Jefferson County, New York

Not to be confused with Jefferson, New York.

Jefferson County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,721.^[1] Its county seat is Watertown.^[2] The county is named after Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States of America.^[3] It is adjacent to Lake Ontario, southeast from the Canada–US border of Ontario. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Jefferson County
County
Panoramic view of Boldt Castle on Heart Island
Flag Seal
Location within the U.S. state of New York
New York's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 43°59′N 76°03′W
Country	United States
State	New York
Founded	1805
Named for	Thomas Jefferson
Seat	Watertown
Largest town	Le Ray
Area
• Total	1,857 sq mi (4,810 km2)
• Land	1,269 sq mi (3,290 km2)
• Water	589 sq mi (1,530 km2)  32%
Population  (2020)[1]
• Total	116,721
• Density	63/sq mi (24/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts	21st, 24th
Website	www.co.jefferson.ny.us

Jefferson County comprises the Watertown-Fort Drum, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The popularity of the area as a summer tourist destination results in a dramatic increase of population during that season.

In 2014, it elected Colleen M. O'Neill as the first woman county sheriff in the state. She had served with the New York State Police for 32 years.^[4]

The United States Army's 10th Mountain Division is based at Fort Drum. The base had a total population of nearly 13,000 according to the 2010 census.

History

When counties were established in the Province of New York in 1683, the present Jefferson County was part of Albany County. This was an enormous county, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present State of Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. This county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766, by the creation of Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770, by the creation of Gloucester County, both containing territory now in Vermont.

On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name Albany County. One of the other pieces, Tryon County, contained the western portion (and thus, since no western boundary was specified, theoretically still extended west to the Pacific). The eastern boundary of Tryon County was approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) west of the present city of Schenectady, and the county included the western part of the Adirondack Mountains and the area west of the West Branch of the Delaware River. The area then designated as Tryon County now includes 37 counties of New York State. The county was named for William Tryon, colonial governor of New York.

In the years subsequent to 1776, most of the Loyalists in Tryon County fled to Canada. In 1784, following the peace treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, the name of Tryon County was changed to Montgomery County to honor the general, Richard Montgomery, who had captured several places in Canada and died attempting to capture the city of Quebec, replacing the name of the hated British governor.

In 1789, the size of Montgomery County was reduced by the creation of Ontario County from Montgomery. The area split off from Montgomery County was much larger than the present county, as it was later divided to form the present Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Orleans, Steuben, Wyoming, Yates, and parts of Schuyler and Wayne counties.

Jefferson County is part of Macomb's Purchase of 1791.

In 1791, Herkimer County was one of three counties split off from Montgomery (the other two being Otsego, and Tioga County). This was much larger than the present county, however, and was reduced by a number of subsequent splits. The first one of these, in 1794, produced Onondaga County. This county was larger than the current Onondaga County, including the present Cayuga and Cortland Counties, and part of Oswego County.

Oneida County (as well as a part of Chenango County), was split off from Herkimer County in 1798.

Jefferson County was split off from Oneida County in 1805. In 1817, Carleton Island, captured from the British in the War of 1812, was annexed to the county. During the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the county was largely developed for agriculture.

By the early 20th centuries, Watertown was a city with the highest per capita number of millionaires in the United States. Local industrialists had made early fortunes from industries driven by water power. Mills were established along the falls of the Black River from the first half of the nineteenth century.

In 2019, Jefferson County and much of the rest of the North Country was identified as one of the most politically tolerant communities in America, according to an analysis by PredictWise.^[5][6]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,857 square miles (4,810 km²), of which 1,269 square miles (3,290 km²) is land and 589 square miles (1,530 km²) (32%) is water.^[7] It is the fourth-largest county in New York by area.

Jefferson County is in New York State's northern lobe, adjacent to the area where the Saint Lawrence River exits Lake Ontario. It is northeast of Syracuse, and northwest of Utica. The county is at the international border with Canada.

The Black River, which empties into Lake Ontario, is an important waterway in the county. Part of the Tug Hill Plateau is in the southern part of the county. The county contains part of the Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence River, including such large islands as Carleton Island, Grindstone Island, and Wellesley Island.

