Vermonter (train)

The Vermonter is a passenger train operated by Amtrak between St. Albans, Vermont, and Washington, D.C., via New York City.^[3] It replaced the overnight Montrealer, which terminated in Montreal until 1995. Amtrak receives funding from the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont for Vermonter operations north of New Haven.^[4]

Vermonter

The Vermonter at St. Albans station in 2018
Overview
Service type	Inter-city rail
Locale	New England, Mid-Atlantic states
Predecessor	Montrealer
First service	April 1, 1995
Current operator(s)	Amtrak in partnership with CTDOT, MassDOT and VTrans
Annual ridership	99,974 (FY23) 14.5%[lower-alpha 1][1]
Route
Termini	St. Albans, Vermont Washington, D.C.
Stops	29 (weekdays) 30 (weekends)
Distance travelled	611 miles (983 km)
Average journey time	12 hours, 40 minutes (northbound) 12 hours, 57 minutes (southbound)[2]
Service frequency	Daily
Train number(s)	54-57
On-board services
Class(es)	Coach Class Business Class
Disabled access	All cars, all stations
Catering facilities	Café
Baggage facilities	Overhead racks
Technical
Rolling stock	Amfleet cars
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Electrification	Overhead line: 12.5 kV AC at 60 Hz (New Haven–New York) 12 kV AC at 25 Hz (New York–Washington)
Operating speed	48 mph (77 km/h) (avg.) 125 mph (201 km/h) (top)
Track owner(s)	NECR, MassDOT, MNCR, Amtrak
Route map Legend 69 mi 111 km Montreal Quebec, Canada Vermont, United States Proposed extension 0 mi St. Albans 24 mi 39 km Essex Junction Winooski Branch to Burlington 47 mi 76 km Waterbury 56 mi 90 km Montpelier 86 mi 138 km Randolph 118 mi 190 km White River Junction 131 mi 211 km Windsor Connecticut River VT NH 140 mi 225 km Claremont Connecticut River NH VT 157 mi 253 km Bellows Falls 181 mi 291 km Brattleboro VT MA Pre-2014 route 205 mi 330 km Greenfield Amherst 224 mi 360 km Northampton 235 mi 378 km Holyoke Palmer (reverse move) 245 mi 394 km Springfield MA CT 260 mi 418 km Windsor Locks 271 mi 436 km Hartford 282 mi 454 km Berlin (bypassed 2018) 289 mi 465 km Meriden 295 mi 475 km Wallingford (bypassed 2018) Northeast Corridor to Boston 308 mi 496 km New Haven 321 mi 517 km Bridgeport 344 mi 554 km Stamford CT NY East River Tunnels under East River 379 mi 610 km New York City Empire Corridor to Albany NY NJ North River Tunnels under Hudson River 390 mi 628 km Newark Penn 404 mi 650 km Metropark 427 mi 687 km Princeton Junction 437 mi 703 km Trenton NJ PA Delaware River Keystone Corridor to Harrisburg 470 mi 756 km Philadelphia–30th Street PA DE 496 mi 798 km Wilmington DE MD 564 mi 908 km Baltimore 575 mi 925 km BWI Airport 596 mi 959 km New Carrollton MD DC Capitol Limited to Chicago 605 mi 974 km Washington, D.C. to Newport News, Norfolk, Roanoke, New Orleans, Miami This diagram: view talk edit

During fiscal year 2023, the Vermonter carried 99,974 passengers (not including riders between New Haven and Washington, D.C.), a 14.5% increase from FY22.^[5] In FY16, the train earned $5,718,268 in revenue, a decrease of 1.8% from FY15.^[6]

History

Montrealer

Main article: Montrealer (train)

The Vermonter was preceded by an overnight train between Montreal and Washington that was known as the Montrealer, which was inaugurated in 1924 as a joint service of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the New Haven Railroad, the Boston & Maine Railroad, the Central Vermont Railway and the Canadian National Railway. Another train, the Ambassador, ran the same route during the daytime, but terminated in New York City. Both services used the Boston and Maine's Connecticut River Line south of Vernon, Vermont, rather than the route prior to 2014 over the New England Central. Amtrak took over the train in 1971, and continued operating it until 1995 (excepting a brief suspension from 1987 to 1989).

