The 2018 Pacific hurricane season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The season officially started on May15 in the eastern Pacific—east of 140°W—and began on June1 in the central Pacific—the region between the International Date Line and 140°W, and ended on November30. These dates typically cover the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the eastern Pacific basin.[1] The season began with the formation of Tropical Depression One-E, which developed on May 10, and ended with the dissipation of the season's final storm, Tropical Storm Xavier, which dissipated as a tropical cyclone on November 5.
Quick Facts Timeline of the 2018 Pacific hurricane season, Season boundaries ...
The 2018 hurricane season was exceptionally active and featured the highest Accumulated Cyclone Energy since reliable records began in 1971.[2] Throughout the season, 26tropical depressions developed, 23 of which became tropical storms. A total of 13 tropical storms reached hurricane strength, and 10 hurricanes achieved major hurricane intensity.[3][nb 1] The basin saw above-average activity across all regions from the International Date Line to the west coast of Mexico and Central America. Activity peaked from early August to early October, with several long-lived and powerful hurricanes developing in that time period. Several storms severely affected land, such as Hurricane Lane in Hawaii and Hurricane Willa in Mexico. In contrast to the similarly active 2015 Pacific hurricane season, 2018 was not significantly influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Instead, low pressures and increased sea surface temperatures associated with the Pacific Meridional Mode supported the development of these intense and long-lived storms.[2]
Four time zones are utilized in the basin: Central for storms east of 106°W, Mountain between 114.9°W and 106°W, Pacific between 140°W and 115°W,[4] and Hawaii–Aleutian for storms between the International Date Line and 140°W.[5] However, for convenience, all information is listed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) first with the respective local time included in parentheses. This timeline includes information that was not released while the storm was active, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center is included. This timeline documents the formation of tropical cyclones as well as the strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season.
May
Tropical Depression One-E several hours after being classified as a tropical cyclone on May 10
12:00UTC (6:00a.m.MDT) at 15.7°N 111.0°W / 15.7; -111.0 (Aletta reaches peak intensity at Category 4)– Hurricane Aletta quickly strengthens into a Category4 hurricane roughly 470mi (755km) southwest of Punta Pérula, Jalisco. Simultaneously, the storm reaches peak intensity with winds of 140mph (220km/h) and a minimum pressure of 943mbar (27.8inHg).[9]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. CDT) at 11.0°N 103.8°W / 11.0; -103.8– Tropical Depression Seven develops from an area of low pressure approximately 560miles (900km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Colima.[14]
18:00UTC (11:00a.m. PDT) at 15.5°N 116.0°W / 15.5; -116.0 (Hurricane Fabio attains peak intensity)– Hurricane Fabio attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 110mph (175km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 964mbar (hPa; 28.47inHg) about 640miles (1,035km) southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula.[14]
06:00UTC (11:00p.m. PDT, July4) at 19.0°N 123.4°W / 19.0; -123.4 (Hurricane Fabio weakens)– Hurricane Fabio weakens into a tropical storm approximately 905miles (1,455km) west-southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula.[14]
Tropical Storm Gilma's path across the Eastern Pacific Ocean from July 26–29
06:00UTC (11:00p.m. PDT, July26) at 14.2°N 126.3°W / 14.2; -126.3 (Tropical Storm Gilma reaches peak intensity)– Tropical Storm Gilma reaches peak intensity with winds of 45mph (75km/h) and a pressure of 1005 mbar (hPa; 29.68 inHg), while located approximately 1,210miles (1,945km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.[15]
12:00UTC (5:00a.m. CDT) at 15.8°N 101.2°W / 15.8; -101.2 (Ileana peaks)– Tropical Storm Ileana peaks with winds of 65mph (100km/h) and a minimum pressure of 998mbar (29.47inHg) approximately 170miles (490km) southeast of Manzanillo, Mexico.[18]
