Dates |
Name |
Independent state |
Original state |
Result |
1038–1047 |
Miecław's Rebellion |
Miecław's State |
Duchy of Poland |
Defeat of Miecław; his state is reincorporated into Poland |
1185–1188 |
Uprising of Asen and Peter |
Bulgaria |
Byzantine Empire |
Independence of Bulgaria from the Byzantine Empire; creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire |
1296–1357 |
Wars of Scottish Independence |
Scotland |
England |
Scotland retains its status as an independent nation |
1468–1500 |
Kazakh War of Independence |
Kazakh Khanate |
Uzbek Khanate |
Kazakh Khanate maintains independence from the Uzbek Khanate |
1521–1523 |
Swedish War of Liberation |
Sweden |
Kalmar Union |
Independence of Sweden from the Kalmar Union |
1568–1648 |
Eighty Years' War |
Netherlands |
Spain |
Independence of the Netherlands from Spain |
1640–1668 |
Portuguese Restoration War |
Portugal |
Spain |
Restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain |
1680–1707 |
Maratha War of Independence |
Maratha Empire |
Mughal Empire |
Mughals fail to annex Maratha Empire |
1703–1711 |
Rákóczi's War of Independence |
Hungary |
Holy Roman Empire |
Limited autonomy for Hungary within the Habsburg monarchy |
1775–1783 |
American Revolutionary War (United States War of Independence) |
United States |
Great Britain |
Independence of the United States from Great Britain |
1791–1804 |
Haitian Revolution |
Haiti |
France |
Independence of Haiti from France |
1804–1813 |
First Serbian Uprising (Serbian Revolution) |
Serbia |
Ottoman Empire |
Defeat of insurgents; Ottoman Empire retains control of Serbia |
1808–1814 |
Peninsular War |
Portugal
Spain |
France |
Independence of Portugal and Spain from France |
1810s–1820s |
Latin American wars of independence |
Spanish Empire |
Independence of many Spanish-American colonies from Spain |
Argentine War of Independence | Río de la Plata |
Bolivian War of Independence | Bolivia |
Chilean War of Independence | Chile |
Colombian War of Independence | Colombia |
Ecuadorian War of Independence | Ecuador |
Mexican War of Independence | Mexico |
Peruvian War of Independence | Peru |
Venezuelan War of Independence | Venezuela |
1814 |
Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) |
Norway |
Sweden |
Partial independence of Norway within the later United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway |
1815–1817 |
Second Serbian Uprising (Serbian Revolution) |
Serbia |
Ottoman Empire |
Semi-independence of Serbia within the Ottoman Empire |
1821–1829 |
Greek War of Independence |
Greece |
Ottoman Empire |
Independence of Greece from the Ottoman Empire |
1822–1824 |
Brazilian War of Independence |
Brazil |
Portuguese Empire |
Independence of the Empire of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves |
1825–1828 |
Cisplatine War |
Uruguay |
Brazil
Río de la Plata |
Disputed between the Empire of Brazil and United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Independence of Uruguay from Brazil |
1826–1831 |
Separation of Venezuela and Ecuador |
Ecuador
Venezuela |
Colombia |
Venezuela and Ecuador declared independence from the Republic of Colombia. Dissolution of Gran Colombia and creation of the Republic of New Granada. |
1830–1831 |
November Uprising |
Poland |
Russia |
Defeat of Polish insurgents. Russian retains control of Poland, introduction of the Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland, liquidation of Polish autonomy. |
1830–1839 |
Belgian Revolution |
Belgium |
Netherlands |
Independence of Belgium from the Netherlands |
1835–1845 |
Ragamuffin War |
Riograndense Republic |
Brazil |
The Riograndense Republic is dissolved; reintegration with Brazil |
1835–1836 |
Texas Revolution |
Texas |
Mexico |
Independence of Texas from Mexico |
1844–1856 |
Dominican War of Independence |
Dominican Republic |
Haiti |
Independence of Dominican Republic from Haiti |
1846 |
Bear Flag Revolt |
California |
Mexico |
The California Republic declares independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico. The republic is quickly annexed by the United States |
1848–1849 |
Italian War of Independence |
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont |
Austria |
Sardinia-Piedmont defeated by the Austrian Empire; Italian unification not achieved |
1857–1858 |
Indian War of Independence |
India Pakistan Bangladesh |
British East India Company |
East India Company loses power to Great Britain, vide Government of India Act 1858. |
