اندام

Persian

Alternative forms

• هندام (handâm or hendâm)

Etymology

Akin to Middle Persian hndʾm (handām, “member, limb”) (whence هندام (handâm)), Manichaean Parthian [Manichaean needed] (hndʾm /⁠handām⁠/, “limb, member; part, section”), Northern Kurdish hinav (“organ”), Central Kurdish هەناو (henaw, “organ”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬁𐬨𐬀 (haṇdāma, “limb”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put”) + *-mn̥.

Compare also Arabic هِنْدَام (hindām) (whence هندام (hendâm)), Old Armenian անդամ (andam), Classical Mandaic ࡄࡀࡍࡃࡀࡌࡀ (handāmā), Aramaic הדמא (haddāmā), Classical Syriac ܗܕܡܐ (haddāmā), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔan.ˈdɑːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔän̪.d̪ɑ́ːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔän̪.d̪ɑ́ːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔän̪.d̪ɑ́ːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔän̪.d̪ɔ́ːm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæn̪.d̪ɒ́ːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔän̪.d̪ɔ́m]

Readings
Classical reading?	andām
Dari reading?	andām
Iranian reading?	andâm
Tajik reading?	andom

Noun

Dari	اندام
Iranian Persian
Tajik	андом

اندام • (andâm) (plural اندام‌ها (andâm-hâ))

1. limb
2. organ
3. body, figure
4. (archaic) symmetry, order, arrangement

Derived terms

• اندامی (andâmi)
• خوش‌اندام (xoš-andâm)
• درشت‌اندام (dorošt-andâm)
• میانه‌اندام (miyâne-andâm)
• عرض اندام ('arz-e andâm)
  • عرض اندام کردن ('arz-e andâm kardan)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: əndam
• → Ottoman Turkish: اندام (endam)
  • Turkish: endam

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “اندام”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “handām”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 41
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “անդամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 187b
• Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 864