William Tate (soldier)

Chef de brigade William Tate was the Irish-born American commander of a French invasion force known as La Légion Noire ("The Black Legion") which invaded Britain in 1797, resulting in the Battle of Fishguard.

William Tate
The Battle of Fishguard, where Tate surrendered
Born	1744 Ireland
Died	Unknown Unknown
Allegiance	France
Service / branch	French Army
Years of service	1797
Rank	Chef de brigade
Commands	Légion Noire
Battles / wars	French Revolutionary Wars Battle of Fishguard

In 1793, French Consul Michel Ange Bernard Mangourit wanted to capture Florida from Spain. He commissioned William Tate as a French Colonel to raise and lead a force of Americans.^[1] Tate was instructed to recruit from outside the United States,^[2] but he recruited from the region of the Carolinas, especially rural settlers.^[3] In February 1794, Jean Antoine Joseph Fauchet, arrived in Philadelphia as the new French ambassador, and rescinded Tate's commission.^[4]

South Carolina threatened to arrest Tate for treason, and he fled to France in 1795,^[3] where he was given command of the Légion Noire during the 1797 invasion of Britain. The 1,200 to 1,400-strong Légion Noire landed at Carregwastad Point, near the Welsh port of Fishguard, on February 22 but surrendered three days later at the Battle of Fishguard. After brief imprisonment, Tate was returned to France in a prisoner exchange in 1798, along with most of his invasion force. This was the last invasion of the British mainland by foreign forces.

Tate reportedly held a grudge against the British because his family had been killed by pro-British Native Americans in the American War of Independence, and he advocated Irish republicanism.^[5]

Many historians, following E. H. Stuart Jones, the author of The Last Invasion of Britain (1950), have suggested that William Tate was about 70 years old in 1797; he was in fact 44.^[6]

Notes

1. Alderson, Robert J (2008). This Bright Era of Happy Revolutions: French Consul Michel-Ange-Bernard Mangourit and International Republicanism in Charleston, 1792-1794. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-1570037450.
2. Tozzi, Christopher (2011). "Between Two Republics: American Military Volunteers in Revolutionary France". Journal of the Western Society for French History. 39. Michigan Publishing. ISSN 2573-5012. Retrieved 20 Nov 2019.
3. Tozzi, Christopher J (2016). Nationalizing France's Army: Foreign, Black, and Jewish Troops in the French Military, 1715-1831. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press. pp. 109–110. ISBN 9780813938349.
4. Winkler, John F (2013). Fallen Timbers 1794: The US Army's first victory. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-7809-6377-8.
5. Thomas 2007, p. 58
6. See Rose, Richard, The French at Fishguard: Fact, Fiction and Folklore, Transactions of the Hon. Society of Cymmrodorion, Vol. 9, 2003, pp. 76-77

References

• Kinross, John (1974). Fishguard fiasco: An account of the last invasion of Britain. ISBN 978-1-904396-68-0.
• Thomas, J.E (2007). Britain's Last Invasion. Fishguard, 1797. Gloucestershire: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-4010-1.
• "BBC - History: On This Day 22 February". BBC Online. Retrieved 22 March 2012.