Uridine triphosphate

Uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of the organic base uracil linked to the 1′ carbon of the ribose sugar, and esterified with tri-phosphoric acid at the 5′ position. Its main role is as substrate for the synthesis of RNA during transcription. UTP is the precursor for the production of CTP via CTP synthetase.^[1] UTP can be biosynthesized from UDP by Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase after using the phosphate group from ATP.^[2][3] UDP + ATP ⇌ UTP + ADP;^[4] both UTP and ATP are energetically equal.^[4]

Uridine triphosphate

Names
IUPAC name Uridine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)
Systematic IUPAC name O1-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl} tetrahydrogen triphosphate
Identifiers
CAS Number	63-39-8 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL605653 N
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.508
MeSH	Uridine+triphosphate
PubChem CID	6133
UNII	UT0S826Z60 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0041147
Properties
Chemical formula	C9H15N2O15P3
Molar mass	484.141
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

The homologue in DNA is thymidine triphosphate (TTP or dTTP). UTP also has a deoxyribose form (dUTP).

Role in metabolism

UTP also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of ATP, but more specific. When UTP activates a substrate (like Glucose-1-phosphate), UDP-glucose is formed and inorganic phosphate is released.^[5] UDP-glucose enters the synthesis of glycogen. UTP is used in the metabolism of galactose, where the activated form UDP-galactose is converted to UDP-glucose. UDP-glucuronate is used to conjugate bilirubin to a more water-soluble bilirubin diglucuronide. UTP is also used to activate amino sugars like Glucosamine-1-phosphate to UDP-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphate to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.^[6]

Role in receptor mediation

UTP also has roles in mediating responses by extracellular binding to the P2Y receptors of cells. UTP and its derivatives are still being investigated for their applications in human medicine. However, there is evidence from various model systems to suggest it has applications in pathogen defense and injury repair. In mice UTP has been found to interact with P2Y4 receptors to mediate an enhancement in antibody production.^[7] In Schwannoma cells, UTP binds to the P2YP receptors in the event of damage.  This leads to the downstream signal cascade that leads to the eventual injury repair.^[8]

See also

• CTP synthase

References

1. Meisenberg, Gerhard Meisenberg (2017). Principles of Medical Biochemistry. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Elsevier. p. 505. ISBN 978-0-323-29616-8.
2. Victor, Rodwell (2015). Haper's illustrated Biochemistry. USA: McGraw-Hill. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-07-182537-5.
3. Meisenberg, Gerhard Meisenberg (2017). Principles of MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, 4th edition. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Elsevier. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-323-29616-8.
4. Voet, Donald (2011). Biochemistry, 4th edition. USA: JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. p. 645. ISBN 978-0-470-57095-1.
5. Rodwell, Victor (2015). Harper's illustrated Biochemistry. USA: McGraw-Hill. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-07-182537-5.
6. Rodwell, Victor (2015). Harper's illustrated biochemistry, 13th edition. USA: McGraw-Hill. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-07-182537-5.
7. Iwaki, Yoshimi; Sakai, Yusuke; Ochiai, Kenji; Umemura, Takashi; Sunden, Yuji (2014-03-01). "Enhancement of antibody production against rabies virus by uridine 5′-triphosphate in mice". Microbes and Infection. 16 (3): 196–202. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2013.11.012. ISSN 1286-4579. PMID 24309427.
8. Lamarca, Aloa; Gella, Alejandro; Martiañez, Tania; Segura, Mònica; Figueiro-Silva, Joana; Grijota-Martinez, Carmen; Trullas, Ramón; Casals, Núria (2014-06-06). Zegers, Mirjam M. (ed.). "Uridine 5′-Triphosphate Promotes In Vitro Schwannoma Cell Migration through Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activation". PLOS ONE. 9 (6): e98998. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...998998L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098998. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4048211. PMID 24905332.