WIEN2k

The WIEN2k package is a computer program written in Fortran which performs quantum mechanical calculations on periodic solids. It uses the full-potential (linearized) augmented plane-wave and local-orbitals [FP-(L)APW+lo] basis set to solve the Kohn–Sham equations of density functional theory.

WIEN2k

Original author(s)	P. Blaha, K. Schwarz, G. K. H. Madsen, D. Kvasnicka, J. Luitz, R. Laskowski, F. Tran and L. D. Marks
Developer(s)	Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien
Initial release	1990; 34 years ago (1990)
Stable release	WIEN2k_23.2[1] / February 15, 2023; 20 months ago (2023-02-15)[1]
Written in	Fortran 90
Operating system	Linux/Unix[2]
Available in	English
Type	Density functional theory
License	Proprietary (industry: 4000 €;[3] academic: 400 €[3])
Website	susi.theochem.tuwien.ac.at

WIEN2k was originally developed by Peter Blaha and Karlheinz Schwarz from the Institute of Materials Chemistry of the Vienna University of Technology. The first public release of the code was done in 1990.^[4] Then, the next releases were WIEN93, WIEN97, and WIEN2k.^[5] The latest version WIEN2k_23.2 was released in February 2023.^[6] It has been licensed by more than 3400 user groups and has about 16000 citations on Google scholar (Blaha WIEN2k).

WIEN2k uses density functional theory to calculate the electronic structure of a solid. It is based on the most accurate scheme for the calculation of the bond structure-the full potential energy (linear) augmented plane wave ((L) APW) + local orbit (lo) method. WIEN2k uses an all-electronic solution, including relativistic terms.

Features and calculated properties

WIEN2k works with both centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric lattices, with 230 built-in space groups. It supports a variety of functionals including local-density approximation (LDA), many different generalized gradient approximations (GGA), Hubbard models, on-site hybrids, meta-GGA and full hybrids, and can also include spin-orbit coupling and Van der Waals terms. It can be used for structure optimization, both unit cell dimensions and internal atomic positions. For the latter an adaptive fixed-point iteration is used which simultaneously solves for atomic positions and the electron density.^[7] The code supports both OpenMP and MPI parallelization, which can be used efficiently in combination. It also supports parallelization by dispatching parts of the calculations to different computers.

A number of different properties can be calculated using the densities, many of these in packages which have been contributed by users over the years. WIEN2K can be used to calculate:

• Density of states
• Electron and spin density
• Bader charges and critical points
• Wannier functions^[8]
• Total energies and energy differences
• Fermi surfaces
• Optical properties^[9]
• X-ray structure factors
• Atomic forces, from which phonon and elastic properties can be extracted
• Electric field gradients
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra^[10]
• X-ray emission and X-ray absorption spectra^[11]
• Electron energy loss spectra^[12]
• Berry phase and related topological properties.^[13][14]

See also

• List of quantum chemistry and solid state physics software

References

1. "WIEN2k". Retrieved 2023-04-27.
2. "WIEN2k-Computer requirements". Retrieved 2018-07-28.
3. "Request and Registration". Retrieved 2018-07-29.
4. Blaha, P.; Schwarz, K.; Sorantin, P.; Trickey, S.B. (1990). "Full-potential, linearized augmented plane wave programs for crystalline systems". Computer Physics Communications. 59 (2): 399–415. Bibcode:1990CoPhC..59..399B. doi:10.1016/0010-4655(90)90187-6.
5. Schwarz, Karlheinz; Blaha, Peter (2003). "Solid state calculations using WIEN2k". Computational Materials Science. 28 (2): 259–273. doi:10.1016/S0927-0256(03)00112-5.
6. Blaha, Peter; Schwarz, Karlheinz; Tran, Fabien; Laskowski, Robert; K. H. Madsen, Georg; D. Marks, Laurence (2020). "WIEN2k: An APW+lo program for calculating the properties of solids". Journal of Chemical Physics. 152 (7): 074101. Bibcode:2020JChPh.152g4101B. doi:10.1063/1.5143061. PMID 32087668. S2CID 211260657.
7. Marks, L. D. (2021). "Predictive Mixing for Density Functional Theory (and Other Fixed-Point Problems)". Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. 17 (9): 5715–5732. arXiv:2104.04384. doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00630. ISSN 1549-9618.
8. Kuneš, Jan; Arita, Ryotaro; Wissgott, Philipp; Toschi, Alessandro; Ikeda, Hiroaki; Held, Karsten (2010). "Wien2wannier: From linearized augmented plane waves to maximally localized Wannier functions". Computer Physics Communications. 181 (11): 1888–1895. arXiv:1004.3934. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2010.08.005.
9. Ambrosch-Draxl, Claudia; Sofo, Jorge O. (2006). "Linear optical properties of solids within the full-potential linearized augmented planewave method". Computer Physics Communications. 175 (1): 1–14. arXiv:cond-mat/0402523. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2006.03.005.
10. Laskowski, Robert; Blaha, Peter (2014). "Calculating NMR chemical shifts using the augmented plane-wave method". Physical Review B. 89 (1). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.89.014402. ISSN 1098-0121.
11. Schwarz, K; Wimmer, E (1980). "Electronic structure and X-ray emission spectra of YS in comparison with NbC". Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics. 10 (5): 1001–1012. doi:10.1088/0305-4608/10/5/028. ISSN 0305-4608.
12. Hébert, C. (2007). "Practical aspects of running the WIEN2k code for electron spectroscopy". Micron. 38 (1): 12–28. doi:10.1016/j.micron.2006.03.010.
13. Ahmed, S.J.; Kivinen, J.; Zaporzan, B.; Curiel, L.; Pichardo, S.; Rubel, O. (2013). "BerryPI: A software for studying polarization of crystalline solids with WIEN2k density functional all-electron package". Computer Physics Communications. 184 (3): 647–651. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2012.10.028.
14. Saini, Himanshu; Laurien, Magdalena; Blaha, Peter; Rubel, Oleg (2022). "WloopPHI: A tool for ab initio characterization of Weyl semimetals". Computer Physics Communications. 270: 108147. arXiv:2008.08124. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108147.

External links

• WIEN2k homepage