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Trojan.Win32.DNSChanger is a backdoor trojan that redirects users to various malicious websites through the means of altering the DNS settings of a victim's computer. The malware strain was first discovered by Microsoft Malware Protection Center on December 7, 2006[1] and later detected by McAfee Labs on April 19, 2009.[2]
DNS changer trojans are dropped onto infected systems by other means of malicious software, such as TDSS or Koobface.[3] The trojan is a malicious Windows executable file that cannot spread towards other computers. Therefore, it performs several actions on behalf of the attacker within a compromised computer, such as changing the DNS settings in order to divert traffic to unsolicited, and potentially illegal and/or malicious domains.[2][1]
The Win32.DNSChanger trojan is used by organized crime syndicates to maintain click fraud. The user's browsing activity is manipulated through various means of modification (such as altering the destination of a legitimate link to then be forwarded to another site), allowing the attackers to generate revenue from pay-per-click online advertising schemes. The trojan is commonly found as a small file (+/- 1.5 kilobytes) that is designed to change the NameServer registry key value to a custom IP address or domain that is encrypted in the body of the trojan itself. As a result of this change, the victim's device would contact the newly assigned DNS server to resolve names of malicious webservers.[4]
Trend Micro described the following behaviors of Win32.DNSChanger:
- Steering unknowing users to malicious websites: These sites can be phishing pages that spoof well-known sites in order to trick users into handing out sensitive information. A user who wants to visit the iTunes site, for instance, is instead unknowingly redirected to a rogue site.
- Replacing ads on legitimate sites: Visiting certain sites can serve users with infected systems a different set of ads from those whose systems are not infected.
- Controlling and redirecting network traffic: Users of infected systems may not be granted access to download important OS and software updates from vendors like Microsoft and from their respective security vendors.
- Pushing additional malware: Infected systems are more prone to other malware infections (e.g., FAKEAV infection).[3]
- Win32:KdCrypt[Cryp] (Avast)
- TR/Vundo.Gen (Avira)
- MemScan:Trojan.DNSChanger (Bitdefender Labs)
- Win.Trojan.DNSChanger (ClamAV)
- variant of Win32/TrojanDownloader.Zlob (ESET)
- Trojan.Win32.Monder (Kaspersky Labs)
- Troj/DNSCha (Sophos)
- Mal_Zlob (Trend Micro)
- MalwareScope.Trojan.DnsChange (Vba32 AntiVirus)
- Trojan.Win32.DNSChanger.al
- F-Secure, a cybersecurity company, received samples of a variant that were named PayPal-2.5.200-MSWin32-x86-2005.exe. In this case, the PayPal attribution indicated that a phishing attack was likely.[5] The trojan was programmed to change the DNS server name of a victim's computer to an IP address in the 193.227.xxx.xxx range.[6]
- The registry key that is affected by this trojan is:
HKLM\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\NameServer
- Other registry modifications made involved the creation of the below keys:
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{random},DhcpNameServer = 85.255.xx.xxx,85.255.xxx.xxxHKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{random},NameServer = 85.255.xxx.133,85.255.xxx.xxxHKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\,DhcpNameServer = 85.255.xxx.xxx,85.255.xxx.xxxHKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\,NameServer = 85.255.xxx.xxx,85.255.xxx.xxx[6]
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