Urophagia

Urophagia is the consumption of urine, by people or other animals.

Urine was used in several ancient cultures for various health, healing, and cosmetic purposes; urine drinking is still practiced today.^[1] In extreme cases, where no other other aqueous fluids are available, people may drink urine -- despite numerous credible sources (including the US Army Field Manual) that advise against using it.

Urine may also be consumed as a sexual activity.^{[citation needed]}

Reasons for urophagia

As an emergency survival technique

Survival guides such as the US Army Field Manual, the SAS Survival Handbook,^[2] and others^{[3][better source needed]} generally advise against drinking urine for survival.^[4] These guides state that drinking urine tends to worsen rather than relieve dehydration due to the salts in it, and that urine should not be consumed in a survival situation, even when no other fluid is available.^[4]

In one incident, Aron Ralston drank urine when trapped for several days with his arm under a boulder.^[5] Survivalist television host Bear Grylls drank urine and encouraged others to do so on several episodes on his TV shows.^[6]

Sexual pleasure

See soupeur, urolagnia

Folk medicine

Further information: Urine therapy

In various cultures, alternative medicine applications exist of urine from humans, or animals such as camels or cattle, for medicinal or cosmetic purposes, including drinking of one's own urine, but no evidence supports their use.^[7][8]

Forced

People may be forced to drink urine as a form of torture or humiliation, as in the case of a Dalit boy in Jaunpur, India, who in 2023 was accused by local youths of sexually harassing a girl.^[9]

In non-human animals

Some animals such as masculine gazelles drink urine from mates from the same species, humans & other animals in any gender, or oneself.

Health warnings

The World Health Organization has found that the pathogens contained in urine rarely pose a health risk.^{[citation needed]} However, it does caution that in areas where Schistosoma haematobium, a parasitic flatworm, is prevalent, it can be transmitted from person to person.^{[10][citation not found]}