Yongli

This article is about the era name of Zhu Youlang, the Southern Ming emperor. For the emperor who used this era name, see Yongli Emperor.

Yongli (5 February 1647 – 1 June 1662) was the era name of the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming. It was used for a total of 15 years.

Yongli
Traditional Chinese	永曆
Simplified Chinese	永历
Literal meaning	"perpetual calendar"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Yǒnglì Wade–Giles Yung-li Southern Min Hokkien POJ Éng-le̍k

Yongli Tongbao (永曆通寶) one fen copper coin

The Southern Ming was in use for fifteen years in mainland China, together with the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan, which continued to use the "Yongli" era name until 8 October 1683 (Yongli 37, 18th day of the 8th month), when Zheng Keshuang surrendered to the Qing.^[1]

On 22 January 1662 (Yongli 15, 3rd day of the 12th month), the Burmese sent the Yongli Emperor to Wu Sangui's camp.^[2] On 1 June 1662 (Yongli 15, 15th day of the 4th month), the Yongli Emperor was hanged by Wu Sangui in Kunming, the Southern Ming officially perished, together with the 295-year history of the Ming dynasty, and officially ending nearly three hundred years of Ming rule.

Comparison table

Yongli	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
AD	1647	1648	1649	1650	1651	1652	1653	1654	1655	1656
Gānzhī 干支	Dīnghài 丁亥	Wùzǐ 戊子	Jǐchǒu 己丑	Gēngyín 庚寅	Xīnmǎo 辛卯	Rénchén 壬辰	Guǐsì 癸巳	Jiǎwǔ 甲午	Yǐwèi 乙未	Bǐngshēn 丙申
Yongli	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
AD	1657	1658	1659	1660	1661	1662	1663	1664	1665	1666
Gānzhī 干支	Dīngyǒu 丁酉	Wùxū 戊戌	Jǐhài 己亥	Gēngzǐ 庚子	Xīnchǒu 辛丑	Rényín 壬寅	Guǐmǎo 癸卯	Jiǎchén 甲辰	Yǐsì 乙巳	Bǐngwǔ 丙午
Yongli	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
AD	1667	1668	1669	1670	1671	1672	1673	1674	1675	1676
Gānzhī 干支	Dīngwèi 丁未	Wùshēn 戊申	Jǐyǒu 己酉	Gēngxū 庚戌	Xīnhài 辛亥	Rénzǐ 壬子	Guǐchǒu 癸丑	Jiǎyín 甲寅	Yǐmǎo 乙卯	Bǐngchén 丙辰
Yongli	31	32	33	34	35	36	37
AD	1677	1678	1679	1680	1681	1682	1683
Gānzhī 干支	Dīngsì 丁巳	Wùwǔ 戊午	Jǐwèi 己未	Gēngshēn 庚申	Xīnyǒu 辛酉	Rénxū 壬戌	Guǐhài 癸亥

Other regime eras that existed during the same period

• China
  • Dingwu (定武, 1646–1664): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Benli (Zhu Danji), Prince of Han (doubtful)
  • Dongwu (東武, 1648): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai
  • Shunzhi (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor
  • Kangxi (康熙, 1662–1722): Qing dynasty — era name of the Kangxi Emperor
  • Zhongxing (中興, 1647): Qing period — era name of the Jiang Erxun (蔣爾恂)
  • Tianzheng (天正, 1648): Qing period — era name of Zhang Jintang (張近堂)
  • Tianshun (天順, 1661): Qing period — era name of Xiao Weitang (蕭惟堂)
  • Daqing (大慶, 1665): Qing period — era name of Wang Yaozu (王耀祖)
  • Guangde (廣德, 1673): Qing period — era name of Yang Qilong (楊起隆)
  • Zhaowu (昭武, 1678): Wu Zhou — era name of Wu Sangui
  • Honghua (洪化, 1679–1681): Wu Zhou — era name of Wu Shifan
• Vietnam
  • Thuận Đức (順德, 1638–1677): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Vũ
  • Phúc Thái (福泰, 1643–1649): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chân Tông
  • Khánh Đức (慶德, 1649–1653): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
  • Thịnh Đức (盛德, 1653–1658): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
  • Vĩnh Thọ (永壽, 1658–1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
  • Vạn Khánh (萬慶, 1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
  • Cảnh Trị (景治, 1663–1671): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Huyền Tông
  • Dương Đức (陽德, 1672–1674): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Gia Tông
  • Đức Nguyên (德元, 1674–1675): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Gia Tông
  • Vĩnh Trị (永治, 1676–1680): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Hy Tông
  • Chính Hòa (正和, 1680–1705): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Hy Tông
• Japan
  • Shōhō (正保, 1644–1648): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
  • Keian (慶安, 1648–1652): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
  • Jōō (承応, 1652–1655): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō and Emperor Go-Sai
  • Meireki (明暦, 1655–1658): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
  • Manji (万治, 1658–1661): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
  • Kanbun (寛文, 1661–1673): era name of Emperor Go-Sai and Emperor Reigen
  • Enpō (延宝, 1673–1681): era name of Emperor Reigen
  • Tenna (天和, 1681–1684): era name of Emperor Reigen

See also

• List of Chinese era names
• List of Ming dynasty era names
• List of rulers of Taiwan

References

1. Qian Haiyue (錢海岳). History of Southern Ming (南明史), Biographies, Volume 51 (Zheng Sen chuan; 鄭森傳), p. 3585
2. Qian Haiyue (錢海岳). History of Southern Ming (南明史), Annals, Volume 4, Zhaozong 2, p. 250-252

Extended reading

• Li Chongzhi (李崇智) (December 2004). Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考). Beijing (北京): Zhonghua Book Company (中華書局). ISBN 7101025129.
• Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波) (March 2005). Chronology of East Asian history (東亞歷史年表). Taipei (臺北): National Taiwan University, Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures (國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃). ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2021-11-26.

Preceded by Longwu	Southern Ming Era or nianhao 1647–1661	Succeeded by None
Preceded by None	Era of Taiwan 1661–1683	Succeeded by Kangxi