Vermonter

The Vermonter at White River Junction, Vermont, in 1996

The Vermonter replaced the Montrealer on April 1, 1995, bringing daytime Amtrak service to Vermont.^[7]

Business Class was added to replace the sleeping cars that were taken out of service upon the change to the Vermonter. The route was changed to allow travelers from Vermont to again stop in Springfield and Hartford. This was made possible by the use of cab cars, or engineer positions on both ends, so that the train could travel east from Springfield to Palmer, Massachusetts, and reverse direction to continue north on the Central Vermont. This detour added an hour of running time, but at the time was judged more practical than seeking to use the direct route over the then-decayed former Boston and Maine Railroad trackage owned by the Guilford Rail System. The train travels from Washington to New Haven on the Northeast Corridor, where electric locomotives are substituted for the diesel locomotives used north of that location.

Vermont declined to pay for continuing the Vermonter to Montreal due to high labor and terminal costs in Montreal. For a time, Amtrak offered passengers a connecting Amtrak Thruway bus service, operated by Vermont Transit, which met the train at St. Albans for connections to and from Montreal. Ridership plunged when the train schedule was moved two hours earlier, requiring a southbound departure before 5:00 a.m. The schedule was returned to its previous position, but the service was dropped by Vermont Transit (which had been running it without a subsidy as part of its regular schedule) on October 30, 2005.

Vermonter at Wallingford, Connecticut

On October 30, 2006, the Vermonter began stopping at the towns of Wallingford and Windsor Locks (near Bradley International Airport) in Connecticut for the first time.^[8]

In the late 2000s, Amtrak and the State of Vermont considered the purchase of diesel multiple unit (DMU) trainsets for use on the New Haven–St. Albans stretch of the line,^[9] with Amtrak offering a $2 million grant to help make the switch and market the new service. The new cars would purportedly have saved $4.25 million over three years, being four times more fuel efficient than a locomotive-hauled train.^[10] In 2008, the Vermont state legislature approved the purchase of five cars from Colorado Railcar at a cost of $18.2 million, but the company closed while the decision was awaiting approval of Governor Jim Douglas.^[11] With no other DMU designs available that were capable of operating in mixed traffic with other trains, the plan was dropped.

On November 9, 2010, the State of Vermont, Amtrak, and New England Central began a $70 million project to increase train speeds along the route in Vermont to 59 miles per hour (95 km/h) between St. Albans and White River Junction, Vermont, and to 79 miles per hour (127 km/h) between White River Junction and Vernon, Vermont.^[12]

On October 5, 2012, the Federal Railroad Administration announced the completion of track work within the states of Vermont and New Hampshire for the above-mentioned stimulus plan. Within the states of Vermont and New Hampshire 190 miles (310 km) of track were refurbished. The track work included installation of continuous welded rail, road-crossing improvements, ballast replacement, tie replacement, bridge repair and renovation, and embankment improvements. The top speed of the line within Vermont was increased to 79 miles per hour (127 km/h).^[13][14] The Massachusetts portion of the track work was completed in 2015.

On October 5, 2015, the southbound Vermonter derailed in Northfield, Vermont, after striking a rock slide. Five cars and the engine derailed; the engine and an empty car slid down an embankment. Five passengers and two crew members were injured, one seriously.^[15]

Starting June 9, 2018, the Vermonter no longer serves the Berlin and Wallingford stations in Connecticut. These locations are served by other Amtrak trains and by the new Hartford Line commuter rail service.^[4]

In March 2020, the Vermonter was truncated to New Haven as part of a reduced service plan due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[16][17] The move was forced after the pandemic prompted Vermont Governor Phil Scott to declare a state of emergency. The Vermonter resumed its full route on July 19, 2021, with $1 promotional fares on that date for travel within Vermont.^[18][19]

2014 route change

See also: Connecticut River Line

A Vermonter backing up at Palmer in 2007. Visible are two GE P42DCs and six Amfleet cars.

