Withania

Withania is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae, with 19^[1] to 23 species that are native to parts of North Africa, western Asia, south Asia, southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Canary Islands.^[2][3] Withania was initially included within Physalis by Linnaeus in 1753 but has since become its own genus.^[4] This grouping was due to the shared feature of an inflated Calyx that surrounds and protects the fruit.

Withania
Withania somnifera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Solanales
Family:	Solanaceae
Subfamily:	Solanoideae
Tribe:	Physaleae
Genus:	Withania Pauquy (1825), nom. cons.
Species
19; see text
Synonyms[1]
Archiphysalis Kuang (1966) Hypnoticum Rodati ex Meisn. (1839) Opsago Raf. (1838) Physaliastrum Makino (1914) Physaloides Moench (1794) Puneeria Stocks (1849) Scleromphalos Griff. (1854), nom. nud.

Two of the species, W. somnifera (ashwagandha) and W. coagulans (ashutosh booti), are economically significant, and are cultivated in several regions for their medicinal uses.^[2]

Etymology

Withania is thought to have been named in honour of Henry Witham, a British geologist and writer on fossil botany beginning in 1830.^[5]

Species

19 species are accepted.^[1]

• Withania adpressa Coss. ex Batt.
• Withania adunensis Vierh.
• Withania aristata (Aiton) Pauquy
• Withania chamaesarachoides (Makino) Hunz.
• Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal — ashutosh booti, Indian rennet, panirband, vegetable rennet
• Withania echinata (Yatabe) Hunz.
• Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy
• Withania grisea (Hepper & Boulos) Thulin
• Withania heterophylla (Hemsl.) Hunz.
• Withania japonica (Franch. & Sav.) Hunz.
• Withania kweichouensis (Kuang & A.M.Lu) Hunz.
• Withania qaraitica A.G.Mill. & Biagi
• Withania reichenbachii Bitter
• Withania riebeckii Schweinf.
• Withania sinensis (Hemsl.) Hunz.
• Withania sinica (Kuang & A.M.Lu) Hunz.
• Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (synonym Withania chevalieri A.E.Gonç.) — ashwaganda, Indian ginseng, winter cherry^[6][7]
• Withania sphaerocarpa Hepper & Boulos
• Withania yunnanensis (Kuang & A.M.Lu) Hunz.