1859 |
Second Italian War of Independence |
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
Lombardy–Venetia
Parma
Modena
Tuscany |
Austria |
France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia defeat the Austrian Empire; most of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia transferred to France and then to Piedmont-Sardinia; Duchy of Parma, Duchy of Modena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Papal Legations annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia |
1861–1865 |
American Civil War |
Confederate States |
United States (Union) |
Defeat and dissolution of the Confederacy; U.S. retains control of the South |
1863–1865 |
January Uprising |
Poland |
Russia |
Defeat of Polish insurgents; Russia retains control of Poland |
1863–1865 |
Dominican Restoration War |
Dominican Republic |
Spain |
Independence of Dominican Republic from 4 year occupation by the Spanish Empire; ousts Spain from Hispaniola |
1866 |
Third Italian War of Independence |
Veneto |
Austria |
Austrian Empire loses Veneto to Kingdom of Italy |
1868–1878 |
Ten Years' War |
Cuba |
Spain |
Defeat of insurgents; Spain retains control of Cuba |
1869 |
Red River Rebellion |
Métis |
Canada |
Establishment of Provisional government of the Red River Colony |
1876 |
April Uprising |
Bulgaria |
Ottoman Empire |
Defeat of Bulgarian nationalists by the Ottoman Empire; subsequent reprisals by the Ottomans led to the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78 and the 1878 independence of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire. |
1877 |
Romanian War of Independence |
Romania |
Ottoman Empire |
Independence of Romania from the Ottoman Empire |
1896–1898 |
Philippine Revolution |
Philippines |
Spain |
Inconclusive; Philippines independence from Spain then achieved by Spanish–American War |
1895–1898 |
Cuban War of Independence |
Cuba |
Spain |
Independence of Cuba from Spain following four years of American occupation |
1899–1913 |
Philippine–American War |
Philippines |
United States |
Defeat of Philippine insurgents; United States retains control of the Philippines |
1903 |
Separation of Panama from Colombia |
Panama |
Colombia |
Separation of Panama from Colombia and construction of the Panama Canal |
1916–1918 |
Arab Revolt |
Hejaz |
Ottoman Empire |
Defeat of Arab aspirations for independence by post-World War I partition of Arab Ottoman Empire lands into protectorates controlled by United Kingdom and France |
1917–1921 |
Ukrainian War of Independence |
Ukraine |
Soviet Russia
Poland |
Independence of Ukraine from Russia; partition of Ukraine by Soviet Union and Poland |
1918–1920 |
Estonian War of Independence |
Estonia |
Soviet Russia |
Independence of Estonia from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR |
1918–1920 |
Latvian War of Independence |
Latvia |
Soviet Russia |
Independence of Latvia from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR |
1918–1920 |
Lithuanian War of Independence |
Lithuania |
Soviet Russia
Poland |
Independence of Lithuania from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR and Poland |
1919–1921 |
Irish War of Independence |
Ireland |
United Kingdom |
Anglo-Irish Treaty; Partition of Ireland; secession of 26 of Ireland's 32 counties (the Irish Free State) from the United Kingdom |
1919–1923 |
Turkish War of Independence |
Turkey |
Ottoman Empire
Allies of World War I |
Creation of the Republic of Turkey |
1920–1926 |
Rif War |
Republic of the Rif |
Spain |
Defeat of insurgents and Rif Republic; Spain retains control of Spanish Morocco |
1936–1939 |
Waziristan Uprising |
Waziristan |
British Empire |
Rebellion suppressed |
1942-1947 |
Second Indian War of Independence |
Free India |
United Kingdom |
INA captured parts of North-East India and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, later INA Trials triggered Bombay Mutiny & Royal Air Force mutiny which resulted in Indian Independence Act 1947[1] |
1944–1948 |
Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine |
Israel |
United Kingdom |
Independence of Israel from the United Kingdom |
1945–1949 |
Indonesian National Revolution |
Indonesia |
Netherlands |
Independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands |
1946–1954 |
First Indochina War |
South Vietnam Laos Cambodia |
France |
Independence of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia from France; partition of Vietnam |