Adjacent counties

• St. Lawrence County – northeast
• Lewis County – southeast
• Oswego County – southwest
• Leeds and Grenville United Counties, Ontario – north
• Frontenac County, Ontario – northwest

Major highways

• Interstate 81
• Interstate 781
• U.S. Route 11
• New York State Route 3
• New York State Route 3A
• New York State Route 12
• New York State Route 12E
• New York State Route 12F
• New York State Route 26
• New York State Route 37
• New York State Route 180

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1810	15,140		—
1820	32,952		117.6%
1830	48,493		47.2%
1840	60,984		25.8%
1850	68,153		11.8%
1860	69,825		2.5%
1870	65,415		−6.3%
1880	66,103		1.1%
1890	68,806		4.1%
1900	76,748		11.5%
1910	80,382		4.7%
1920	82,250		2.3%
1930	83,574		1.6%
1940	84,003		0.5%
1950	85,521		1.8%
1960	87,835		2.7%
1970	88,508		0.8%
1980	88,151		−0.4%
1990	110,943		25.9%
2000	111,738		0.7%
2010	116,229		4.0%
2020	116,721		0.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[8] 1790–1960[9] 1900–1990[10] 1990–2000[11] 2020[1]

2020 Census

Jefferson County Racial Composition^[12]

Race	Num.	Perc.
White (NH)	92,755	79.5%
Black or African American (NH)	6,271	5.4%
Native American (NH)	461	0.4%
Asian (NH)	2,185	1.9%
Pacific Islander (NH)	300	0.3%
Other/Mixed (NH)	6,759	5.8%
Hispanic or Latino	7,990	6.85%

2000 census

As of the census^[13] of 2000, there were 111,738 people, 40,068 households, and 28,127 families residing in the county. The population density was 88 inhabitants per square mile (34/km²). There were 54,070 housing units at an average density of 42 units per square mile (16/km²). The county's racial makeup was 88.71% White, 5.83% Black or African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.92% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 2.05% from other races, and 1.82% from two or more races. 4.19% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 93.2% spoke English and 3.5% Spanish as their first language.

21.9% were of English, 14.1% Irish, 12.8% German, 8.5% French and 8.5% Italian ancestry according to the 2010 American Community Survey.

There were 40,068 households, of which 37.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.60% were married couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.80% were non-families. 24.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.07.

26.50% of the county's population was under age 18, 11.80% was from age 18 to 24, 31.30% was from age 25 to 44, 19.10% was from age 45 to 64, and 11.30% were age 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 107.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.50 males.

The county's median household income was $34,006, and the median family income was $39,296. Males had a median income of $28,727 versus $21,787 for females. The county's per capita income was $16,202. About 10.00% of families and 13.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.80% of those under age 18 and 9.20% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Jefferson Community College in Watertown provides higher education within the county.

School districts include:^[14]

• Alexandria Central School District
• Belleville Henderson Central School District
• Carthage Central School District
• Copenhagen Central School District
• General Brown Central School District
• Gouverneur Central School District
• Hammond Central School District
• Indian River Central School District
• La Fargeville Central School District
• Lyme Central School District
• Sackets Harbor Central School District
• Sandy Creek Central School District
• South Jefferson Central School District
• Thousand Islands Central School District
• Watertown City School District

Some areas on Fort Drum are not in any school district.^[15] Fort Drum sends K-12 students in some portions to the Carthage school district, and others to the Indian River school district.^[16]

Communities

Larger Settlements

#	Location	Population	Type	Area
1	Le Ray	25,574	Town	North
2	†Watertown	24,685	City	Center
3	Fort Drum	15,896	CDP	Center
4	Calcium	3,573	Village	Center
5	Carthage	3,236	CDP	Center
6	West Carthage	1,780	Village	Center
7	Clayton	1,705	Village	River Delta
8	Adams	1,633	Village	South
9	Adams Center	1,568	CDP	South
10	Sackets Harbor	1,450	Village	Upper Lakeshore
11	Black River	1,348	Village	Center
12	Philadelphia	1,252	Village	North
13	Brownville	1,119	Village	Center
14	Alexandria Bay	1,078	Village	River Delta
15	Dexter	1,052	Village	Center
16	Theresa	863	Village	North
17	Great Bend	843	CDP	Center
18	Cape Vincent	726	Village	River Delta
19	Antwerp	686	Village	North
20	Chaumont	624	Village	Upper Lakeshore
21	Evans Mills	621	Village	Center
22	††La Fargeville	606	CDP	River Delta
23	Redwood	605	CDP	River Delta
24	Depauville	577	CDP	River Delta
25	Glen Park	502	Village	Center
26	Felts Mills	372	CDP	Center
27	Natural Bridge	365	CDP	North
28	Mannsville	354	Village	South
29	Deferiet	294	Village	Center
30	Pamelia Center	264	CDP	Center
31	Ellisburg	244	Village	South
32	Three Mile Bay	227	CDP	Upper Lakeshore
33	Belleville	226	CDP	South
34	Henderson	224	CDP	South
35	Lorraine	174	CDP	South
36	Plessis	164	CDP	North
37	Rodman	153	CDP	South
38	Oxbow	108	CDP	North
39	Herrings	40	Village	Center

