γηθέω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• γᾱθέω (gāthéō), γᾱ́θω (gā́thō) — Doric
• γήθω (gḗthō)

Etymology

Because of Latin gaudeō (“I rejoice”), a pre-form *γαϝ-εθ-έω (*gaw-eth-éō) was reconstructed, but the contraction then would have to have been very early and have spread even to the perfect. Recently, the word has been compared with Tocharian A kātk- (“to be glad”), which has yielded the Proto-Indo-European reconstruction *geh₂dʰ- (“to rejoice”) for Greek. The same root is found in γαίω (gaíō, “to rejoice”), γάνυμαι (gánumai, “to be glad”), γαῦρος (gaûros, “conceited, arrogant”).^[1]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡɛː.tʰé.ɔː/ → /ʝiˈθe.o/ → /ʝiˈθe.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡɛː.tʰé.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡe̝ˈtʰe.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ʝiˈθe.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ʝiˈθe.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ʝiˈθe.o/

Verb

γηθέω • (gēthéō)

1. to rejoice, be glad
2. to exult, triumph

Conjugation

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γηθέω	γηθέεις	γηθέει	γηθέετον	γηθέετον	γηθέομεν	γηθέετε	γηθέουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	γηθέω	γηθέῃς	γηθέῃ	γηθέητον	γηθέητον	γηθέωμεν	γηθέητε	γηθέωσῐ(ν)
	optative	γηθέοιμῐ	γηθέοις	γηθέοι	γηθέοιτον	γηθεοίτην	γηθέοιμεν	γηθέοιτε	γηθέοιεν
	imperative		γήθεε	γηθεέτω	γηθέετον	γηθεέτων		γηθέετε	γηθεόντων
		active
infinitive		γηθέειν
participle	m	γηθέων
	f	γηθέουσᾰ
	n	γηθέον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: γηθέω (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γηθῶ	γηθεῖς	γηθεῖ	γηθεῖτον	γηθεῖτον	γηθοῦμεν	γηθεῖτε	γηθοῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	γηθῶ	γηθῇς	γηθῇ	γηθῆτον	γηθῆτον	γηθῶμεν	γηθῆτε	γηθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	γηθοίην, γηθοῖμῐ	γηθοίης, γηθοῖς	γηθοίη, γηθοῖ	γηθοῖτον, γηθοίητον	γηθοίτην, γηθοιήτην	γηθοῖμεν, γηθοίημεν	γηθοῖτε, γηθοίητε	γηθοῖεν, γηθοίησᾰν
	imperative		γήθει	γηθείτω	γηθεῖτον	γηθείτων		γηθεῖτε	γηθούντων
		active
infinitive		γηθεῖν
participle	m	γηθῶν
	f	γηθοῦσᾰ
	n	γηθοῦν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: γηθῶ (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐγήθεον	ἐγήθεες	ἐγήθεε(ν)	ἐγηθέετον	ἐγηθεέτην	ἐγηθέομεν	ἐγηθέετε	ἐγήθεον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐγήθεον (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐγήθουν	ἐγήθεις	ἐγήθει	ἐγηθεῖτον	ἐγηθείτην	ἐγηθοῦμεν	ἐγηθεῖτε	ἐγήθουν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐγήθουν (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γηθήσω	γηθήσεις	γηθήσει	γηθήσετον	γηθήσετον	γηθήσομεν	γηθήσετε	γηθήσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	γηθήσοιμῐ	γηθήσοις	γηθήσοι	γηθήσοιτον	γηθησοίτην	γηθήσοιμεν	γηθήσοιτε	γηθήσοιεν
		active
infinitive		γηθήσειν
participle	m	γηθήσων
	f	γηθήσουσᾰ
	n	γηθῆσον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: γηθήσω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐγήθησᾰ	ἐγήθησᾰς	ἐγήθησε(ν)	ἐγηθήσᾰτον	ἐγηθησᾰ́την	ἐγηθήσᾰμεν	ἐγηθήσᾰτε	ἐγήθησᾰν
	subjunctive	γηθήσω	γηθήσῃς	γηθήσῃ	γηθήσητον	γηθήσητον	γηθήσωμεν	γηθήσητε	γηθήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	γηθήσαιμῐ	γηθήσειᾰς, γηθήσαις	γηθήσειε(ν), γηθήσαι	γηθήσαιτον	γηθησαίτην	γηθήσαιμεν	γηθήσαιτε	γηθήσειᾰν, γηθήσαιεν
	imperative		γήθησον	γηθησᾰ́τω	γηθήσᾰτον	γηθησᾰ́των		γηθήσᾰτε	γηθησᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		γηθῆσαι
participle	m	γηθήσᾱς
	f	γηθήσᾱσᾰ
	n	γηθῆσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἐγήθησᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γήθησᾰ	γήθησᾰς	γήθησε(ν)	γηθήσᾰτον	γηθησᾰ́την	γηθήσᾰμεν	γηθήσᾰτε	γήθησᾰν
