Toma Raspasani (Italian: Tomasso Raspassani, c. 1648-1718) was an Albanian Franciscan friar and vicar, subordinate Pjetër Bogdani, Archbishop of Skopje, with whom he organized an Albanian pro-Austrian movement that would fight in the Great Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire.
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don Toma Raspasani |
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| Born | 1648
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| Died | 1718
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| Nationality | Ottoman-Albanian |
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| Alma mater | Jesuit Illyrian College |
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| Known for | Organizing pro-Austrian Albanian rebels in Kosovo during Great Turkish War |
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| Movement | pro-Austrian |
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| Family | Raspasani |
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He was born in 1648.[1][2] His definite birthplace has not been established, and it is thought to have been in either Skopska Crna Gora, or the surroundings of Prizren or Peja.[1][2] According to British author Noel Malcolm it was Skopska Crna Gora.[3] At the time these were part of the Ottoman Sanjak of Üsküb and Sanjak of Prizren. He most likely enrolled in the primary school and theological school of Janjevo.[1][2] Toma was educated by Jesuits at Illyrian college in Loreto.[4] After studying in Italy he was appointed parish priest in Prizren in 1679.[3] According to different sources, he spoke Albanian, Serbian, Latin and Italian.
With the outbreak of the Great Turkish War, the Austrian Empire sought allies in Southeastern Europe. On November 1,[5] or November 6, General Enea Silvio Piccolomini reached Prizren, where he according to sources was received by "an archbishop and a patriarch".[6] This has been interpreted by some Yugoslav historians as being Albanian Catholic Pjetër Bogdani, Archbishop of Skopje, and Arsenije III Čarnojević, the Serbian Patriarch.[5][7][8] Those sources claim that Piccolomini consulted with Patriarch Arsenije and Archbishop Bogdani about the organization of newly recruited rebels and providing food for them, and Raspasani helped Piccolomini a lot, as the negotiations went through him as he knew Latin and Italian.[9] However the patriarch could not have been the Serbian Patriarch, since "he was absent from the region at that time".[6] Pjetër Bogdani seemed to have played the leading role in organizing the Albanian pro-Austrian movement in the region, while Raspasani was also prominent.[3] According to some sources, Raspasani was the one who gathered the Albanians by himself.[8]
Piccolomini died in Prizren of plague on November 9, 1689, during negotiations.[10] General Federico Veterani succeeded Piccolomini.[10] Raspasani substituted the deceased Bogdani (1689†) as the leader of the Albanian pro-Austrian movement.[11]
The Austrians began fortifying Niš,[when?] and Lieutenant colonel Antonije Znorić returned from Belgrade to Niš with 2,500 infantry of the Serbian Militia after the order of Veterani; Raspasani was also with them, as a translator.[12][13]
Raspasani wrote in 1693 that many of the Catholics of Kosovo had left for Budapest, "where most of them died, some of hunger, others of disease".[14]
After the retreat of the Habsburgs from Kosovo in 1690, Raspasani moved together with the army towards Buda, where he stayed until the end of his life. His life is recorded there in archival documents of the city. He seems to have had a good life, with great wealth, being an active member of society. Raspasani served holding a high position at one of the churches of the city, where he was close to the Jesuit order. His testament written just before his death in 1718 is still kept at the archival funds in Budapest.[15]
Andrić 1991, p. 295: "Тома Распасановић, рођен око 1648. године (можда у Скопској Црној гори или у околини Призрена или Пећи, што још није сасвим сигурно утврђено) завршио је основну, мисионарску, школу вероватно у Јањеву, на 72 МЈсћае1" Österreichisches Staatsarchiv (1960). Mitteilungen des österreichischen Staatsarchivs, Volume 13. Österreichische Staatsdruckerei. pp. 220, 221, 228, p. 221. Toma Raspasanovic, geboren um 1648 (im Bergland um Üsküb oder in der Umgebung von Prizren oder Ipek, was noch nicht eindeutig geklärt wurde), besuchte die Volks- und Missionärsschule vermutlich in Janjevo auf dem Amselfeld.
