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Theorized ancient standard form of Chinese From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Yayan is a theorized ancient form of the Chinese language used as a standard dialect by intellectuals during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 – 256 BC).[1][2]
Yayan | |
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雅言 | |
Region | China |
Era | Zhou dynasty |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | lzh |
Yayan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chinese | 雅言 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | elegant speech | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yayan was mentioned in the Analects, which says:[3]
‹See Tfd›子所雅言、詩、書、執禮、皆雅言也。
The Master’s frequent themes of discourse were: the Odes, the History, and the maintenance of the Rules of Propriety. On all these he frequently discoursed.
— Analects §7.18
While the phrase ‹See Tfd›詩書執禮 has been agreed to refer to each of the Classic of Poetry, Book of Documents, and Book of Rites, scholars do not agree on the intended meaning of ‹See Tfd›雅言.[4] Zheng Xuan (127–200 AD) interpreted it as:
‹See Tfd›子所雅言、孔曰:「雅言、正言也。」
The Master said: "Elegant speech, proper speech it is".‹See Tfd›鄭曰:「讀先王典法、必正言其音、然後義全、故不可有所諱。禮不誦、故言執。」
Zheng said: "When reading the laws and regulations of the ancient kings, it is necessary to pronounce their words properly; only then can righteousness be complete. Therefore, there should be no taboos. In the context of rituals, they are not recited, which is why we speak of adhering to them.
Some scholars have interpreted this "proper speech" phrase as possibly referring to a standard form of the language used by the literati of the era.
If historical, Yayan would have been based on the dialects of Old Chinese spoken around the Eastern Zhou (771–256 BC) capital of Luoyang.[5][6]
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