תורה

See also: תּורה

Hebrew

Etymology

Root
י־ר־ה (y-r-h)

Representing a *tawrawat- prefixed from Proto-West Semitic *waraw- (“to throw, cast, lead, guide”).^[1] Compare Aramaic אוֹרַיְתָא (ʾōrayṯā), Ge'ez ኦሪት (ʾorit).

Pronunciation

• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /toˈʁa/
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /tow.rɔ/, /toj.rɔ/
• (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /t̪oˈɾa/
• (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /tøˈrɔ/
• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /toˈʀɔ/, [tʰoːˈʀ̟ɔː]
• (Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /t̪oːˈraː/

• Audio:

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Noun

תּוֹרָה • (torá) f (plural indefinite תּוֹרוֹת, singular construct תּוֹרַת־, plural construct תּוֹרוֹת־)

1. instruction, teaching
2. Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures, attributed to Moses and therefore also known as the Five Books of Moses). Also known as the Law, the Pentateuch.
   • Tanach, Joshua 1:7, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     רַק חֲזַק וֶאֱמַץ מְאֹד לִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּכָל הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ מֹשֶׁה עַבְדִּי אַל תָּסוּר מִמֶּנּוּ יָמִין וּשְׂמֹאול לְמַעַן תַּשְׂכִּיל בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ׃

     Only be strong and very courageous, to observe to do according to all the law, which Moses My servant commanded thee; turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest have good success whithersoever thou goest.

3. (Judaism) the Written Torah and Oral Torah; the Tanakh and Talmud
   • Tanach, Proverbs 31:26:

     פִּיהָ פָּתְחָה בְחָכְמָה וְתוֹרַת חֶסֶד עַל לְשׁוֹנָהּ׃

     She speaks with wisdom, and faithful instruction is on her tongue.

4. theory

   תורת הקבוצות ― torát hak'vutsót ― set theory

   תורת היחסות ― torát hayakhasút ― the theory of relativity

   תורות הגזע ― torót hagéza ― racial theories

Derived terms

• דבר תורה
• מַתַּן תּוֹרָה (matán torá)
• ספר תורה
• שִׂמְחַת תּוֹרָה (simkhát torá)
• תורה שבכתב
• תורה שבעל־פה
• תּוֹרָנִי
• תּוֹרַת הָאִינְפוֹרְמַצְיָה (torát hainformátsya)
• תּוֹרַת הַקְּבוּצוֹת (torát hak'vutsót)
• תלמוד תורה

Descendants

• → Arabic: التَّوْرَاة (at-tawrāh)
• → Catalan: Torà
• → Chinese: 妥拉 (Tuǒlā)
• → Czech: Tóra
• → English: Torah
• → Esperanto: Torao
• → French: Thora
• → Hungarian: Tóra
• → Interlingua: Torah
• → Italian: Torà
• → Ladino: תורה, tora
• → Polish: Tora
• → Portuguese: Torá
• → Spanish: Torá
• → Yiddish: תּורה (toyre)

See also

• תנ״ך
• כתובים

References

1. Huehnergard, John. "Proto-Semitic Language and Culture; Semitic Roots" in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English language, Fifth Edition, 2011, p. 2066-2067

Ladino

Etymology

From Hebrew תורה (torá).

Proper noun

תורה (Hebrew spelling, Latin spelling tora)

1. (Judaism) Torah

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew תּוֹרָה (tōrā).

Proper noun

תורה • (torâ)

1. (Judeo-Persian) the Torah
   • 1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

     וֿלי כֿייר וצוֿאב ועלם תורה‬
     ‮רוֿד המראה וֿיי תא נזד יך תא

     vali xeyr o savâb o elm-e torâ
     ravad hamrâh-e vey tâ nazd-e yek tâ

     But kindness, good deeds and the knowledge of the Torah
     Will accompany him all the way to God.