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In fluid dynamics, the Toms effect is a reduction of the drag of a turbulent flow thought a pipeline when polymer solutions are added.[1]
In 1948, B. A. Toms discovered[2] by experiments that the addition of a small amount of polymer into a Newtonian solvent (parts per million by weight), which results in a non-Newtonian fluid solution, can reduce the skin frictional drag on a stationary surface by up to 80% when turbulence is present.[1]
This technology has been successfully implemented to reduce pumping cost for oil pipelines, to increase the flow rate in fire fighting equipment and to help irrigation and drainage.[3][4] It also has potential applications in the design of ship and submarine hulls to achieve an increased speed and reduced energy cost.
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