βάθος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• βένθος (bénthos) — Poetic

Etymology

From βαθύς (bathús, “deep”) +‎ -ος (-os), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂dʰ- (“to sink, submerge”).^[1]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /bá.tʰos/ → /ˈβa.θos/ → /ˈva.θos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /bá.tʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈba.tʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈβa.θos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈva.θos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈva.θos/

Noun

βᾰ́θος • (báthos) n (genitive βᾰ́θους or βᾰ́θεος); third declension

1. extension in space: depth, height, breadth, fullness
2. profundity

Inflection

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ βᾰ́θος tò báthos	τὼ βᾰ́θει tṑ báthei	τᾰ̀ βᾰ́θη tà báthē
Genitive	τοῦ βᾰ́θους toû báthous	τοῖν βᾰθοῖν toîn bathoîn	τῶν βᾰθῶν tôn bathôn
Dative	τῷ βᾰ́θει tôi báthei	τοῖν βᾰθοῖν toîn bathoîn	τοῖς βᾰ́θεσῐ / βᾰ́θεσῐν toîs báthesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ βᾰ́θος tò báthos	τὼ βᾰ́θει tṑ báthei	τᾰ̀ βᾰ́θη tà báthē
Vocative	βᾰ́θος báthos	βᾰ́θει báthei	βᾰ́θη báthē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ βᾰ́θος; τοῦ βᾰ́θους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ βᾰ́θος tò báthos	τὼ βᾰ́θει / βᾰ́θεε tṑ báthei / báthee	τᾰ̀ βᾰ́θεᾰ tà báthea
Genitive	τοῦ βᾰ́θεος / βᾰ́θευς toû bátheos / bátheus	τοῖν βᾰθέοιν toîn bathéoin	τῶν βᾰθέων tôn bathéōn
Dative	τῷ βᾰ́θει / βᾰ́θεῐ̈ tôi báthei / bátheï	τοῖν βᾰθέοιν toîn bathéoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν βᾰ́θεσῐ / βᾰ́θεσῐν toîsi(n) báthesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ βᾰ́θος tò báthos	τὼ βᾰ́θει / βᾰ́θεε tṑ báthei / báthee	τᾰ̀ βᾰ́θεᾰ tà báthea
Vocative	βᾰ́θος báthos	βᾰ́θει / βᾰ́θεε báthei / báthee	βᾰ́θεᾰ báthea
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of τὸ βᾰ́θος; τοῦ βᾰ́θεος (Ionic)

Descendants

• Greek: βάθος n (váthos, “rank, grade”)

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βαθύς (> DER > βάθος)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 191

Further reading

• “βάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “βάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• βάθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• βάθος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G899 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • abyss idem, page 5.
  • depth idem, page 213.
  • gulf idem, page 379.
  • profundity idem, page 653.
  • yawning idem, page 995.

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάθος (báthos).^[1]

Noun

βάθος • (váthos) n (plural βάθη)

1. (dimension) bottom, depth (of sea, etc)

   Η λίμνη έχει μεγάλο βάθος. ― I límni échei megálo váthos. ― The lake is very deep.

2. (dimension) depth (of a cave, well, etc)

   Το σπήλαιο έχει ανυπολόγιστο βάθος. ― To spílaio échei anypológisto váthos. ― The cave has an unknown depth.

3. (figuratively) profundity, background (of character)

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	βάθος •	βάθη •
genitive	βάθους •	βαθών •
accusative	βάθος •	βάθη •
vocative	βάθος •	βάθη •

Declension of βάθος

Derived terms

• κατά βάθος (katá váthos)

 

Related terms

• compare with: βαθύς (vathýs, “deep”, adjective)

References

1. βάθος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language