† - County Seat

†† - Former Village

Towns

• Adams
• Alexandria
• Antwerp
• Brownville
• Cape Vincent
• Champion
• Clayton
• Ellisburg
• Henderson
• Hounsfield
• Le Ray
• Lorraine
• Lyme
• Orleans
• Pamelia
• Philadelphia
• Rodman
• Rutland
• Theresa
• Watertown
• Wilna
• Worth

Hamlet

• Sanfords Four Corners

Old Jefferson County Courthouse

Government and politics

Legislative authority is vested in the county Board of Legislators, which consists of 15 members each elected from single member districts for two-year terms.^[17] As of 2018, there are 14 Republicans and 1 Democrat.

Jefferson County is reliably Republican. Since 1884, Democrats only carried the county twice, in 1964 and in 1996.

United States presidential election results for Jefferson County, New York^[18]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	26,417	61.66%	16,326	38.11%	100	0.23%
2020	25,629	58.44%	17,307	39.46%	919	2.10%
2016	21,763	56.92%	13,809	36.12%	2,664	6.97%
2012	18,122	50.75%	17,099	47.89%	487	1.36%
2008	20,220	52.00%	18,166	46.72%	500	1.29%
2004	21,231	54.72%	16,860	43.45%	709	1.83%
2000	18,192	49.95%	16,799	46.12%	1,432	3.93%
1996	12,362	36.22%	16,783	49.18%	4,982	14.60%
1992	14,227	38.01%	13,380	35.75%	9,819	26.24%
1988	19,304	57.41%	14,137	42.05%	181	0.54%
1984	23,445	67.96%	10,960	31.77%	91	0.26%
1980	16,455	49.67%	13,271	40.06%	3,402	10.27%
1976	20,401	59.95%	13,503	39.68%	124	0.36%
1972	23,123	66.41%	11,629	33.40%	65	0.19%
1968	18,552	56.03%	13,438	40.59%	1,119	3.38%
1964	10,718	29.84%	25,175	70.10%	21	0.06%
1960	24,290	60.55%	15,800	39.39%	25	0.06%
1956	28,429	74.06%	9,959	25.94%	0	0.00%
1952	27,932	69.88%	12,026	30.09%	13	0.03%
1948	19,661	58.95%	13,176	39.51%	514	1.54%
1944	21,834	60.10%	14,449	39.77%	46	0.13%
1940	25,584	63.54%	14,581	36.22%	97	0.24%
1936	24,925	63.16%	13,975	35.41%	566	1.43%
1932	22,760	61.98%	13,478	36.70%	486	1.32%
1928	26,361	66.41%	12,908	32.52%	426	1.07%
1924	21,159	68.38%	7,665	24.77%	2,118	6.85%
1920	22,072	70.74%	7,925	25.40%	1,204	3.86%
1916	11,197	58.68%	7,089	37.15%	795	4.17%
1912	6,692	37.97%	6,054	34.35%	4,878	27.68%
1908	11,477	57.93%	6,694	33.79%	1,642	8.29%
1904	12,050	60.57%	6,696	33.66%	1,147	5.77%
1900	11,870	61.03%	6,776	34.84%	805	4.14%
1896	11,411	60.88%	6,644	35.45%	689	3.68%
1892	9,856	54.32%	7,181	39.57%	1,109	6.11%
1888	9,861	54.37%	7,562	41.70%	713	3.93%
1884	9,029	53.83%	7,075	42.18%	669	3.99%