18:00UTC (08:00a.m. PDT) at 15.1°N 142.5°W / 15.1; -142.5 (Hurricane Hector peaks)– Hurricane Hector reaches peak intensity with winds of 155mph (250km/h) and a minimum pressure of 936mbar (27.64inHg) approximately 890miles (1,430km) east-southeast of Hilo, Hawaii.[17]
18:00UTC (12:00p.m. MDT) at 18.3°N 110.1°W / 18.3; -110.1 (Hurricane John reaches peak intensity)– Hurricane John reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 110mph (175km/h) and a minimum pressure of 964mbar (28.5inHg) while located roughly 315mi (505km) south of Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur.[19]
00:00UTC (5:00p.m. PDT, August 14) at 11.0°N 120.6°W / 11.0; -120.6 (14-E forms)– Tropical Depression Fourteen-E forms 1,075mi (1,730km) southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula.[21]
06:00 UTC (8:00p.m. HST, August 21) at 14.5°N 154.3°W / 14.5; -154.3 (Hurricane Lane peaks) – Hurricane Lane peaks with winds of 160mph (260km/h) and a minimum pressure of 926mbar (27.3inHg), about 360 miles (580km) south of Hilo, Hawaii.[21]
18:00UTC (11:00a.m. PDT) at 17.6°N 118.4°W / 17.6; -118.4 (Hurricane Norman peaks)– Hurricane Norman peaks with winds of 150mph (240km/h) and a minimum pressure of 937mbar (27.7inHg), approximately 520 miles (835km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.[23]
August 31
18:00UTC (8:00a.m. HST) at 18.7°N 141.2°W / 18.7; -141.2 (Hurricane Miriam peaks)– Hurricane Miriam peaks as a Category2 hurricane with winds of 100mph (155km/h) and a minimum pressure of 974mbar (28.8inHg) approximately 910 miles (1,465km) east of Hilo, Hawaii.[22]
23:30UTC (1:30p.m. HST) at 38.7°N 178.1°W / 38.7; -178.1– Scatterometer data reveals Invest 96C to have attained peak winds of 45mph (75km/h) about 980mi (1,575km) south of Adak, Alaska.[27]
September 2
00:00UTC (5:00p.m. PDT, September 1) at 15.4°N 111.2°W / 15.4; -111.2– Tropical Depression Seventeen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Olivia about 230mi (370km) south of Socorro Island.[24]
17:30UTC (7:30a.m. HST) at 40.6°N 177.1°W / 40.6; -177.1– Dvorak assessments of Invest 96C indicate it to have weakened into a tropical depression about 780mi (1,255km) south of Adak, Alaska.[28]
5:30UTC (7:30p.m. HST, September 2) at 42.6°N 178.3°W / 42.6; -178.3– The Satellite Products and Service Division issues its final bulletin on Invest 96C as Dvorak assessments indicate the system to be too weak to classify as a tropical cyclone about 645mi (1,040km) south of Adak, Alaska.[29]
06:00UTC (11:00p.m. PDT, September 2) at 18.8°N 133.8°W / 18.8; -133.8 (Hurricane Norman weakens)– Hurricane Norman degenerates into a Category3 hurricane approximately 1,565 miles (2,520km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.[23]
00:00UTC (5:00p.m. PDT, September 3) at 19.7°N 139.4°W / 19.7; -139.4 (Hurricane Norman weakens)– Hurricane Norman degenerates into a Category1 hurricane approximately 1,905 miles (3,065km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.[23]
00:00UTC (5:00p.m. PDT, September 3) at 16.8°N 115.6°W / 16.8; -115.6– Tropical Storm Olivia intensifies into a Category1 hurricane approximately 120mi (195km) southwest of Clarion Island.[24]
12:00UTC (5:00a.m. PDT) at 16.9°N 117.6°W / 16.9; -117.6– Hurricane Olivia rapidly intensifies into a Category2 hurricane about 215mi (345km) west-southwest of Clarion Island.[24]
18:00UTC (11:00a.m. PDT) at 16.8°N 118.6°W / 16.8; -118.6– Hurricane Olivia rapidly intensifies into a Category3 hurricane about 275mi (440km) west-southwest of Clarion Island.[24]
September 5
Hurricane Olivia as a high-end Category 3 hurricane on September 6
00:00UTC (5:00p.m. PDT, September 4) at 16.8°N 119.6°W / 16.8; -119.6– Hurricane Olivia reaches its initial peak intensity with winds of 125mph (205km/h) and a pressure of 954mbar (hPa; 28.17inHg) approximately 335mi (540km) west-southwest of Clarion Island.[24]
12:00UTC (5:00a.m. PDT) at 17.0°N 121.8°W / 17.0; -121.8– Increasing wind shear causes Hurricane Olivia to weaken into a Category2 hurricane approximately 470mi (760km) west-southwest of Clarion Island.[24]
September 6
12:00UTC (5:00a.m. PDT) at 18.1°N 126.6°W / 18.1; -126.6– Hurricane Olivia unexpectedly re-intensifies into a Category3 hurricane approximately 780mi (1,255km) west of Clarion Island.[24]
