Duet

"Duo (music)" redirects here. For a band or musical act featuring two members, see musical duo.

For other uses, see Duet (disambiguation) and Duo (disambiguation).

A duet is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece, often a composition involving two singers or two pianists. It differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. A piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is a "piano duet" or "piano four hands".^[1] A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is a "piano duo".

The Duet (1628), by Hendrick ter Brugghen

"Duet" is also used as a verb for the act of performing a musical duet, or colloquially as a noun to refer to the performers of a duet.

A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called a trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, etc.

History

When Mozart was young, he and his sister Marianne played a duet of his composition at a London concert in 1765. The four-hand, described as a duet, was in many of his compositions which included five sonatas; a set of variations, two performers and one instrument, and a sonata for two pianos. The first published sonata or duet was in 1777.^[2]

In Renaissance music, a duet specifically intended as a teaching tool, to be performed by teacher and student, was called a bicinium (see Étude).

In opera

Duets have always been a part of the structure of operas. Early 16th-century operas such as L'Orfeo and L'incoronazione di Poppea involve duets throughout the performance. In 17th-century Italy duets were often used in comic scenes within serious operas. In Baroque France the duet was popular in tragedies, such as songs of vengeance and confrontation. The love duet was characterized by singing in close harmonies of 3rds and 6ths, symbolizing unity after conflict.^[3]

Famous operatic duets

• La clemenza di Tito by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• La Cenerentola by Gioachino Rossini
• The Puritans of Vincenzo Bellini
• Don Pasquale by Gaetano Donizetti
• La traviata by Giuseppe Verdi
• Aida of Giuseppe Verdi
• Mefistofele of Arrigo Boito
• Manon Lescaut by Giacomo Puccini
• Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini
• L'amico Fritz by Pietro Mascagni

In pop music

Johnny Cash & June Carter

Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, duets have been common in the popular music of their respective eras. In addition to a standard vocal duet, some songs have been written to be heard as conversations; for example, "Baby, It's Cold Outside". Other songs are performed around a theme; for example, New York City in "Empire State of Mind". Occasionally, duets are an improvisation between artists; for example, "Under Pressure" by Queen and David Bowie. Bowie and Queen frontman Freddie Mercury reportedly composed the lyrics in a day by improvising together.^[4] Duets are also common in musical movies and musical theatre; "Fit as a Fiddle" for the 1952 movie Singin' in the Rain and its corresponding play of the same name.^[5]

Virtual duets

In addition to traditional duets performed live—either in front of an audience or recorded in a studio—a so-called virtual duet can be created by having a singer (or musician) perform over the top of a pre-existing recording. Such a duet is a form of overdubbing. A virtual duet is sometimes done when the singer (or musician) of the original recording is deceased; for example, a live performance by Paul McCartney on "I've Got a Feeling" with an isolated vocal recording of John Lennon from The Beatles' famous rooftop performance,^[6] or a recording of Judy Garland being dubbed over by her daughter Lorna Luft on "Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas".^[7] It can also be done with an earlier version of oneself (such as Yusuf / Cat Stevens on "Father And Son");^[8][9] incidentally, Ronan Keating did his own virtual duet with Yusuf on the same song.^[10] Virtual duets may also be done live via video link (such as Shaun Escoffery duetting with the late Eva Cassidy's videotaped performance of "Over the Rainbow" in honour of the late Sir Terry Wogan)^[11] or be constructed manually from two pre-existing recordings, generally where each singer/musician can have their own isolated audio channel in the form of a stem.

Entire albums of virtual duets have been created, including albums by Frank Sinatra (Duets and Duets II).

Theoretically, a duet could be constructed from any two pre-recorded singers or musicians so long as there are isolated audio channels from each artist. With the advent of audio deepfake technology, it is now possible to create virtual duets using an AI facsimile of a singer (or singers) who never sang the song in the first place. A famous example of this is "Heart on My Sleeve" by ghostwriter977, who wrote and produced an original song using voice models of Drake and The Weeknd.

Notable pop duets

• "Baby, It's Cold Outside" – Ricardo Montalbán and Esther Williams, and with roles reversed, Red Skelton and Betty Garrett, 1948
• "Dream a Little Dream of Me" – Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald, 1950
• "Chaplin and Keaton Violin and Piano Duet" – Limelight, 1952
• "I Got You Babe" – Sonny & Cher, 1965
• "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" – Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, 1967
• "Jackson" – Johnny Cash and June Carter, 1967
• "Somethin' Stupid" – Frank Sinatra and Nancy Sinatra, 1967
• "Waters of March" – Elis Regina and Antonio Carlos Jobim, 1972
• "Don't Go Breaking My Heart" – Elton John and Kiki Dee, 1976
• "You're The One That I Want" – John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John, 1978
• "Endless Love" – Diana Ross and Lionel Richie, 1981
• "Under Pressure" – Queen and David Bowie, 1981
• "Up Where We Belong" – Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes, 1982
• "Ebony and Ivory" – Paul McCartney and Stevie Wonder, 1982
• "Islands in the Stream" – Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton, 1983
• "Say Say Say" – Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson, 1983
• "Don't Give Up" – Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush, 1986
• "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" – Starship, 1987
• "Always" – Atlantic Starr, 1987
• "(I've Had) The Time of My Life" – Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, 1987
• "One Sweet Day" – Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men, 1995
• "Scream" – Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson, 1995
• "It's Your Love" – Tim McGraw and Faith Hill, 1997
• "Tell Him" – Barbra Streisand and Celine Dion, 1997
• "I'm Your Angel" – R. Kelly and Celine Dion, 1998
• "The Boy Is Mine" – Brandy and Monica, 1998
• "When You Believe" – Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey, 1998
• "Where You Are" – Jessica Simpson and Nick Lachey, 2000
• "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely" – Ricky Martin and Christina Aguilera, 2001
• "I Belong to You (Il ritmo della passione)" – Eros Ramazzotti and Anastacia, 2006
• "Beautiful Liar" – Beyoncé and Shakira, 2007
• "No Estamos Solos" – Eros Ramazzotti and Ricky Martin, 2007
• "Limpido" – Laura Pausini and Kylie Minogue, 2013
• "Hurt You" – Toni Braxton and Babyface, 2014
• "Bad Things" – Machine Gun Kelly and Camila Cabello, 2016

References

1. Christensen, T. (1999). "Four-Hand Piano". Journal of the American Musicological Society, 52(2) 255–298
2. Miller, H.-M. (1943). The Earliest Keyboard Duets. The Musical Quarterly, 29(4), 438–457.
3. Tilmouth, Michael. "Duet". Grove Music Online. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
4. "The Making of Queen and David Bowie's 1981 Hit "Under Pressure": Demos, Studio Sessions & More". www.openculture.com. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
5. Top 10 Best Movie Musical Duets, retrieved 2022-12-01
6. Paul McCartney- I've Got a Feeling (Virtual Duet- John Lennon) 6/4/2022 Carrier Dome, Syracuse, NY, retrieved 2022-12-01
7. Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas Lorna Luft Music Video, retrieved 2022-12-01
8. "Father & Son: A Duet 50 Years in the Making". Yusuf / Cat Stevens. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
9. Martoccio, Angie (10 September 2020). "Yusuf/Cat Stevens Duets with His Younger Self in 'Father and Son' Video". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
10. Ronan Keating, Yusuf - Father And Son, retrieved 2022-12-01
11. Richards, Will (2022-08-17). "Julian Lennon was "shocked" by Paul McCartney's virtual John Lennon duet". NME. Retrieved 2023-06-13.

External links

• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Duet" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• The dictionary definition of duet at Wiktionary