Until 1987, the Montrealer traveled on the Connecticut River Line between Springfield and Brattleboro with a stop in Northampton. Due to the deteriorating condition of the tracks in that section, Amtrak ceased service by the train.

When the Vermonter service restored train service between Springfield's Union Station, Brattleboro and points north in 1995, the Vermonter traveled a somewhat-indirect route: east to Palmer, Massachusetts, and then north up the east side of the Connecticut River via Amherst, Massachusetts. It used CSX Transportation's Boston Subdivision between Springfield and Palmer. At Palmer, it made a backup move on to the New England Central Railroad (NECR), as no direct track connection existed. Massachusetts later rehabilitated the more-direct Connecticut River Line route with $10 million in state and $73 million in federal American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds.^[20][21]

During rehabilitation of the Connecticut River Line, Vermonter service was restored to it on December 29, 2014. With the re-route, the train ceased stopping at Amherst, but a stop was restored to Northampton and, for the first time for Amtrak, a stop at Greenfield was added. The re-route and consequent elimination of the backup move saved about 25 minutes of travel time between Springfield and Brattleboro when the line rehabilitation was completed, in early 2015.^[22][23][24]

Although the backup move at Palmer is eliminated by the re-route, a short backup move at Springfield is still required due to the layout of the tracks.^[25] The tracks at Springfield Union Station run east-west, so the northbound Vermonter needs to curve into the station, back out, and switch back onto the tracks continuing north; the opposite move occurs for southbound trains.

In January 2015, the number of Vermonter riders using the two new stations (in Northampton and Greenfield) was up 84 percent compared to the equivalent station in Amherst the previous year.^[26] An infill stop in Holyoke was added on August 27, 2015.^[27][28]

Vermonter Total Ridership by Year (FY17-FY23)

On March 26, 2020, service north of New Haven was temporarily suspended.^[29] On November 30, 2020, service was cut back further from New Haven to New York.^[30] This was done in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Service to St. Albans resumed on July 19, 2021.^[19]

Planned extension of the Vermonter to Montreal

Efforts have been underway for many years to extend the Vermonter to Montreal. In 2012, the Federal Railroad Administration awarded $7.9 million to allow for the upgrade of the existing freight rail line between St. Albans and the Canada–US border.^[31] Work on this project was completed in late 2014.

On March 16, 2015, Canada and the United States signed the "Agreement on Land, Rail, Marine, and Air Transport Preclearance Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Canada". The agreement would allow for the establishment of a preclearance customs and immigration facility within Central Station in Montreal that could be used by both an extended Vermonter and Amtrak's existing Adirondack train.^[32]

Before the Vermonter can be extended to Montreal, the United States Congress must pass enabling legislation for the preclearance agreement and the Parliament of Canada must ratify the agreement. Construction of a preclearance facility in Central Station is expected to take about three years: one year for planning and permitting and two years for construction. Construction of the preclearance facility is not expected to start until after the preclearance agreement has been approved by both governments.^[33][34] Enabling legislation was enacted by the United States on December 16, 2016, as the Promoting Travel, Commerce, and National Security Act of 2016.^[35] As of late 2018, logistics have delayed the extended route's introduction until at least 2023.^[36] As of late 2021, according to Vermont transportation officials, while the United States remains active on the project, interest and engagement from regional and federal authorities on the Canadian side has frozen.^[37]

In 2021, VTrans looked into potential infrastructure upgrades that would allow the Vermonter to reach 79 mph (127 km/h) on sections in Vermont, up from 59 mph (95 km/h). Saving around 1 hour 30 minutes between New Haven and Montreal, this scenario is forecast to incentivize an additional 31,100 to 40,900 riders per year by 2040. A key component to increasing the speed limit would be the installation of centralized traffic control from Greenfield to Brattleboro and from White River Junction to the border.^[38]

Operation

Equipment

Most Vermonter trains consist of five cars hauled by a locomotive.^[39]

