعْفٍ مِنَ البُيوتِ والإِخوَةِ والأَخَواتِ والأُمَّهاتِ والبَنينَ والحُقولِ مع الاِضطِهادات، ونالَ في الآخِرَةِ الحَياةَ الأَبَدِيَّة.

     who will not receive one hundred times as much, now in this time: houses, and brothers, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and land, with persecutions, and in the future age eternal life.

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ضِعْف ḍiʕf	الضِّعْف aḍ-ḍiʕf	ضِعْف ḍiʕf
Nominative	ضِعْفٌ ḍiʕfun	الضِّعْفُ aḍ-ḍiʕfu	ضِعْفُ ḍiʕfu
Accusative	ضِعْفًا ḍiʕfan	الضِّعْفَ aḍ-ḍiʕfa	ضِعْفَ ḍiʕfa
Genitive	ضِعْفٍ ḍiʕfin	الضِّعْفِ aḍ-ḍiʕfi	ضِعْفِ ḍiʕfi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ضِعْفَيْن ḍiʕfayn	الضِّعْفَيْن aḍ-ḍiʕfayn	ضِعْفَيْ ḍiʕfay
Nominative	ضِعْفَانِ ḍiʕfāni	الضِّعْفَانِ aḍ-ḍiʕfāni	ضِعْفَا ḍiʕfā
Accusative	ضِعْفَيْنِ ḍiʕfayni	الضِّعْفَيْنِ aḍ-ḍiʕfayni	ضِعْفَيْ ḍiʕfay
Genitive	ضِعْفَيْنِ ḍiʕfayni	الضِّعْفَيْنِ aḍ-ḍiʕfayni	ضِعْفَيْ ḍiʕfay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَضْعَاف ʔaḍʕāf	الْأَضْعَاف al-ʔaḍʕāf	أَضْعَاف ʔaḍʕāf
Nominative	أَضْعَافٌ ʔaḍʕāfun	الْأَضْعَافُ al-ʔaḍʕāfu	أَضْعَافُ ʔaḍʕāfu
Accusative	أَضْعَافًا ʔaḍʕāfan	الْأَضْعَافَ al-ʔaḍʕāfa	أَضْعَافَ ʔaḍʕāfa
Genitive	أَضْعَافٍ ʔaḍʕāfin	الْأَضْعَافِ al-ʔaḍʕāfi	أَضْعَافِ ʔaḍʕāfi

Declension of noun ضِعْف (ḍiʕf)

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ضَعْف (ḍaʕf, “weakness”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [zaʔf]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäʔf]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäʔf]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zɑːf]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zɔːf]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zæʔf]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zäʔf]

Readings
Classical reading?	za'f
Dari reading?	za'f
Iranian reading?	za'f
Tajik reading?	zaʾf

Noun

Dari	ضعف
Iranian Persian
Tajik	заъф

ضعف • (za'f)

1. weakness

Related terms

• ضعیف (za'if)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ض ع ف
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic ضَعُفَ (ḍaʕufa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤi.ʕif/, [ˈdˤi.ʕɪf]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

ضعف • (ḍiʕif) I (present بضعف (biḍʕaf))

1. to become weak
2. to lose weight

   Antonym: نصح (niṣiḥ)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ضعف (ḍiʕif)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ضعفت (ḍʕift)	ضعفت (ḍʕift)	ضعف (ḍiʕif)		ضعفنا (ḍʕifna)	ضعفتو (ḍʕiftu)	ضعفو (ḍiʕfu)
	f		ضعفتي (ḍʕifti)	ضعفت (ḍiʕfat)
present	m	بضعف (baḍʕaf)	بتضعف (btiḍʕaf)	بضعف (biḍʕaf)		منضعف (mniḍʕaf)	بتضعفو (btiḍʕafu)	بضعفو (biḍʕafu)
	f		بتضعفي (btiḍʕafi)	بتضعف (btiḍʕaf)
subjunctive	m	أضعف (ʔaḍʕaf)	تضعف (tiḍʕaf)	يضعف (yiḍʕaf)		نضعف (niḍʕaf)	تضعفو (tiḍʕafu)	يضعفو (yiḍʕafu)
	f		تضعفي (tiḍʕafi)	تضعف (tiḍʕaf)
imperative	m		اضعف (iḍʕaf)				اضعفو (iḍʕafu)
	f		اضعفي (iḍʕafi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic ضَعَّفَ (ḍaʕʕafa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤaʕ.ʕaf/, [ˈdˤɑʕ.ʕɑf]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

ضعّف • (ḍaʕʕaf) II (present بضعّف (biḍaʕʕef))

1. to weaken, to lighten

Conjugation

Conjugation of ضعّف (ḍaʕʕaf)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ضعّفت (ḍaʕʕaft)	ضعّفت (ḍaʕʕaft)	ضعّف (ḍaʕʕaf)		ضعّفنا (ḍaʕʕafna)	ضعّفتو (ḍaʕʕaftu)	ضعّفو (ḍaʕʕafu)
	f		ضعّفتي (ḍaʕʕafti)	ضعّفت (ḍaʕʕafat)
present	m	بضعّف (baḍaʕʕef)	بتضعّف (bitḍaʕʕef)	بضعّف (biḍaʕʕef)		منضعّف (minḍaʕʕef)	بتضعّفو (bitḍaʕʕfu)	بضعّفو (biḍaʕʕfu)
	f		بتضعّفي (bitḍaʕʕfi)	بتضعّف (bitḍaʕʕef)
subjunctive	m	اضعّف (aḍaʕʕef)	تضعّف (tḍaʕʕef)	يضعّف (yḍaʕʕef)		نضعّف (nḍaʕʕef)	تضعّفو (tḍaʕʕfu)	يضعّفو (yḍaʕʕfu)
	f		تضعّفي (tḍaʕʕfi)	تضعّف (tḍaʕʕef)
imperative	m		ضعّف (ḍaʕʕef)				ضعّفو (ḍaʕʕfu)
	f		ضعّفي (ḍaʕʕfi)