þes

See also: yes, thes, and thés

Middle English

Alternative forms

• thes

Etymology 1

From Old English þēs, þēos, þis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /θeːs/, /ðeːs/, /ˈθeːz(ə)/, /ˈðeːz(ə)/

Determiner

þes

1. these

Alternative forms

• þese, þece, þez, þeze, þeis, þeise, þis, þise, þeys, þeyse, þys, þyse, dese, dyse, þiȝe, þyȝe, tys, yece, yese, yesse, yeis, yeys, yeise, yeyse, yeus, yhese, yise, yisse, yies, yiese, ȝese, ȝeyse, ȝise, ȝyse
• þies, þiese, þyes, þyese (Northern); þiez, yes, yis, þyez (East Anglia); þeos, þeose (West Midland); þeos, þeose (Southwest Midland); þæs (early Southwest Midland); þeus, þeuse, þus, þuse (Southwest)
• tes (Early Middle English, following t); teos (early Southwest, following d)

Pronoun

þes

1. these

Alternative forms

• þese, þesse, þez, þeis, þeise, þis, þise, þies, þiese, þiez, þeys, þeyse, þys, þyse, þyes, þyese, þyez
• þeos, þeose, þuse, þeus, þues (Southwest)
• þeos, þeose, þuse (Southwest Midland)

Descendants

• English: these
• Middle Scots: thais, thois, theis

References

• “thēs(e, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “thēs(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Determiner

þes

1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of þas (“the, that, this”)

Pronoun

þes

1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of þas (“of that, of this”)

Etymology 3

Determiner

þes

1. Alternative form of þis (“this”)

Pronoun

þes

1. Alternative form of þis (“this”)

Adverb

þes

1. Alternative form of þis (“this”)

Old English

Etymology

From West Germanic, the base being *þes-, from Proto-Germanic *þat.

Cognate with Old Frisian thīs, Old High German dese, Old Norse þessi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /θeːs/

Determiner

þēs (demonstrative)

1. this
   • 10th century, The Wanderer:

     Forþon iċ ġeþenċan ne mæġ · ġeond þās woruld
     for hwan mōdsefa(n) · mīn(ne) ġesweorce

     Thus I cannot think over through this world
     why would (not) my heart darken

Pronoun

þēs (demonstrative)

1. this

Declension

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	þēs	þēos	þis
Accusative	þisne	þās	þis
Genitive	þisses	þisse	þisses
Dative	þissum	þisse	þissum
Instrumental	þȳs	þisse	þȳs
		Plural
Nominative		þās
Accusative		þās
Genitive		þissa
Dative		þissum
Instrumental		þissum

Declension of þēs

In later language the feminine genitive, dative, and instrumental singular is also þissere, þisre, and the genitive plural is also þissera, þisra.

References