A coach car aboard the Vermonter as it rolls through Braintree, Vermont

The passenger cars are the Amfleet I series passenger cars built by the Budd Company in the mid-to-late 1970s. Most trains include an Amfleet club car which has a combination of Business Class seating with a Café (food service/lounge) and four Coach Class cars.^[39]

Between St. Albans and New Haven, trains are pulled by a GE Genesis diesel locomotive at speeds up to 110 mph (177 km/h). Between New Haven and Washington, the service operates over the Northeast Corridor which has overhead electric wires and trains are pulled by Siemens ACS-64 electric locomotives at speeds up to 125 mph (201 km/h)

In the coming years all equipment will be replaced with Amtrak Airo trainsets, the railroad's branding of its combination of Siemens Venture passenger cars and a Siemens Charger diesel-electric locomotive.^[40] The trainsets for the Vermonter will have six passenger cars, which will include a food service area and a mix of 2x2 Coach Class and 2x1 Business Class seating.^[41] The car closest to the locomotive will be a specialized "Auxiliary Power Vehicle" which will include a pantograph to collect power from overhead lines and will feed it to four traction motors in the car, and via a DC link cable, to the four traction motors in the locomotive.^[42] The arrangement will offer a near seamless transition between power sources at New Haven, a process that currently requires a time-consuming locomotive change.

Classes of service

All classes of service include complimentary WiFi, an electric outlet (120 V, 60 Hz AC) at each seat, reading lamps, fold-out tray tables. Reservations are required on all trains, tickets may be purchased online, from an agent at some stations, a ticketing machine at most stations, or, at a higher cost, from the conductor on the train.^[43]

• Coach Class: 2x2 seating. Passengers self-select seats on a first-come, first-served basis.^[44]
• Business Class: 2x1 seating with more legroom than coach. Passengers receive complimentary soft drinks. Seats assigned in advance.^[45]

Route

Map of the Vermonter route

The Vermonter uses Amtrak and ConnDOT's electrified Northeast Corridor line from Washington, D.C., to New Haven, Connecticut. After switching to a diesel locomotive at New Haven, it then uses the Amtrak-owned New Haven–Springfield Line north to Springfield, Massachusetts,^[4] and the MassDOT-owned Connecticut River Line between Springfield and Northfield, Massachusetts. From Northfield to St. Albans, Vermont, it traverses New England Central Railroad trackage.^[46] Weekend trains have an additional stop at Metropark station in Iselin, New Jersey.^[4]

The Vermont Agency of Transportation offers discounted fares for travel between most Vermont stations along the route.^[47]