Jefferson County Board of Legislators

District	Legislator	Party	Residence
1 Archived November 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Robert W. Cantwell III	Republican	Cape Vincent
2 Archived November 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	William W. Johnson	Republican	Lyme
3 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Philip N. Reed, Sr.	Republican	Orleans
4 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Allen T. Drake	Democrat	Theresa
5 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Michael Montigelli	Republican	Le Ray
6 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Daniel R. McBride	Republican	Wilna
7 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	John D. Peck	Republican	Champion
8 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	James A. Nabywaniec	Republican	Le Ray
9 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Patrick R. Jareo	Republican	Ellisburg
10 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Jeremiah J. Maxon	Republican	Adams
11 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Robert D. Ferris	Republican	Watertown
12 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Francee A. Calarco	Republican	Watertown
13 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Scott A. Gray chairman	Republican	Watertown
14 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Corey Y. Grant	Republican	Watertown
15 Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine	Anthony J. Doldo	Republican	Watertown

Law enforcement

As of 2021^[update] the sheriff is Colleen M. O'Neill. O'Neill is the first female sheriff elected in the state, and was first elected in 2014.^[19][20][21]

In 2012, the Sheriff's Office was the subject of three unrelated sexual harassment lawsuits by a female deputy and two other women.^[22][23][24]

Sites of interest

• Antique Boat Museum
• Boldt Castle
• Burnham Point State Park
• Canoe-Picnic Point State Park
• Cape Vincent
• Carleton Island
• Cedar Point State Park
• Clayton
• Dewolf Point State Park
• Duffy Fairgrounds
• Fairview Manor
• Fort Drum
• Grass Point State Park
• Grenadier Island
• Grindstone Island Upper Schoolhouse
• Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary^[25][26]
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, New York
• Orleans
• Paddock Arcade
• Paddock Mansion
• Public Square Historic District
• Roswell P. Flower Memorial Library
• Sackets Harbor
• Sackets Harbor Battlefield State Historic Site
• Thousand Islands
• Thousand Islands National Park
• Tibbetts Point Lighthouse
• Union Hotel (Sackets Harbor, New York)
• Watertown
• Wellesley Island State Park
• Thousand Islands Arts Center

See also

• New York (state) portal

• List of counties in New York

References

1. "QuickFacts - Jefferson county, New York". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 168.
4. staff (March 2016). "March 2016 20 Questions: Colleen O'Neill, Jefferson County Sheriff". NNY Business Magazine. Retrieved September 18, 2019.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
5. Ripley, Amanda. "The Least Politically Prejudiced Place in America". The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825. Archived from the original on March 5, 2019. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
6. He, Amanda Ripley, Rekha Tenjarla, Angela Y. (March 4, 2019). "The Geography of Partisan Prejudice". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on March 5, 2019. Retrieved March 5, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
7. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
8. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
9. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
10. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
11. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
12. "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Jefferson County, New York".
13. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 27, 1996. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
14. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Jefferson County, NY" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 21, 2024. - Text list
15. "Fort Drum Education". Militaryonesource. Retrieved December 21, 2024. There are no school districts located on Fort Drum.
    See also: "SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Jefferson County, NY" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 21, 2024. UNI 99997 School District Not Defined - Text list - The 2020 map has no label for the area not in any school district - see 2020 text list
16. "Fort Drum Education". Militaryonesource. Retrieved December 21, 2024.
17. "Jefferson County, New York : Legislature". co.jefferson.ny.us. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
18. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
19. "Sheriff's Office". Welcome to Jefferson County, New York. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
20. "Colleen O'Neill". NY Sheriffs Association. Archived from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
21. [e-mail], BRIAN (October 15, 2021). "Jefferson County Sheriff Colleen M. O'Neill will not seek reelection". NNY360. Archived from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
22. "Three lawsuits target Jefferson County Sheriff's Department". WRVO Public Media. November 29, 2012. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
23. "Attorney for Sheriff's deputy describes alleged harassment on the job in $50 million suit". WRVO Public Media. May 3, 2012. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
24. "Sheriff's deputy files suit against Jefferson County department over topless photos". WRVO Public Media. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
25. "Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary". sanctuaries.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
26. "Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary Designation Ceremony". sanctuaries.noaa.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 14, 2024.

Further reading

• Sullivan, James; Williams, Melvin E.; Conklin, Edwin P.; Fitzpatrick, Benedict, eds. (1927), "Chapter IV. Jefferson County.", History of New York State, 1523–1927 (PDF), vol. 2, New York City, Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., p. 525-28, hdl:2027/mdp.39015019994048, Wikidata Q114149636

External links

• Jefferson County webpage
• Guide to historical information
• Summary history of Jefferson County, NY and its towns
• Jefferson County NY Wiki

43.99°N 76.05°W / 43.99; -76.05