00:00UTC (5:00p.m. PDT, September 6) at 18.9°N 129.2°W / 18.9; -129.2– Hurricane Olivia further intensifies into a Category4 hurricane and reaches its peak intensity with winds of 130mph (215km/h) and a minimum pressure of 951mbar (hPa; 28.08inHg) about 950mi (1,525km) west of Clarion Island.[24]
06:00UTC (11:00p.m. PDT, September 6) at 19.4°N 130.5°W / 19.4; -130.5– Hurricane Olivia weakens into a Category3 hurricane about 1,035mi (1,665km) west-northwest of Clarion Island.[24]
12:00UTC (5:00a.m. PDT) at 19.9°N 131.8°W / 19.9; -131.8– Hurricane Olivia further degenerates into a Category2 hurricane approximately 1,120mi (1,800km) west-northwest of Clarion Island.[24]
06:00UTC (11:00p.m. PDT, September 7) at 21.1°N 135.9°W / 21.1; -135.9– Hurricane Olivia degenerates into a Category1 hurricane about 1,250mi (2,010km) east-northeast of Hilo, Hawaii.[24]
06:00UTC (12:00a.m. MDT) at 15.5°N 114.5°W / 15.5; -114.5– Tropical Depression Eighteen-E develops from an area of low pressure about 680mi (1,095km) south-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Sur.[30]
00:00UTC (2:00p.m. HST, September 8) at 21.8°N 140.2°W / 21.8; -140.2– Hurricane Olivia enters the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility.[24]
00:00UTC (5:00p.m. PDT, September 8) at 16.0°N 117.0°W / 16.0; -117.0– Tropical Depression Eighteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Paul roughly 220mi (355km) southwest of Clairon Island.[30]
18:00UTC (11:00a.m. PDT) at 18.1°N 118.6°W / 18.1; -118.6– Tropical Storm Paul achieves its peak intensity with winds of 45mph (75km/h) and a pressure of 1002mbar (29.59inHg) about 250mi (400km) west of Clairon Island.[30]
September 10
12:00UTC (2:00a.m. HST)– Norman dissipates over 860 miles (1,385km) north-northeast of Hilo, Hawaii.[23]
September 11
06:00UTC (8:00p.m. HST, September 10) at 21.9°N 149.8°W / 21.9; -149.8– Hurricane Olivia weakens into a tropical storm approximately 375mi (605km) northeast of Hilo, Hawaii.[24]
06:00UTC (11:00a.m. PDT, September 10) at 21.8°N 122.6°W / 21.8; -122.6– Tropical Storm Paul degenerates into a tropical depression about 560mi (900km) northwest of Clairon Island.[30]
September 12
Animated infrared satellite imagery of Tropical Storm Olivia making landfalls on Maui and Lanai, Hawaii, on September12
00:00UTC (5:00p.m. PDT, September 11) at 22.3°N 126.0°W / 22.3; -126.0– Tropical Depression Paul degenerates into a remnant low approximately 780mi (1,255km) west-northwest of Clairon Island.[30]
19:10UTC (9:10a.m. HST) at 21.0°N 156.6°W / 21.0; -156.6– Tropical Storm Olivia makes landfall on the Hawaiian island of Maui, just northwest of Kahului, with winds of 45mph (75km/h).[24] This marks the first known instance of a tropical cyclone making landfall on the island.[2][31]
19:54UTC (9:54a.m. HST) at 20.9°N 157.0°W / 20.9; -157.0– After crossing the ʻAuʻau Channel, Tropical Storm Olivia makes a second landfall just northwest of Lanai City, Lanai with winds of 45mph (75km/h).[24] This is also marks the first time a tropical cyclone made landfall on the island.[2][31]
September 13
06:00UTC (8:00p.m. HST, September 12) at 20.1°N 159.8°W / 20.1; -159.8– Tropical Storm Olivia weakens into a tropical depression about 150mi (240km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii.[24]
18:00UTC (8:00a.m. HST) at 19.0°N 162.5°W / 19.0; -162.5– Tropical Depression Olivia briefly reorganizes into a tropical storm about 340mi (550km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii.[24]
September 14
06:00UTC (8:00p.m. HST, September 13) at 18.9°N 164.9°W / 18.9; -164.9– Tropical Storm Olivia degenerates into a remnant low about 485mi (785km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii.[24]
September 19
Path of Tropical Depression Nineteen-E across the Gulf of California from September 19–20
12:00UTC (6:00a.m. MDT) at 26.1°N 111.3°W / 26.1; -111.3– Tropical Depression Nineteen-E develops from an elongated trough just east of Loreto, Baja California Sur over the Gulf of California. This marks the first known instance of a tropical cyclone forming within the Gulf of California since the National Hurricane Center's records began in 1949.[32]
September 20
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. MDT, September 19) at 27.3°N 110.9°W / 27.3; -110.9– Tropical Depression Nineteen-E reaches its peak intensity with winds of 35mph (55km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1002mbar (29.6inHg) about 60mi (95km) west-southwest of Ciudad Obregón. The National Hurricane Center noted in its final report that the system may have briefly become a tropical storm before landfall but data were inconclusive.[32]