Station stops

State	Mile (km)	Location	Station	Connections
VT	0 (0)	St. Albans	St. Albans	Green Mountain Transit (GMT): 96, 109, 110, 115, 116
	24 (39)	Essex Junction	Essex Junction	GMT: 2, 10
	47 (76)	Waterbury	Waterbury	GMT: 83, 86, 100
	56 (90)	Montpelier	Montpelier
	86 (138)	Randolph	Randolph	Intercity bus: Tri-Valley Transit
	118 (190)	White River Junction	White River Junction	Green Mountain Railroad StageCoach: 89er Advance Transit: Orange Line
	131 (211)	Windsor	Windsor
NH	140 (230)	Claremont	Claremont
VT	157 (253)	Bellows Falls	Bellows Falls	The Current: 2, 53, 55, 57 Intercity bus: Greyhound
	181 (291)	Brattleboro	Brattleboro Union Station	The Current: 4, 5, 7, 7S, 10, 11, 53, Brattleboro White Line
MA	205 (330)	Greenfield	John W. Olver Transit Center	Amtrak: Valley Flyer FRTA: 20, 21, 24, 31, 32, 41 Intercity bus: Greyhound
	224 (360)	Northampton	Northampton Union Station	Amtrak: Valley Flyer PVTA: B48, G73E, R41, R44
	235 (378)	Holyoke	Holyoke	Amtrak: Valley Flyer PVTA: R24, R29, T24, X90
	245 (394)	Springfield	Springfield Union Station	Amtrak: Lake Shore Limited, Northeast Regional, Amtrak Hartford Line, Valley Flyer CTrail: Hartford Line PVTA Bus: B4, B6, B7, B7S, B12, B17, G1, G2, G2E, G3, P20, P20E, P21, P21E, R10, R14, X92, LOOP Intercity bus: Greyhound, Peter Pan Bus Lines
CT	260 (420)	Windsor Locks	Windsor Locks	Amtrak: Hartford Line, Northeast Regional, Valley Flyer CTrail: Hartford Line CTtransit Bus: 24, 96, 905
	271 (436)	Hartford	Hartford Union Station	Amtrak: Hartford Line, Northeast Regional, Valley Flyer CTrail: Hartford Line CTfastrak: 101 Hartford/New Britain, 102 Hartford/New Britain/Bristol, 128 Hartford/Westfarms-New Britain CTtransit Bus: 30, 45X, 62, 64, 66, 72, 74, 82, 83, 84, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, SC, DASH, PPB
	289 (465)	Meriden	Meriden Transit Center	Amtrak: Hartford Line, Northeast Regional, Valley Flyer CTrail: Hartford Line CTtransit Bus: 215, 561, 563, 564, 565, 950
	308 (496)	New Haven	New Haven Union Station	Amtrak: Acela, Hartford Line, Northeast Regional CTrail: Hartford Line, Shore Line East Metro-North: ■ New Haven Line Local bus: CTtransit New Haven Intercity bus: Greyhound, Peter Pan
	321 (517)	Bridgeport	Bridgeport	Amtrak: Northeast Regional Metro-North: ■ New Haven Line, ■ Waterbury Branch Local bus: Greater Bridgeport Transit Authority
	344 (554)	Stamford	Stamford Transportation Center	Amtrak: Acela, Northeast Regional Metro-North: ■ New Haven Line, ■ New Canaan Branch Local bus: CTtransit Stamford Intercity bus: Greyhound
NY	379 (610)	New York	New York Penn Station	Amtrak (long-distance): Cardinal, Crescent, Lake Shore Limited, Palmetto, Silver Meteor, Silver Star Amtrak (intercity): Acela, Adirondack, Berkshire Flyer, Carolinian, Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express, Keystone Service, Maple Leaf, Northeast Regional, Pennsylvanian Long Island Rail Road: ■ City Terminal Zone, ■ Port Washington Branch NJ Transit: ■ North Jersey Coast Line, ■ Northeast Corridor Line, ■ Gladstone Branch, ■ Montclair-Boonton Line, ■ Morristown Line NYC Subway: ​​​​ Local bus: MTA Bus
