Topaz (hummingbird)

This article is about hummingbirds from the genus Topaza. For the ruby topaz, see Ruby-topaz hummingbird.

The topazes are two species of hummingbirds in the genus Topaza. They are found in humid forests in the Amazon Basin. Males are by far the largest hummingbirds in their range – the giant hummingbird of the Andes is the only larger species in the family. Males have a total length of about 22 cm (8+3⁄4 in), although this includes their elongated rectrices. They are colourful, being mainly strongly iridescent golden and crimson with a black hood and a green throat. Females lack the elongated rectrices and have a mainly green plumage.^[1]

Topaz
Crimson topaz (Topaza pella)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Subfamily:	Florisuginae
Genus:	Topaza G.R. Gray, 1840
Type species
Trochilus pella Linnaeus, 1758
Species
2, see text

Taxonomy

The genus Topaz was introduced by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840 with the crimson topaz as the type species.^[2][3] The genus contains two species, the crimson topaz and the fiery topaz.^[4] Although generally considered to be distinct species, they have in the past been thought to be conspecific by some authors.^[5]

Genus Topaza – Linnaeus, 1758 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Crimson topaz	Topaza pella Linnaeus, 1758 Three subspecies T. p. pella Linnaeus (1758) T. p. smaragdulus Bosc (1792) T. p. microrhyncha Butler, AL (1926)	Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Fiery topaz	Topaza pyra Gould, 1846 Three subspecies Topaza pyra pyra – it occurs from southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru and southern Venezuela Topaza pyra amaruni – it occurs in the western parts of the Amazon in Peru and Ecuador (Napo River and Río Corrientes) Topaza pyra pamprepta – it occurs in eastern Ecuador (Napo River and Río Suno region)	Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

References

1. "Crimson topaz (Topaza pella)". Oiseaux Birds. 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
2. Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 13.
3. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 92.
4. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
5. Hu, Da-Shih; Joseph, Leo; Agro, David (2000). "Distribution, Variation and Taxonomy of Topaza Hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae)" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropica. 11: 123–142.

Further reading

• Restall, R., C. Rodner, & M. Lentino (2006). Birds of Northern South America. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-7243-9 (vol. 1), ISBN 0-7136-7242-0 (vol. 2).