1947–1949 |
1948 Arab–Israeli War, aka Israel's War of Independence |
Israel |
United Kingdom
Arab League |
Defeat of Arabs; Israel retains independence |
1952–1960 |
Kenyan Mau Mau Uprising |
Kenya |
United Kingdom |
Defeat of insurgents; United Kingdom retains control of Kenya |
1954–1962 |
Algerian War |
Algeria |
France |
Independence of Algeria from France |
1955–1972 |
First Sudanese Civil War |
Southern Sudan |
Sudan |
Conflict between Sudan and South Sudan |
1961–1974 |
Angolan War of Independence |
Angola |
Portugal |
Independence of Angola from Portugal |
1961–1991 |
Eritrean War of Independence |
Eritrea |
Ethiopia |
Independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia |
1961–ongoing |
Papua conflict |
Free Papua |
Indonesia |
Ongoing |
1963–1974 |
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence |
Guinea-Bissau |
Portugal |
Independence of Guinea-Bissau from Portugal |
1964–1974 |
Mozambican War of Independence |
Mozambique |
Portugal |
Independence of Mozambique from Portugal |
1966–1988 |
Namibian War of Independence |
Namibia |
South Africa |
Independence of Namibia from South Africa |
1967–1970 |
Nigerian Civil War |
Biafra |
Nigeria |
Defeat and dissolution of the Republic of Biafra |
1971 |
Bangladesh Liberation War |
Bangladesh |
Pakistan |
Independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan |
1975–ongoing |
Cabinda War |
Cabinda |
Angola |
Ongoing |
1975–1991 |
Western Sahara War |
Western Sahara |
Morocco |
Partition of Western Sahara between Morocco and Sahrawi Republic |
1976–2005 |
Insurgency in Aceh |
Free Aceh Movement |
Indonesia |
Special autonomy granted to Aceh, disarmament of the GAM |
1981–1991 |
Somaliland War of Independence |
Somali National Movement |
Somalia |
De facto independence of Somaliland from Somalia |
1982–ongoing |
Casamance conflict |
Casamance |
Senegal |
Low-level conflict since 2014 |
1983–2005 |
Second Sudanese Civil War |
South Sudan |
Sudan |
Independence of South Sudan from Sudan |
1988–1994 |
First Nagorno-Karabakh War |
Artsakh |
Azerbaijan |
De facto independence of the Republic of Artsakh from Azerbaijan |
1988–1998 |
Bougainville Civil War |
Bougainville |
Papua New Guinea |
Bougainville receives autonomy in 2002; voted in favour of independence in 2019 |
1990–1992 |
Transnistria War |
Transnistria |
Moldova |
De facto independence of Transnistria from Moldova |
1991–1992 |
South Ossetia War |
South Ossetia |
Georgia |
De facto independence for South Ossetia from Georgia |
1991 |
Liberation of Kuwait |
Kuwait |
Iraq |
Part of the Gulf War; Kuwait regains independence |
1991–1995 |
Croatian War of Independence |
Croatia |
Yugoslavia |
Independence of Croatia from Yugoslavia |
1991 |
Ten-Day War |
Slovenia |
Yugoslavia |
Independence of Slovenia from Yugoslavia |
1992–1995 |
Bosnian War |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
FR Yugoslavia[2] Croatia[2] |
Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from SFR Yugoslavia; the new country is divided between two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska[3] |
1992–1993 |
War in Abkhazia |
Abkhazia |
Georgia |
De facto independence for Abkhazia from Georgia |
1993–1996 |
First Chechen War |
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria |
Russia |
Chechnya maintains de facto independence from Russia |
1998–1999 |
Kosovo War |
Republic of Kosova |
Serbia & Montenegro |
No legal changes to Yugoslav borders according to the Resolution 1244, but de facto independence of Kosovo from the rest of Yugoslavia |
1999–2009 |
Second Chechen War |
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria |
Russia |
Defeat of Chechnya; reincorporation into Russia |
2012 |
Tuareg rebellion (2012) |
Azawad |
Mali |
Unrecognized independence of Azawad from Mali; renounced its independence in 2013 |
2014–ongoing |
Russo-Ukrainian War |
Ukraine |
Russia |
Also called a "rebirth," or a war of independence from Russia by some Ukrainian sources.[4][5][6] |
2014–2022 |
War in Donbas |
Donetsk People's Republic
Luhansk People's Republic |
Ukraine |
Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War; recognition of independence by Russia on 21 February 2022; annexed by Russia on September the same year. |
2017–ongoing |
Anglophone Crisis |
Ambazonia |
Cameroon |
Ongoing |
2020–ongoing |
Western Togoland Rebellion |
Western Togoland |
Ghana |
Ongoing |