Xenocyprinae

Xenocyprinae,^[1] is a contentious subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, the carp and minnow family, originally from eastern Asia.

Xenocyprinae Temporal range: Middle Eocene to present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Cyprinidae
Subfamily:	Xenocyprinae Günther, 1868

Genera

The 5th edition of Fishes of the World assigns the following genera to this subfamily:^[2]

• Aristichthys Oshima, 1919
• Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860
• Xenocypris Günther, 1868

The taxonomy of the Cyprinids is somewhat contentious and other authorities differ with the above, for example the following genera are assigned to the subfamily Xenocyprinae on Fishbase or the 2018 phylogenetic study:^[1][3]

• Distoechodon Peters, 1881
• Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860
• Metzia Jordan & Thompson, 1914
• Plagiognathops Berg, 1907
• Pseudobrama Bleeker, 1870
• Xenocypris Günther, 1868

A potential fossil genus of the Xenocyprinae is Planktophaga from the middle-late Eocene of Vietnam. Although initially classified under the East Asian group of Leuciscinae sensu lato (as Hypophthalmichthys was previously classified under it), it has unique pharyngeal teeth only shared with Hypophthalmichthys, and thus may represent a basal member of the group. Fossil teeth of indeterminate xenocyprines were found from the same site.^[4][5]

Taxonomy

Cyprinidae is a large, widespread and diverse family of, mainly, freshwater ray-finned fish and the taxonomy of the family has not yet been fully resolved and the subfamilies do not appear to have a single accepted taxonomy. Some authorities place the genera above in the larger subfamilies Oxygasterinae or Xenocypridinae.^[6] However, genetic and morphological studies have supported the view that the five genera currently assigned to the subfamily Xenocyprinae form a monophyletic grouping.^[7]

References

1. Rainer Froese; Daniel Pauly, eds. (2017). "Family: Cyprinidae Minnows or carps Subfamily: Xenocyprinae". Fishbase. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
2. J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 181–186. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
3. Tan, Milton; Armbruster, Jonathan W. (2018-09-13). "Phylogenetic classification of extant genera of fishes of the order Cypriniformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)". Zootaxa. 4476 (1): 6–39. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4476.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 30313339.
4. Böhme, Madelaine; Aiglstorfer, Manuela; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Appel, Erwin; Havlik, Philipe; Métais, Grégoire; The Phuc, Laq; Schneider, Simon; Setzer, Fabian; Tappert, Ralf; Ngoc Tran, Dang; Uhl, Dieter; Prieto, Jérôme (2013). "Na Duong (northern Vietnam) - an exceptional window into Eocene ecosystems from Southeast Asia". Zitteliana. A (53): 120–167. doi:10.5282/UBM/EPUB.19019.
5. Chen, GengJiao; Chang, Mee-Mann; Liu, HuanZhang (2015-07-01). "Revision of Cyprinus maomingensis Liu 1957 and the first discovery of Procypris-like cyprinid (Teleostei, Pisces) from the late Eocene of South China". Science China Earth Sciences. 58 (7): 1123–1132. Bibcode:2015ScChD..58.1123C. doi:10.1007/s11430-015-5085-7. ISSN 1869-1897.
6. Kevin L. Tang; Daniel Lumbantobing; Richard Mayden (2013). "The Phylogenetic Placement of Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823 (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and the Taxonomic Status of the Family-Group Name Oxygastrinae Bleeker, 1860". Copeia. 2013 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1643/cg-10-121.
7. Wuhan Xiao; Yaping Zhang; Huanzhang Lui (2001). "Molecular Systematics of Xenocyprinae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae):Taxonomy, Biogeography, and Coevolution of a Special Group Restricted in East Asia" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 18 (2): 163–173. Bibcode:2001MolPE..18..163X. doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0879. PMID 11161753. S2CID 1975378. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-10.