NJ	390 (630)	Newark	Newark Penn Station	Amtrak: Acela, Cardinal, Carolinian, Crescent, Keystone Service, Palmetto, Pennsylvanian, Silver Meteor, Silver Star Newark Light Rail NJ Transit Rail: ■ North Jersey Coast Line, ■ Northeast Corridor Line, ■ Raritan Valley Line PATH: NWK-WTC Local bus: NJ Transit Bus Intercity bus: Greyhound, Coach USA, Fullington Trailways
	404 (650)	Iselin	Metropark	Amtrak: Acela, Crescent, Keystone Service, Northeast Regional, Palmetto NJ Transit Rail: ■ Northeast Corridor Line Local bus: NJ Transit Bus
	427 (687)	Princeton Junction	Princeton Junction station	Amtrak: Keystone Service, Northeast Regional NJ Transit Rail: ■ Northeast Corridor Line Local bus: NJ Transit Bus
	437 (703)	Trenton	Trenton Transit Center	Amtrak: Cardinal, Carolinian, Crescent, Keystone Service, Northeast Regional, Palmetto, Pennsylvanian, Silver Star, Silver Meteor NJ Transit Rail: ■ Northeast Corridor Line, ■ River Line SEPTA Regional Rail: ■ Trenton Line Local bus: NJ Transit Bus, SEPTA Suburban Bus
PA	470 (760)	Philadelphia	30th Street Station	Amtrak: Acela, Cardinal, Carolinian, Crescent, Keystone Service, Northeast Regional, Palmetto, Pennsylvanian, Silver Meteor, Silver Star SEPTA Regional Rail: all routes NJ Transit Rail: ■ Atlantic City Line SEPTA Metro: Market–Frankford Line, Subway–Surface Trolleys Local bus: SEPTA City Bus, SEPTA Suburban Bus, NJ Transit Bus Intercity bus: Megabus, BoltBus, Martz Trailways
DE	496 (798)	Wilmington	Wilmington	Amtrak: Acela, Cardinal, Carolinian, Crescent, Northeast Regional, Palmetto, Silver Meteor, Silver Star SEPTA Regional Rail: ■ Wilmington/​Newark Line Local bus: DART First State Intercity bus: Greyhound
MD	564 (908)	Baltimore	Baltimore Penn Station	Amtrak: Acela, Cardinal, Carolinian, Crescent, Northeast Regional, Palmetto, Silver Meteor, Silver Star MARC: ■ Penn Line Light RailLink Local bus: MTA Maryland, Charm City Circulator
	575 (925)	Linthicum	BWI Airport	Amtrak: Acela, Crescent, Northeast Regional MARC: ■ Penn Line Shuttle to Baltimore/Washington International Airport Local bus: MTA Maryland, UMBC Transit
	596 (959)	New Carrollton	New Carrollton	Amtrak: Northeast Regional MARC: ■ Penn Line Metro: Orange Line Local bus: Metrobus, TheBus, MTA Maryland Intercity bus: Greyhound
DC	605 (974)	Washington	Washington Union Station	Amtrak: Acela, Capitol Limited, Cardinal, Carolinian, Crescent, Northeast Regional, Palmetto, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Amtrak Thruway MARC: ■ Brunswick Line, ■ Camden Line, ■ Penn Line Virginia Railway Express: ■ Manassas Line, ■ Fredericksburg Line Metro: Red Line DC Streetcar: H Street/Benning Road Line Local bus: Metrobus, DC Circulator, MTA Maryland, Loudoun County Transit, PRTC Buses Intercity bus: Greyhound, Megabus, BoltBus, BestBus, Peter Pan, OurBus

