Zechariah 4 is the fourth of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[3] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. This chapter is a part of a section (so-called "First Zechariah") consisting of Zechariah 1–8.
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The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 14 verses.
The fifth of the eight visions uses the 'seal imagery' of the golden lamp and the olive-tree to symbolize joint leaders to do the works for God: Joshua the high priest and the Davidic governor Zerubbabel.
Verse 6
- So he answered and said to me:
- “This is the word of the Lord to Zerubbabel:
- ‘Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit,’
- Says the Lord of hosts."[14]
- "Not by might": Zerubabbel's work will be accomplished through the grace of God alone. Septuagint: "not by great might", but the Vulgate renders it: "not by an army". Zerubbabel might feel dispirited thinking how much there was to do with so few at his disposal (Nehemiah 4:2), and how formidable the opposition, so this message reassure him of the promise of Divine aid, knowing that God regards him precious (Haggai 2:23) as a servant of the Lord, and governor of Judah (Haggai 1:1).
- "But by my Spirit": the work is to be effected by the living Spirit (cf. Haggai 2:5) of God, unaffected by man's weakness, because God's might will bring strength out of weakness (Hosea 1:7; 2 Corinthians 12:10; Hebrews 11:34). Also in the might of God's Spirit He appointed in the Church "first Apostles, then prophets and evangelists" 1 Corinthians 12:28, 'filling them with divine gifts and enriching them by the influx of His Spirit'.
While the task to build the temple falls mainly on Zerubabbel, the two leaders are both 'anointed ones' (verse 14; lit. "sons of oil", from the same root as 'messiah').
Aleppo Codex (930) at present only contains Zechariah 9:17b–14:21.
Sources
- Barnes, Albert (1998) [1884]. "Zechariah 4". In James Murphy (ed.). Notes on the Bible (Reprint ed.). London: Blackie & Son – via Grand Rapids: Baker Books.
- Boda, Mark J. (2016). Harrison, R. K.; Hubbard, Jr, Robert L. (eds.). The Book of Zechariah. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0802823755.
- Collins, John J. (2014). Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451469233.
- Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810.
- Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice, eds. (1890). "On "Zechariah 4". The Pulpit Commentary.
- Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802862419.
- Gill, John (1763) [1746]. "Zechariah 4". Exposition of the Entire Bible.
- Hayes, Christine (2015). Introduction to the Bible. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300188271.
- Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David (1871). "Zechariah 4". Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible.
- Larkin, Katrina J. A. (2007). "37. Zechariah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 610–615. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- Mason, Rex (1993). "Zechariah, The Book of.". In Metzger, Bruce M; Coogan, Michael D (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195046458.
- Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
- Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.