Tinigua language
Endangered language of Colombia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tinigua (Tiniguas) is an endangered language isolate spoken in Colombia which used to form a small language family with the now extinct Pamigua language.
Final speakers
Summarize
Perspective
As of 2000, Tinigua had only two remaining speakers, Sixto Muñoz (Tinigua name: Sɨsɨthio ‘knife’) and his brother, Criterio. Criterio died some time around 2005, leaving behind Sixto as the last remaining speaker of Tinigua.[2] Formerly a resident of the Serranía de la Macarena in Meta Department, Sixto Muñoz currently resides in Jiw village of Barrancón, near the main town of Guaviare Department.[3]: 1029 They lived in Meta Department, between the Upper Guayabero and Yari rivers.[4]
Muñoz also speaks Spanish and is thought to have been born somewhere from 1924-1929. He has five children, but he chose not to teach them Tinigua because they would not have any use for it.[5]
Below is a comparison of Tinigua forms elicited from Sixto Muñoz in 2019 compared with Tinigua and Pamigua words recorded in Castellví (1940).[6][3]
| English gloss | Tinigua (Sixto Muñoz) | Tinigua (Castellví) | Pamigua (Castellví) |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye | sıt̵́i | zőti, zɘ̀ti | sete, xete |
| water | ɲikʷájtʃi | ñikwáiši | nikagé |
| fire | hikʰítsa | ičísa | ekísa |
| woman | ɲísa | ñíza, ñísä | nixtá |
| dog | hanó | xamno, xámiu | xannó |
| jaguar | kʰíɲa ~ tʃíɲa | číña, ǰíña, xiña | xiñaga |
| corn | jóʔhá | t’óka, tióka | xukxá |
| manioc | komáha | xaačá | xoayoa |
| let's go | minahá | manaxǎí | menáxa |
| chili pepper | tsákha | ţáxa | saxa |
| good | hajohási | ayuxáǐ | ayoxagua (‘good morning’) |
| plantain | mandótha | madóxa | mandotá |
| spirit | hamajiéha | pan-kianóso | kinoxá (‘enemy’) |
| man | tsɨtsía | psäţeyá | piksiga |
| five | tsátokwahá (tsátho-kwaʔa ‘left.side-hand’) | xopa-kuáxa | saksu-kuaxa |
| eleven | tapásaɲóha | čimatóse-kiésä | čipsé ipa-kiaxi |
References
Further reading
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