William Jackson Humphreys

William Jackson Humphreys (February 3, 1862 – November 10, 1949) was an American physicist and atmospheric researcher.

William Jackson Humphreys
Born	(1862-02-03)February 3, 1862 Gap Mills, Virginia
Died	November 10, 1949(1949-11-10) (aged 87) Washington, D.C.
Awards	Howard N. Potts Medal (1916)
Scientific career
Doctoral advisor	Henry Augustus Rowland

Biography

Humphreys was born on February 3, 1862, in Gap Mills, Virginia, to Jackson and Eliza Ann (née Eads) Humphreys.^[1] He studied physics at Washington & Lee University in Virginia and later at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, where he earned his Ph.D. in 1897, studying under Henry Augustus Rowland.^[2]

He worked in the fields of spectroscopy, atmospheric physics and meteorology. In the field of spectroscopy he found the shift of spectral lines under pressure. In atmospheric physics he found a very good model for the stratosphere in 1909. He wrote numerous books, including a textbook titled Physics of the Air, first published in 1920 and considered a standard work of the time,^[2] though it was last published in 1940.^{[citation needed]} He also held some teaching positions at universities. He concluded that the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora was responsible for the subsequent cooling known as the Year Without a Summer.^[3]

From 1905 to 1935 he worked as a physicist for the U.S. Weather Bureau, predecessor of the National Weather Service.^[2] In 1919, he served as president of the Philosophical Society of Washington.^[4] He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1921.^[5] In 1924 he was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Toronto.^[6] He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1929.^[7]

He died on November 10, 1949, in Washington, D.C.

Humphreys at the Fourth Conference International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research at Mount Wilson Observatory, 1910

Bibliography

• Humphreys, W. J. “Volcanic Dust as a Factor in the Production of Climatic Changes.” Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3, no. 13 (1913): 365–71.
• Physics of the Air (1920)
• Weather proverbs and paradoxes (1923)
• Fogs and clouds, The Williams & Wilins Co. (1926)
• Rain making and Other weather vagaries (1926)
• Snow crystals (1931)

References

1. Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
2. "NOAA History - Profiles in Time/NWS Biographies". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
3. "The year without a summer".
4. Humphreys, W. J. (1930). "The Philosophical Society of Washington through a thousand meetings". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 20 (13): 245–316. ISSN 0043-0439. JSTOR 24523672.
5. "William Jackson Humphreys". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
6. Humphreys, W. J. "The effect of surface drag on surface winds". In: Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians in Toronto, August 11–16. 1924. Vol. 2. pp. 297–304.
7. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-07-21.