Floppy disk controller From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The FD1771, sometimes WD1771, is a floppy disk controller chip, the first in a line of floppy disk controllers produced by Western Digital. It uses single densityFM encoding introduced in the IBM 3740. Later models in the series added support for MFM encoding and increasingly added onboard circuitry that formerly had to be implemented in external components. Originally packaged as 40-pin dual in-line package (DIP) format,[1][2] later models moved to a 28-pin format that further lowered implementation costs.
Western Digital datasheet for the FD1771 floppy disk controller
The FD1771 was succeeded by many derivatives that were mostly software-compatible:
The FD1781 was designed for double density, but required external modulation and demodulation circuitry, so it could support MFM, M2FM, GCR[3] or other double-density encodings.[4][5]
The FD1791-FD1797 series added internal support for double density (MFM) modulation, compatible with the IBM System/34 disk format. They required an external data separator.[6]
The WD1761-WD1767 series were versions of the FD179x series rated for a maximum clock frequency of 1 MHz, resulting in a data rate limit of 125 kbit/s for single density and 250kbit/s for double density, thus preventing them from being used for 8-in (200mm) floppy drives or the later "high-density" 5.25-inch (133mm) or 90mm floppy drives. These were sold at a lower price point and widely used in home computer floppy drives.
The WD2791-WD2797 series added an internal data separator using an analog phase-locked loop, with some external passive components required for the VCO. They took a 1MHz or 2MHz clock and were intended for 8-inch (203mm) and 5.25-inch (133mm) drives.[7]
The WD1770, WD1772, and WD1773 added an internal digital data separator and write precompensator, eliminating the need for external passive components but raising the clock rate requirement to 8MHz. They supported double density, despite the apparent regression of the part number, and were packaged in 28-pin DIP packages.[8]
The WD1772PH02-02 was a version of the chip that Atari fitted to the Atari STE which supported high density (500kbit/s) operation. After production at WD could not be sustained, Atari decided to license the design and modify it to get high density and extra density (1 MBit/s) operation. The chip was codenamed "Ajax", had the number C302096 and was produced by Toshiba.[citation needed]
Many compatible chips were available from other vendors:
Michalopoulos, Demetrios A (October 1976). "New Products: Single-chip floppy disk formatter/controller". Computer. 9 (10). IEEE: 64. doi:10.1109/C-M.1976.218414."The FD1771 is a single-chip floppy disk formatter/controller that interfaces with most available disk drives and virtually all types of computers."
"Recent IC Announcements". Computer. 9 (10). IEEE: 66. October 1976. doi:10.1109/C-M.1976.218417. The FD1771 was announced on July 19, 1976, and sold for $60 each in lots of 100.
"Recent IC Announcements". Computer. 10 (12). IEEE: 140. December 1977. doi:10.1109/C-M.1977.217618. The FD1781 was announced on September 21, 1977. Supported Dual density; accommodates MFM, M2FM.
