Yurlunggur

For the Aboriginal deity also known as the Rainbow Serpent, see Julunggul.

Yurlunggur is a genus of fossil snake in the extinct family Madtsoiidae containing the species Yurlunggur camfieldensis known from the Oligocene and Miocene of Australia.^[1][2]

Yurlunggur Temporal range: Oligocene-Miocene, 23.03–11.608 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Family:	†Madtsoiidae
Genus:	†Yurlunggur Scanlon, 1992
Species:	†Y. camfieldensis
Binomial name
†Yurlunggur camfieldensis Scanlon, 1992[1]

Y. camfieldensis was a large apex predator that typically reached 4.5–6 m (15–20 ft) in length, with one vertebra from the Wyandotte Creek suggesting a maximum length of 7–8 m (23–26 ft).^[3][4] It is closely related to Wonambi naracoortensis, present in Australia during the Pleistocene.^[5]

The name of the genus is derived from traditional name given by the people of Arnhem Land to the Rainbow serpent. They closely resemble Varanus (monitors) more than small burrowing lizards. John Scanlon has presented this as evidence of descent from the former, rather than burrowing ancestors that evolved into the elongate and legless snakes. The fossil material described by this species includes a rare example of a complete skull and mandible, often crushed in the fossilisation process, that was preserved in the soft limestone of a body of fresh water. This was found at the Riversleigh fossil site in northwest Queensland.^[6][3]

In 2018, researchers have suggested that this genus was a fossorial or semi-fossorial animal.^[7]

References

1. J. D. Scanlon. 1992. A new large madtsoiid snake from the Miocene of the Northern Territory. The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 9(1):49-60 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. Yurlunggur in the Paleobiology Database
3. Scanlon, John D. (2006). "Skull of the large non-macrostomatan snake Yurlunggur from the Australian Oligo-Miocene". Nature. 439: 839–842. doi:10.1038/nature04137.
4. Scanlon, John D. (2014). "3 – Giant terrestrial reptilian carnivores of Cenozoic Australia". In Glen, A.S.; Dickman, C.R. (eds.). Carnivores of Australia: Past, Present and Future. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 29–53. ISBN 9780643103108.
5. Hutchinson, Mark N.; Stephen C. Donnellan (1993). "26. Biogeography and Phylogeny of the Squamata". In C.G.Glasby; G.J.B.Ross; P.L.Beesley (eds.). Amphibia and Reptilia (PDF). Fauna of Australia. Vol. 2A (Online ed.). Australian Government Publishing Service. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-644-32429-8.
6. Salleh, Anna (16 February 2006). "Huge skulls clues to snake evolution". ABC Science Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 31 January 2009.<paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=64893 Yurlunggur camfieldensis] in the Paleobiology Database
7. Alessandro Palci; Mark N. Hutchinson; Michael W. Caldwell; John D. Scanlon; Michael S. Y. Lee (2018). "Palaeoecological inferences for the fossil Australian snakes Yurlunggur and Wonambi (Serpentes, Madtsoiidae)". Royal Society Open Science. 5: 172012. doi:10.1098/rsos.172012. PMC 5882723.

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