πυρήν

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From πῡρός (pūrós, “grain of wheat”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pyː.rɛ̌ːn/ → /pyˈrin/ → /piˈrin/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pyː.rɛ̌ːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pyˈre̝n/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pyˈrin/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pyˈrin/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /piˈrin/

Noun

πῡρήν • (pūrḗn) m (genitive πῡρῆνος); third declension

1. (botany) kernel, pip, stone
2. hard bone of fishes
3. grain of frankincense
4. round head of a probe
5. name of a gem used as a votive offering
6. growth under the chin of an animal

Inflection

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πῡρήν ho pūrḗn	τὼ πῡρῆνε tṑ pūrêne	οἱ πῡρῆνες hoi pūrênes
Genitive	τοῦ πῡρῆνος toû pūrênos	τοῖν πῡρήνοιν toîn pūrḗnoin	τῶν πῡρήνων tôn pūrḗnōn
Dative	τῷ πῡρῆνῐ tôi pūrênĭ	τοῖν πῡρήνοιν toîn pūrḗnoin	τοῖς πῡρῆσῐ / πῡρῆσῐν toîs pūrêsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν πῡρῆνᾰ tòn pūrênă	τὼ πῡρῆνε tṑ pūrêne	τοὺς πῡρῆνᾰς toùs pūrênăs
Vocative	πῡρήν pūrḗn	πῡρῆνε pūrêne	πῡρῆνες pūrênes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ὁ πῡρήν; τοῦ πῡρῆνος (Attic)

Derived terms

• ἀπῡ́ρηνος (apū́rēnos)
• πῡρηνᾰ́δες (pūrēnắdes)
• πῡρηνῐ́δῐον (pūrēnĭ́dĭon)
• πῡρήνῐον (pūrḗnĭon)
• πῡρηνοειδής (pūrēnoeidḗs)
• πῡρηνώδης (pūrēnṓdēs)

 

Descendants

• Greek: πυρήνας (pyrínas)
• → English: pyrena

Further reading

• “πυρήν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πυρήν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• πυρήν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • grain idem, page 369.
  • kernel idem, page 468.
  • pip idem, page 614.
  • stone idem, page 819.