Altogether, 12 tropical storms formed during the season, including eight hurricanes of which five intensified into major hurricanes.[1][nb 2] There were also four tropical depressions that did not reach tropical storm strength.[3] The most significant hurricane of the season was Hurricane Floyd, which caused devastating flooding along the East Coast of the United States,[1] especially in North Carolina, which had been hit only ten days earlier by Hurricane Dennis.[6] Another strong hurricane, Hurricane Lenny became the strongest November Atlantic hurricane on record, and maintained a west-to-east track through the Caribbean for nearly its entire duration. Because of its unusual path, it developed the nickname "Wrong Way Lenny."[7] The deadliest tropical cyclone of the season was Tropical Depression Eleven, whose heavy rain and resultant flooding caused 400 deaths in Mexico.[3] Following the 1999 season, the names Floyd and Lenny were retired from reuse in the North Atlantic by the World Meteorological Organization.[8]
This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It includes information that was not released throughout the season, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as a storm that was not initially warned upon, has been included.
By convention, meteorologists use one time zone when issuing forecasts and making observations: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and also use the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC).[9] In this time line, all information is listed by UTC first with the respective local time included in parentheses.
June
June 1
The 1999 Atlantic hurricane season officially begins.[4]
June 11
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Tropical Depression One forms about 535mi (860km) southeast of Bermuda.[10]
June 12
15:00UTC (11:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Depression One strengthens into Tropical Storm Arlene about 510mi (820km) southeast of Bermuda.[11]
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, June 16)–Tropical Storm Arlene weakens to a tropical depression east-southeast of Bermuda.[10]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m.AST)–Tropical Depression Arlene makes its closest approach to land at about 120 miles (190km) east of Bermuda.[10]
June 18
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, June 17)–Tropical Depression Arlene dissipates northeast of Bermuda.[10]
July
July 2
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. CDT)–Tropical Depression Two forms in the western Bay of Campeche.[12]
July 3
04:00UTC (11:00p.m. CDT, July 2)–Tropical Depression Two makes landfall about 40mi (65km) south-southeast of Tuxpan, Veracruz with sustained winds of 35mph (55km/h).[12]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. CDT)–Tropical Depression Three forms in the Bay of Campeche.[13]
August 19
00:00 UTC (8:00p.m. AST, August 18)–Tropical Depression Four forms about 250 nautical miles (460km; 290mi) 155 miles (250km) east-southeast of the Cape Verde Islands.[14]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. CDT)–Tropical Depression Three strengthens into Tropical Storm Bret southeast of Tampico, Tamaulipas.[13]
August 20
1:00pm EDT (1800 UTC)- Tropical Depression Four strengthens into Tropical Storm Cindy.[14]
August 21
00:00UTC (7:00p.m. CDT, August 20)–Tropical Storm Bret reaches hurricane strength[13] about 225 miles (362km) east of Tampico.[15]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. CDT)–Hurricane Bret strengthens to a Category2 hurricane.[13]
23:00UTC (6:00p.m. CDT)–Hurricane Bret strengthens to a Category3 hurricane about 175 miles (282km) southeast of Brownsville, Texas.[16]
August 22
00:00UTC (7:00p.m. CDT, August 21)–Hurricane Bret rapidly strengthens to a Category4 hurricane.[13]
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, August 21)–Tropical Storm Cindy reaches hurricane strength about 450mi (720km) west of the Cape Verde Islands.[14]
12:00UTC (7:00a.m. CDT)–Hurricane Bret attains its peak intensity with winds of 145mph (230km/h) and a minimum pressure of 944mbar (hPa; 27.88inHg).[13]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. AST)–Hurricane Cindy weakens to a tropical storm.[14]
Radar image of Hurricane Bret making landfall in Texas on August22
August 23
00:00UTC (7:00p.m. CDT, August 22)–Hurricane Bret makes landfall on central Padre Island, Texas as a Category3 hurricane with winds of 115mph (185km/h).[13]
13:00UTC (8:00a.m. CDT)–Hurricane Bret weakens to a tropical storm about 40mi (65km) south-southwest of Alice, Texas.[17]
August 24
