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Star in the constellation Virgo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Epsilon Virginis (ε Virginis, abbreviated Epsilon Vir, ε Vir), formally named Vindemiatrix /vɪndiːmiˈeɪtrɪks/,[12][13] is a star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is +2.8,[2] making it the third-brightest member of Virgo. Based upon parallax measurements made by the Gaia spacecraft, Vindemiatrix lies at a distance of about 108 light-years (33 parsecs) from the Sun, give or take 0.7 light-years.[1]
 | |
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Virgo |
| Right ascension | 13h 02m 10.5970s[1] |
| Declination | +10° 57′ 32.9359″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | +2.826[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | Red clump[3] |
| Spectral type | G8 III[4] |
| U−B color index | +0.718[2] |
| B−V color index | +0.940[2] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −14.96±0.03[5] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: -273.393 mas/yr[1] Dec.: +19.804 mas/yr[1] |
| Parallax (π) | 30.221 ± 0.1907 mas[1] |
| Distance | 107.9 ± 0.7 ly (33.1 ± 0.2 pc)[1] |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 0.37 ± 0.06[6] |
| Details | |
| Mass | 2.72±0.12[5] M☉ |
| Radius | 11.98[7][8] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 91.2[5] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 2.72±0.02[9] cgs |
| Temperature | 5,071[7] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.06±0.03[9] dex |
| Rotation | 173[10] days |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 2.37±0.41[5] km/s |
| Age | 562,[5] 700[3] Myr |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
Vindemiatrix is a giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III.[4] With 2.7[5] times the mass of the Sun and at an age of 700 million years,[3] it has reached a stage in its evolution where the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted. It is believed to be a red clump star; a red giant star fusing helium into carbon in its core surrounded by a shell fusing hydrogen into helium. As a result, it has expanded to 12[7][8] times the Sun's size and is now radiating around 91[5] times as much luminosity as the Sun. This energy is being emitted from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,071 K,[7] which gives it the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.[14]
This star is a likely member of the thin disk population and the orbit departs by no more than 60 pc (200 ly) from the galactic plane.[15]
ε Virginis (Latinised to Epsilon Virginis) is the star's Bayer designation.
It bore the traditional names Vindemiatrix and Vindemiator, which come from Greek through the Latin vindēmiātrix, vindēmiātor meaning 'the grape-harvestress'. Additional medieval names are Almuredin /ælˈmjʊərədɪn/,[16] Alaraph, Provindemiator, Protrigetrix and Protrygetor.[17] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[18] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[19] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Vindemiatrix for this star.
This star, along with Beta Virginis (Zavijava), Gamma Virginis (Porrima), Eta Virginis (Zaniah) and Delta Virginis (Minelauva), were Al ʽAwwāʼ, which is Arabic for 'the Barker'.[20]
In Chinese, 太微左垣 (Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán), meaning Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure, refers to an asterism consisting of Epsilon Virginis, Eta Virginis, Gamma Virginis, Delta Virginis and Alpha Comae Berenices.[21] Consequently, the Chinese name for Epsilon Virginis itself is 太微左垣四 (Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán sì, English: the Fourth Star of Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure.),[22] representing 東次將 (Dōngcìjiāng), meaning The Second Eastern General.[23] 東次將 (Dōngcìjiāng), westernized into Tsze Tseang by R.H. Allen and the meaning is "the Second General".[17]
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