	subjunctive	γηθήσω, γηθήσωμῐ	γηθήσῃς, γηθήσῃσθᾰ	γηθήσῃ, γηθήσῃσῐ	γηθήσητον	γηθήσητον	γηθήσωμεν	γηθήσητε	γηθήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	γηθήσαιμῐ	γηθήσαις, γηθήσαισθᾰ, γηθήσειᾰς	γηθήσειε(ν), γηθήσαι	γηθησεῖτον	γηθησείτην	γηθησεῖμεν	γηθησεῖτε	γηθησεῖεν
	imperative		γήθησον	γηθησᾰ́τω	γηθήσᾰτον	γηθησᾰ́των		γηθήσᾰτε	γηθησᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		γηθῆσαι/γηθησᾰ́μεν/γηθησᾰμέναι
participle	m	γηθήσᾱς
	f	γηθήσᾱσᾰ
	n	γηθῆσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: γήθησᾰ (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γᾱ́θητᾰ	γᾱ́θητᾰς	γᾱ́θητε(ν)	γᾱθήτᾰτον	γᾱθητᾰ́τᾱν	γᾱθήτᾰμες	γᾱθήτᾰτε	γᾱ́θητᾰν
	subjunctive	γᾱθήτω	γᾱθήτῃς	γᾱθήτῃ	γᾱθήτητον	γᾱθήτητον	γᾱθήτωμες	γᾱθήτητε	γᾱθητέωντῐ
	optative	γᾱθήταιμῐ	γᾱθήταις	γᾱθήται	γᾱθητεῖτον	γᾱθητείτᾱν	γᾱθητεῖμες	γᾱθητεῖτε	γᾱθητεῖεν
	imperative		γᾱ́θητον	γᾱθητᾰ́τω	γᾱθήτᾰτον	γᾱθητᾰ́των		γᾱθήτᾰτε	γᾱθητᾰ́ντω
		active
infinitive		γᾱθητῆμεν
participle	m	γᾱθήτᾱς
	f	γᾱθήτᾱσᾰ
	n	γᾱθῆτᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: γᾱ́θητᾰ (Doric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γέγηθᾰ	γέγηθᾰς	γέγηθε(ν)	γεγήθᾰτον	γεγήθᾰτον	γεγήθᾰμεν	γεγήθᾰτε	γεγήθᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	γεγήθω	γεγήθῃς	γεγήθῃ	γεγήθητον	γεγήθητον	γεγήθωμεν	γεγήθητε	γεγήθωσῐ(ν)
	optative	γεγήθοιμῐ, γεγηθοίην	γεγήθοις, γεγηθοίης	γεγήθοι, γεγηθοίη	γεγήθοιτον	γεγηθοίτην	γεγήθοιμεν	γεγήθοιτε	γεγήθοιεν
	imperative		γέγηθε	γεγηθέτω	γεγήθετον	γεγηθέτων		γεγήθετε	γεγηθόντων
		active
infinitive		γεγηθέναι
participle	m	γεγηθώς
	f	γεγηθυῖᾰ
	n	γεγηθός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: γέγηθᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γέγᾱθᾰ	γέγᾱθᾰς	γεγᾱ́θει	γεγᾱ́θᾰτον	γεγᾱ́θᾰτον	γεγᾱ́θᾰμες	γεγᾱ́θᾰτε	γεγᾱθᾰ́τι, γεγᾱ́θᾰντῐ
	subjunctive	γεγᾱ́θω	γεγᾱ́θῃς	γεγᾱ́θῃ	γεγᾱ́θητον	γεγᾱ́θητον	γεγᾱ́θωμες	γεγᾱ́θητε	γεγᾱ́θωντῐ
	optative	γεγᾱ́θοιμῐ, γεγᾱθοίην	γεγᾱ́θοις, γεγᾱθοίης	γεγᾱ́θοι, γεγᾱθοίη	γεγᾱ́θοιτον	γεγᾱθοίτᾱν	γεγᾱ́θοιμες	γεγᾱ́θοιτε	γεγᾱ́θοιεν
	imperative		γέγᾱθε	γεγᾱθέτω	γεγᾱ́θετον	γεγᾱθέτων		γεγᾱ́θετε	γεγᾱθόντω
		active
infinitive		γεγᾱθέναι
participle	m	γεγᾱθώς
	f	γεγᾱθυῖᾰ
	n	γεγᾱθός
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: γέγᾱθᾰ (Doric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐγεγήθειν, ἐγεγήθη	ἐγεγήθεις, ἐγεγήθης	ἐγεγήθει(ν)	ἐγεγήθετον	ἐγεγηθέτην	ἐγεγήθεμεν	ἐγεγήθετε	ἐγεγήθεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐγεγήθειν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γεγήθειν, γεγήθη	γεγήθεις, γεγήθης	γεγήθει(ν)	γεγήθετον	γεγηθέτην	γεγήθεμεν	γεγήθετε	γεγήθεσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: γεγήθειν (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γεγᾱ́θειν, γεγᾱ́θη	γεγᾱ́θεις, γεγᾱ́θης	γεγᾱ́θῑ	γεγᾱ́θετον	γεγᾱθέτᾱν	γεγᾱ́θεμεν	γεγᾱ́θετε	γέγᾱθεν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: γεγᾱ́θειν (Boeotian)

Derived terms

• γηθᾰλέος (gēthăléos)
• γῆθος (gêthos)
• γηθοσῠ́νη (gēthosŭ́nē)
• γηθόσῠνος (gēthósŭnos)
• ἐπῐγηθέω (epĭgēthéō)

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γηθέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 270

Further reading

• “γηθέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γηθέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “γηθέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• γηθέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γηθέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• γηθέω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • exult idem, page 298.
  • rejoice idem, page 689.
  • triumph idem, page 896.