00:00UTC (7:00p.m. CDT, August 23)–Tropical Storm Bret weakens to a tropical depression north of Laredo, Texas and later dissipates in the mountains of northern Mexico.[13]
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, August 23)–Tropical Depression Five forms about 220mi (350km) east of Turks Island.[18]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Five strengthens into Tropical Storm Dennis east of Turks Island.[18]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Six forms about 410mi (670km) east of the southern Windward Islands.[19]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Six strengthens into Tropical Storm Emily.[19]
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Tropical Storm Emily attains its peak intensity east of the Windward Islands with winds of 50mph (85km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1004mbar (hPa; 29.65inHg).[19]
August 26
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, August 25)–Tropical Storm Cindy re-strengthens into a hurricane about 1,300mi (2,000km) southeast of Bermuda.[14]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AM AST)–Tropical Storm Dennis strengthens to hurricane strength about 290mi (465km) east-southeast of Nassau, Bahamas.[20]
August 27
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Cindy strengthens to a Category2 hurricane east-southeast of Bermuda.[14]
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, August 27)–Hurricane Cindy strengthens to a Category3 hurricane.[14]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Cindy strengthens to a category4 hurricane.[14]
07:00UTC (3:00a.m. EDT)–Hurricane Dennis moves through the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas with winds of 85mph (140km/h) and makes landfall on some on the islands.[18]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Cindy attains its peak intensity east-southeast of Bermuda with winds of 140mph (220km/h) and a minimum pressure of 942mbar (hPa; 27.82inHg).[14]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. EDT–Hurricane Dennis strengthens to a Category2 hurricane about 25mi (40km) northeast of Great Abaco Island.[21]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Storm Emily weakens to a tropical depression 770mi (1,240km) southeast of Bermuda, and is later absorbed by the much larger circulation of Hurricane Cindy.[19]
August 29
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Cindy weakens to a Category3 hurricane east of Bermuda.[14]
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Hurricane Cindy weakens to a Category2 hurricane east of Bermuda.[14]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. EDT)–Hurricane Dennis attains its peak intensity about 115mi (185km) south of Wilmington, North Carolina with winds of 105mph (165km/h) and a minimum pressure of 962mbar (hPa; 28.41inHg).[18]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Cindy weakens to a Category1 hurricane west-southwest of the Azores.[14]
August 31
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. EDT, August30)–Hurricane Dennis weakens to a Category1 hurricane about 120mi (190km) east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.[22]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Cindy weakens to a tropical storm.[14]
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Tropical Storm Cindy is absorbed by an extratropical low about 980mi (1,570km) west of the Azores..[14]
September
September 1
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. EDT, August31)–Hurricane Dennis weakens to a tropical storm[18] about 110 miles (180km) east of Cape Hatteras.[23]
09:00UTC (5:00a.m. EDT)–Tropical Storm Dennis weakens to a tropical depression about 20mi (32km) southwest of Rocky Mount, North Carolina.[24]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. CDT)–Tropical Depression Seven forms in the western Gulf of Mexico southeast of Tampico, Tamaulipas.[25]
September 6
00:00UTC (7:00p.m. CDT, September5)–Tropical Depression Seven attains its peak intensity with winds of 35mph (55km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1006 mbar (hPa; 29.71 inHg).[25]
12:00UTC (7:00a.m. CDT)–Tropical Depression Seven makes landfall south of La Pesca, Tamaulipas with winds of 35mph (55km/h) and later dissipates over northern Mexico.[25]
September 7
17:00UTC (1:00p.m. EDT)–Tropical Depression Dennis becomes extratropical over the southern shore of Lake Ontario near Hilton, New York, and is subsequently absorbed into a larger extratropical low.[18][26]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Eight forms 1,000mi (1,600km) east of the Lesser Antilles.[27]