Marko Jačov (2001). L'Europa tra conquiste ottomane e Leghe Sante. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. p. 131. ISBN 9788821007309. Non soltanto il patriarca serbo, Arsenije Carnojevic, ma anche l'arcivescovo cattolico di Scopie, Pietro Bogdani, ei "capi delle vicine nazioni" accolsero il generale Piccolomini il 1 novembre 1689 a Prizren, una volta sede del re e poi
Forcade & Nivet 2008, p. 75: "Puis le 6 novembre, Piccolomini est entre a Prizren ou il a ete recu, disent les sources, par « un archeveque et patriarche ». Est-ce l'archevê que catholique albanais Bogdani ? Il est, en revanche, certain (comme l'a montré l'historien britannique Noël Malcolm) que ce ne peut être le patriarche serbe orthodoxe Arsène III Cernojevic, absent de la region a cette date... Toujours est-il que le clergé catholique, Bogdani et un de ses collaborateurs Toma Raspasani, favorise le ralliement des Albanais à l'empereur." Šufflay 1925, p. 67: "kad je austrijska vojska (1689) pro* drla duboko u Balkan. Tada je pri zadobivanju Arbanasa za ustanak proti Turcima stekao najviše zasluge Franjevac Toma Rospasari, dok je vodja srpskih ustaša bio pećki patrijarh Arse* nije III." Društvo istoričara SR Srbije 1959, p. 134: "да су прегово- рима у Призрену, истина, присуствовали и патријарх Арсеније и Петар Богдани са својим викаром дон Томом, али да је дон Тома био тај који је „целу ову тако успешну (1) акцију око придобијања Арбанаса, водио." Društvo istoričara SR Srbije 1959, p. 147: "Пиколомини се саветовао из болесничке постеље са патријархом Арсенијем III и скоп- ским надбискупом Богданијем о уређењу новопридошлих устаника, о њи- ховој исхрани итд. Том приликом викар скопског надбискупа дон Тома Распасановић много помогао генералу Пиколинију, јер су преко њега вођени преговори пошто је он знао латински и талијански" Bexheti, Nuri. Der "Große Türkenkrieg" und die Albaner: Die militärische Präsenz der Balkanvölker am "Großen Türkenkrieg" (1683-1699) Suedwestdeutscher Verlag 2009.
Radovan Samardžić (1981). Istorija srpskog naroda, Volume 3, Part 1. Srpska knjiiževna zadruga. p. 523. Аустријанци су почели да утврђују Ниш, а потпу- ковник Антоније Знорић се по Ветеранијевом наређењу вратио из Београда у Ниш са 2.500 пешака Српске милиције; с њима је био и Распасановић као тумач јер је говорио
Stefan Čakić (1982). Velika seoba Srba 1689/90 i patrijarh Arsenije III Crnojević. pp. 101–102. Из Београда је заједно са српском милицијом отишао у Ниш по наређењу генерала Ветеранија, коме је, по дон Томином казивању, био потребан због знања српског и арбанашког језика
Sources
- Andrić, Ljubisav (1991). Seoba u sporovima (in Serbian). Novi Sad: Književna zajednica Novog Sada. ISBN 9788673312286.
- Društvo istoričara SR Srbije (1959). Istorijski Glasnik, Issue 1–2.
- Forcade, Olivier; Nivet, Philippe (2008). Les réfugiés en Europe du XVIe au XXe siècles: actes du colloque du centre d'histoire des sociétés, des sciences et des conflicts de l'Université de Picardie Jules Verne tenu à Amiens les 23 et 24 mars 2007 (in French). Nouveau Monde. ISBN 978-2-84736-306-7. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
- Frantz, Eva (2009), Albanische Geschichte: Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung, München: Oldenbourg, ISBN 978-3-486-58980-1, OCLC 456185602, retrieved 13 December 2011
- Malcolm, Noel (1998). Kosovo: a short history. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-66612-8. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
- Šufflay, Milan (1925). Srbi i Arbanasi: (njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku). Seminar za arbanasku filologiju.
- Veselinović, Rajko L. (1956), Toma Raspasanović (Raspassani) i njegov rad za austro-turskog rata krajem XVII veka : rasprava iz kulturne i vojno-političke istorije (in Serbian), Novi Sad: Matica Srpska, OCLC 440643553