See also

• Adirondack (train)
• Ethan Allen Express
• Maple Leaf (train)

References

1. "Amtrak Fiscal Year 2023 Ridership" (PDF). Amtrak. November 27, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
2. "Amtrak Timetable Results". www.amtrak.com. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
3. "Vermonter". Amtrak. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
4. "Vermonter Timetable" (PDF). Amtrak. June 9, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
5. "Amtrak FY23 Ridership" (PDF). Amtrak. November 30, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 1, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
6. "Amtrak FY16 Ridership and Revenue Fact Sheet" (PDF). Amtrak. April 17, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
7. "Northbound Montrealer at St. Albans, Vt. — Amtrak: History of America's Railroad". history.amtrak.com. Amtrak. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
8. "Amtrak System Timetable Fall 2006 – Winter 2007". The Museum of Railway Timetables. Amtrak. October 30, 2006. p. 65. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
9. "Commuter rail study faces old questions, new opportunities". VT Digger. June 21, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
10. "Vermont considers buying smaller passenger cars for Amtrak route". Connecticut Post. August 9, 2006.
11. Edwards, Bruce (June 22, 2008). "Rail plan off track for now". Barre Montpelier Times Argus. Retrieved June 22, 2008.^{[permanent dead link]}
12. "Vermont, Amtrak formally kick off high speed work". Trains. November 9, 2010. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
13. "Railroad Amtrak Article - USDOT, FRA mark completion of Vermonter rail project. Information For Rail Career Professionals From Progressive Railroading Magazine". Progressiverailroading.com. October 8, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
14. "Vermonter improvements completed on time and on budget | Railway Track & Structures". Rtands.com. October 5, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
15. Carrero, Jacqueline (October 5, 2015). "Amtrak Train Derails in Northfield, Vermont: State Police". NBC News. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
16. Tourangeau, Ariana (March 27, 2020). "Amtrak's Vermonter train temporarily out of service". WWLP. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
17. "Service Adjustments Due to Coronavirus" (Press release). Amtrak. April 6, 2020. Archived from the original on April 6, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
18. "Vermont marking return of Amtrak service after COVID". AP NEWS. July 19, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
19. "Amtrak and Vermont Agency of Transportation Celebrate Restoration of Vermont Trains With One Dollar Tickets, Half Off Summer Travel and Special Events". Amtrak Media Center. July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
20. Merzbach, Scott (February 27, 2014) [February 16, 2014]. "Pioneer Valley Business 2014: Development hopes ride on expanded rail". Daily Hampshire Gazette. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
21. "Lieutenant Governor Murray, Congressman Olver and Congressman Neal Announce Construction Underway for ARRA-Funded Knowledge Corridor" (Press release). Commonwealth of Massachusetts. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on September 1, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
22. Davis, Richie (May 7, 2009). "Gov. Deval Patrick takes train to region, announces state to spend $17 million on track for passenger service". Daily Hampshire Gazette.
23. Roessler, Mark (May 7, 2009). "Train Departing Amherst Station". Valley Advocate. Archived from the original on July 16, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2009.
24. Garofolo, Chris (May 26, 2009). "Groups study improving train service". Brattleboro Reformer. Archived from the original on May 27, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2009.
25. "Vermont State Rail Plan" (PDF). Vermont Agency of Transportation. January 28, 2015. pp. 5–6. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
26. Epp, Henry (March 24, 2015). "Amtrak Line in Western Massachusetts Sees Boost in Riders; Business Impacts Unclear". WNPR News.
27. Eisenstadter, Dave (December 22, 2014). "Vermonter rolls up 'Knowledge Corridor' to show off higher-speed rail service coming to Valley". Daily Hampshire Gazette.
28. Plaisance, Mike (March 24, 2019) [August 27, 2015]. "Holyoke Celebrates Return of Passenger Train Service with $4.3 Million Station Platform". MassLive. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
29. "Service Adjustments Due to Coronavirus". Amtrak. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
30. "Service Adjustments Due to Coronavirus". Amtrak. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
31. Bowen, Douglas John (June 21, 2012). "Grant aids Montrealer's return, advocates say". Railway Age. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
32. "United States and Canada Sign Preclearance Agreement" (Press release). Washington: Department of Homeland Security. March 16, 2015.
33. Vermont Rail Council Minutes of Meeting (Draft) (PDF) (Report). Vermont Rail Council. December 16, 2015. p. 6.
34. Bowen, Douglas John (March 16, 2015). "Pact bodes well for restored Amtrak Montrealer". Railway Age. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
35. Pub. L. 114–316 (text) (PDF), H.R. 6431, 130 Stat. 1593, enacted December 16, 2016
36. "Amtrak Canary Coalmine". Montpelier: Vermont Business Journal. September 1, 2018.
37. "Rail Council updates on the Ethan Allen & Montreal lines | Vermont Business Magazine".
38. "Vermont Rail Plan: Passenger Rail Forecasting Scenarios" (PDF). Vermont Agency of Transportation. May 2021. pp. 17–19. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
39. "Amtrak – Vermonter". TrainWeb. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
40. "Introducing Our New Trains: Amtrak Airo". Amtrak. December 15, 2022. Retrieved December 15, 2022.
41. "Amtrak FY 2022–2027 Asset Line Plan" (PDF). Amtrak. p. 132. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
42. Worrell, Carolina (December 19, 2022). "First Look: Amtrak Airo". Railway Age. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
43. "Travel Guide to Train Fares". Amtrak. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
44. "Reserved Coach Class Seat". Amtrak. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
45. "Seat Selection". Amtrak. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
46. "Vermont Rail Plan" (PDF). Vermont Agency of Transportation. May 2021. p. 9,15,16. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
47. "Passenger Rail Service". Vermont Agency of Transportation.

Notes

1. Amtrak's Fiscal Year (FY) runs from October 1 of the prior year to September 30 of the named year.

Further reading

• Solomon, Brian (2004). Amtrak. Saint Paul, Minnesota: MBI. ISBN 978-0-7603-1765-5.

External links

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