USP (satellite bus)

The USP, for Universal Space Platform (Russian: Универсальная Космическая Платформа, romanized: Universal'naya Kosmicheskaya Platforma; Russian: УКП, romanized: UKP), also known as Viktoria (Виктория), is a highly flexible satellite bus designed and manufactured by RSC Energia.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]} It is called universal because it has been designed to be operated from LEO to GEO.^[1] It is a three axis stabilized platform with electric propulsion for station keeping, but chemical propellant is offered as an option.^[1] The bus can offer up to 3000 W of power and a payload capacity up to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) for Low Earth orbit or HEO an up to 300 kg (660 lb) for geostationary orbit.^[1]

USP
(УКП)

Manufacturer	RSC Energia
Country of origin	Russia
Applications	Communications,
Specifications
Spacecraft type	LEO to GEO universal platform
Dry mass	950 kg (2,090 lb) to 1,200 kg (2,600 lb)
Payload capacity	HEO: 500 kg (1,100 lb) to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) GEO 250 kg (550 lb) to 300 kg (660 lb)
Power	HEO up to 3000W GEO up to 2000W
Batteries	NiH2
Regime	LEO, HEO and GEO
Design life	HEO >= 7 years GEO >=12.5 years
Production
Status	In Production
On order	12
Built	7
Launched	7
Operational	3
Retired	1
Failed	2
Lost	1
Maiden launch	September 06, 1999, Yamal 101 and Yamal 102
Last launch	Dec 26, 2017, Angosat 1

The platform is designed for direct orbital injection, and thus lacks orbit raising propulsion.^[3] It does however, support dual launching on Proton-M, which can enable cheap launching, or the use of smaller vehicles like the Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M or even the Dnepr for low energy orbits.^[1]

List of USP bus satellites

While not the most successful satellite bus, the USP is characterized by its commercial beginnings and the huge orbital flexibility.

Satellite	Order	Launch	Launch Vehicle	Launch Site	Intended Orbit	Launch Result	Launch Weight	Status	Remarks
Yamal 101	—	1999-09-06	Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M	Baikonur Site 81/23	GEO	Success	1,360 kg (3,000 lb)	Failed at separation	Dual launch with Yamal 102. Failed at launch [7][8][9][10][11]
Yamal 102	—	1999-09-06	Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M	Baikonur Site 81/23	GEO	Success	1,360 kg (3,000 lb)	Retired on August 9, 2010	Dual launch with Yamal 101.[7][8][9][10]
Yamal 201	2001	2003-11-24	Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M	Baikonur Site 81/23	GEO	Success	1,360 kg (3,000 lb)	Failed on June 5, 2014	Dual launch with Yamal 202. Failed on orbit[12][13][14][8][15][16][17][18]
Yamal 202	2001	2003-11-24	Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M	Baikonur Site 81/23	GEO	Success	1,320 kg (2,910 lb)	Operational	Dual launch with Yamal 201[19][20][8][15][16][17][21]
BelKa 1	2003	2006-07-26	Dnepr	Baikonur Site 109/95	SSO	Failure	750 kg (1,650 lb)	Launch failure	[22][23][24]
Tundra L11	2007	2015-11-17	Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	HEO	Success	—	Operational	[25][26]
Tundra L12	2007	2017-05-25	Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	HEO	Success	—	Operational	[25][27]
Angosat 1	2009	2017-12-26	Zenit-3F/Fregat-SB	Baikonur Site 45/1	GEO	Success	1,550 kg (3,420 lb)	Commissioning	The ground controllers lose contact with the satellite shortly after launch, but later regained after the satellite was properly aligned with sun and confirmed that its onboard systems are in good health.[28][29][6][30]
Tundra L13	2007	2018	Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	HEO	2018	—	Planned	[25][27]
Energia-100		2018	Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	GEO	2018	—	Planned	[31][6]
Tundra L14	2007	2019	Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	HEO	2019	—	Planned	[25][27]
Tundra L15	2007	2020	Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	HEO	2020	—	Planned	[25][27]
Yamal 203	2001	Cancelled	Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M	Baikonur	GEO	Cancelled	1,360 kg (3,000 lb)	Cancelled	[6][12][8][16][17]
Yamal 204	2001	Cancelled	Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M	Baikonur	GEO	Cancelled	1,320 kg (2,910 lb)	Cancelled	[6][19][8][16][17]
Yamal 301	2003	Cancelled	Proton-M/Blok DM-03	Baikonur	GEO	Cancelled	1,330 kg (2,930 lb)	Cancelled	[6][32][8][33]
Yamal 302	2003	Cancelled	Proton-M/Blok DM-03	Baikonur	GEO	Cancelled	1,330 kg (2,930 lb)	Cancelled	[6][34][8][33]