06:00UTC (11:00p.m. PDT, September 27) at 16.9°N 117.1°W / 16.9; -117.1 (Hurricane Rosa peaks)– Hurricane Rosa peaks with winds of 150mph (240km/h) and a minimum pressure of 936mbar (27.6inHg), while 895mi (1,440km) south-southwest of Punta San Antonio, Mexico.[33]
18:00UTC (8:00a.m. HST) at 11.6°N 158.6°W / 11.6; -158.6– The tropical depression intensifies into Tropical Storm Walaka about 540mi (870km) south-southwest of Ka Lae, Hawaii.[35]
18:00UTC (8:00a.m. HST) at 11.6°N 164.5°W / 11.6; -164.5– Tropical Storm Walaka strengthens into a Category1 hurricane about 800mi (1,285km) south-southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii.[35]
06:00UTC (8:00p.m. HST, September30) at 11.8°N 167.1°W / 11.8; -167.1– Hurricane Walaka rapidly intensifies into a Category2 hurricane about 895mi (1,440km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii.[35]
12:00UTC (2:00a.m. HST) at 12.0°N 168.0°W / 12.0; -168.0– Hurricane Walaka rapidly intensifies into a Category3 hurricane about 925mi (1,490km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii.[35]
18:00UTC (8:00a.m. HST) at 12.5°N 168.8°W / 12.5; -168.8– Hurricane Walaka rapidly intensifies into a Category4 hurricane about 885mi (1,425km) southwest of Kauai, Hawaii.[35]
October 2
Hurricane Walaka at Category 5 intensity while southwest of the Hawaiian Islands
00:00UTC (2:00p.m. HST, October1) at 12.9°N 169.6°W / 12.9; -169.6– Hurricane Walaka's rapid intensification culminates with it becoming a Category5 hurricane about 905mi (1,455km) southwest of Kauai, Hawaii. Concurrently, it reaches its peak intensity with maximum winds of 160mph (260km/h) and a minimum pressure of 921mbar (hPa; 27.20inHg).[35]
12:00UTC (2:00a.m. HST) at 14.2°N 170.0°W / 14.2; -170.0– Hurricane Walaka weakens into a Category4 hurricane about 880mi (1,415km) southwest of Kauai, Hawaii.[35]
18:00UTC (12:00p.m. MDT)– Tropical Depression Rosa dissipates over the Baja California peninsula.[33]
06:00UTC (11:00p.m. PDT, October 3) at 13.5°N 118.0°W / 13.5; -118.0 (Hurricane Sergio peaks)– Hurricane Sergio peaks with winds of 140mph (220km/h) and a minimum pressure of 942mbar (27.8inHg), about 825mi (1,330km) southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico.[34]
06:00UTC (8:00p.m. HST, October 3) at 24.0°N 166.9°W / 24.0; -166.9– Hurricane Walaka weakens into a Category3 hurricane about 490mi (790km) west-northwest of Kauai, Hawaii.[35]
18:00UTC (8:00a.m. HST) at 28.0°N 166.3°W / 28.0; -166.3– Hurricane Walaka degenerates into a Category2 hurricane about 590mi (950km) northwest of Kauai, Hawaii.[35]
00:00UTC (2:00p.m. HST, October 4) at 29.7°N 167.5°W / 29.7; -167.5– Hurricane Walaka degenerates into a Category1 hurricane about 720mi (1,160km) northwest of Kauai, Hawaii.[35]
06:00UTC (8:00p.m. HST, October 4) at 30.5°N 168.3°W / 30.5; -168.3– Hurricane Walaka weakens into a tropical storm about 795mi (1,280km) northwest of Kauai, Hawaii.[35]
October 6
12:00UTC (2:00a.m. HST) at 35.1°N 164.5°W / 35.1; -164.5– Tropical Storm Walaka transitions to an extratropical cyclone about 945mi (1,520km) north-northwest of Kauai, Hawaii.[35]
06:00UTC (12:00a.m. MDT) at 17.9°N 107.1°W / 17.9; -107.1 (Hurricane Willa intensifies into a Category 5 hurricane)– Hurricane Willa's rapid intensification culminates with it becoming a Category5 hurricane roughly 200mi (320km) west-southwest of Manzanillo, Colima. It reaches its peak intensity at this time with winds of 160mph (260km/h) and a minimum pressure of 925mbar (27.32inHg).[39] This marks the third time a Pacific hurricane season featured three Category5 hurricanes since reliable records began, tying the record set in 1994 and 2002.[40]
17:45UTC (11:45a.m. MDT)– Hurricane Willa passes over the Islas Marías archipelago with maximum winds of 115mph (185km/h); its eyewall traverses the islands of San Juanito and María Madre.[39]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. CDT)– Tropical Depression Vicente dissipates inland over Mexico.[38]
Operationally, the depression that became Hurricane Walaka was not warned upon until 21:00UTC (11a.m. HST) by which time it was already a tropical storm.[36] It would have received the designation "One-C" prior to being named.[35]
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