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The Turks in Hungary, also referred to as Turkish Hungarians and Hungarian Turks, (Hungarian: Magyarországi törökök, Turkish: Macaristan Türkleri) refers to ethnic Turks living in Hungary. The Turkish people first began to migrate predominantly from Anatolia during the Ottoman rule of Hungary (1541-1699). A second wave of Ottoman-Turkish migration occurred in the late 19th century when relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire improved; most of these immigrants settled in Budapest.[2] Moreover, there has also been a recent migration of Turks from the Republic of Turkey, as well as other post-Ottoman states (such as Bulgaria).[1]
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| "Ottoman Turkish": 1,565 (2001 census)[1] "Bulgarian-Turkish": 91 (2001 census)[1] Turkish citizens: 2,500 (2015 est.) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Budapest, Pécs, Siklós | |
| Languages | |
| Turkish · Hungarian | |
| Religion | |
| Islam, Christianity, irreligious |
Language
Most Hungarian Turks are bilingual and can speak both Turkish and Hungarian. Moreover, due to the Ottoman rule during the 16th-17th centuries, the Turkish language has also influenced greater Hungarian society; today, there are still numerous Turkish loanwords in the Hungarian language.[3]
Religion
The Turkish people, alongside the Arabs, make up the majority of the Muslim population in Hungary.[5] Several Ottoman-Turkish historical mosques are used by the Muslim community, including the Yakovali Hassan Pasha Mosque in Pécs, and the Malkoch Bey Mosque in Siklos.[6]
The Eger minaret.
Mosque of Pasha Qasim in Pécs (now a church).
Malkoch Bey Mosque in Siklos
Yakovali Hassan Mosque in Pécs
According to the 2001 census, 2,711 inhabitants declared their language under the "Turkish language family", of which, the majority (57.73%) stated that they belonged to the "Ottoman Turkish" ethnicity (1,565).[1] Furthermore, 12 individuals declared to be "Turk" and 91 "Bulgarian-Turkish" (see Bulgarian Turks); the rest declared other Turkic ethnicities.[1] In the 2011 census 5,209 inhabitants declared themselves under "Török nyelvek" ("Turkish languages"); however, the publication does not show the distinction between different Turkic groups.[7]
In addition, there is also approximately 2,500 recent Turkish immigrants from Turkey living in Hungary.[8]
In 2005 the Turkish community, alongside ethnic Hungarian Muslims, established "The Dialogue Platform".[9] By 2012, a new Turkish cultural association the "Gül Baba Turkish-Hungarian Cultural Association" was established in Szentendre, near Budapest.[9]
- Zakaria Erzinçlioğlu, Britain's leading forensic entomologist[10]
- György Ekrem-Kemál, far-right politician (Turkish father and Hungarian mother)[11]
- İbrahim Peçevi, Ottoman historian-chronicler (Turkish father and Bosnian mother); his name means "İbrahim of Pécs"
- Can Togay, actor, film director, and creator of the Shoes on the Danube Bank Holocaust memorial[12]
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