See also

• RSC Energia – The USP bus designer and manufacturer.
• Gazprom Space Systems – Satellite communication division of the Russian oil giant Gazprom.
• Yamal – Communication satellite family operated by Gazprom Space Systems.
• EKS early warning system – A Russian early warning satellite system designed by RSC Energia that is based on the USP bus.

External links

• RSC Energia USP page Archived 2016-06-17 at the Wayback Machine

References

1. "Universal Space Platform". RSC Energia. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
2. "YAMAL-200 Communications Satellite". RSC Energia. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
3. "YAMAL-200 Communications Satellite Satellite Components". RSC Energia. Archived from the original on 2016-06-04. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
4. "YAMAL-200 Communications Satellite Bus Module". RSC Energia. Archived from the original on 2016-06-09. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
5. "YAMAL-200 Communications Satellite Payload module". RSC Energia. Archived from the original on 2016-06-09. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
6. Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2015-10-16). "RKK Energiya: USP (Victoria)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
7. Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Yamal 101, 102". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
8. Zak, Anatoly (April 21, 2016). "Yamal communication satellites". RussiaSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
9. Pillet, Nicolas. "Yamal/Historie/Nécessité de renouvellement" [Yamal/History/The necessity of renewal]. Kosmonavtika (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-08-19. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
10. Pillet, Nicolas. "Yamal/Historie/La plate-forme universelle" [Yamal/History/The universal platform]. Kosmonavtika (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-08-19. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
11. "Yamal 101". Satbeams. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
12. Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Yamal 201, 203". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
13. "Russian satellite failure leads to channels move". DigitalTVEurope.NET. June 9, 2014. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
14. Todd, David (June 10, 2014). "Yamal 201 may have failed in orbit as customers are moved to other satellites". Seradata Space Intelligence. Archived from the original on 2016-09-21. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
15. Zak, Anatoly (March 9, 2016). "Proton missions in 2003". RussiaSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
16. Pillet, Nicolas. "Yamal/Historie/Premier tir, premier revers" [Yamal/History/The first setbacks]. Kosmonavtika (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-08-19. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
17. Pillet, Nicolas. "Yamal/Historie/La deuxième génération" [Yamal/History/The second generation]. Kosmonavtika (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-08-19. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
18. "Yamal 201". Satbeams. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
19. Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Yamal 202, 204". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
20. "Yamal-202 technical performance". Gazprom Space Systems. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
21. "Yamal 201". Satbeams. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
22. Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "BelKa 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
23. Zak, Anatoly (December 17, 2012). "BelKA". RussiaSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
24. Pillet, Nicolas. "Le satellite BelKA/Historique" [The history of the BelKa satellite]. Kosmonavtika (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-08-20. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
25. Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Tundra (EKS, 14F142)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
26. Zak, Anatoly (December 7, 2015). "First launch into the EKS constellation". RussiaSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
27. Zak, Anatoly (November 19, 2015). "Development of the EKS system". RussiaSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
28. Henry, Caleb (29 December 2017). "Angosat-1 communications restored after post-launch glitch - SpaceNews.com". SpaceNews.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
29. Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "AngoSat 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
30. "Angosat 1". Satbeams. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
31. "Спутник "Энергия-100" планируют запустить с "Восточного" в 2018 году" [Energia-100 satellite planned for a 2018 launch from Vostochny] (in Russian). Ria Novosti. October 6, 2015. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
32. Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Yamal 301". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
33. Pillet, Nicolas. "Yamal/Historie/Les Yamal-300" [Yamal/History/The Yamal-300]. Kosmonavtika (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-08-19. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
34. Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Yamal 302". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.