September 8
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Eight strengthens into Tropical Storm Floyd about 860mi (1,390km) east of the Leeward Islands.[27]
September 10
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Storm Floyd reaches hurricane strength about 210mi (340km) east-northeast of Barbuda in the Northern Leeward Islands.[28]
September 11
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Floyd strengthens to a Category2 hurricane well to the northeast of the Leeward Islands.[27]
15:00UTC (11:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Nine forms about south of the Cape Verde Islands.[29]
September 12
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Floyd strengthens to a Category3 hurricane about 365mi (585km) east of the Turks Islands.[30]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Nine strengthens into Tropical Storm Gert roughly 470mi (760km) west of the Cape Verde Islands.[29]
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Hurricane Floyd strengthens to a category4 hurricane about 265mi (425km) east-northeast of Grand Turk Island.[31]
September 13
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Floyd attained its peak intensity about 195mi (315km) east of San Salvador Island, Bahamas, with sustained winds of near 155mph (250km/h) and a minimum pressure of 921 mbar (hPa; 27.20 inHg).[32]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Storm Gert reaches hurricane strength in the central Atlantic.[29]
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, September15)–Hurricane Gert attains its peak intensity with winds of 150mph (240km/h) and a minimum pressure of 930 mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg).[29]
06:30UTC (2:30a.m. EDT)–Hurricane Floyd makes landfall near Cape Fear, North Carolina with winds of 105mph (169km/h).[27]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. EDT)–Hurricane Floyd weakens to a Category1 hurricane roughly 15mi (24km) northeast of Washington, North Carolina.[27]
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. EDT)–Hurricane Floyd weakens to a tropical storm near the coast just north of Chincoteague, Virginia.[27]
September 17
09:00UTC (5:00a.m. EDT)–Tropical Storm Floyd transitions to an extratropical low about 25mi (40km) west-southwest of Portland, Maine,[34] and subsequently merges with another extratropical low over the north Atlantic.[27]
September 18
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, September17)–Hurricane Gert weakens to a Category3 hurricane.[29]
September 19
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Gert re-strengthens to a Category4 hurricane.[29]
06:00UTC (1:00a.m. CDT)–Tropical Depression Ten forms about 350 nautical miles (650km; 400mi) west-southwest of St. Petersburg, Florida in the Gulf of Mexico.[35]
September 20
00:00UTC (7:00p.m. CDT, September19)–Tropical Depression Ten strengthens into Tropical Storm Harvey about 300 nautical miles (560km; 350mi) west-southwest of St. Petersburg.[35]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Gert again weakens to a Category3 hurricane.[29]
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, September20)–Hurricane Gert weakens to a Category2 hurricane.[29]
08:00UTC (4:00a.m. EDT)–Tropical Storm Harvey attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 60mph (95km/h) and a minimum pressure of 994 mbar (hPa; 29.35 inHg).[35]
17:00UTC (1:00p.m. EDT)–Tropical Storm Harvey makes landfall near Everglades City, Florida with winds of 60mph (95km/h).[35]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. AST)–Hurricane Gert weakens to a Category1 hurricane,[29] about 140mi (230km) east of Bermuda.[36]
September 22
03:00UTC (11:00p.m. EDT, September21)–Tropical Storm Harvey is absorbed by an extratropical low about 115mi (185km) northeast of Freeport, Bahamas.[37]
September 23
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, September22)–Hurricane Gert weakens to a tropical storm south-southwest of St. John's, Newfoundland.[29]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Storm Gert becomes extratropical southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland and later merges with another extratropical low.[29]
October
October 4
06:00UTC (1:00a.m. CDT)–Tropical Depression Eleven forms in the Gulf of Mexico about 125 nautical miles (232km; 144mi) east-northeast of Veracruz.[38]
October 5
00:00UTC (7:00p.m. CDT, October4)–Tropical Depression Eleven attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 35mph (55km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1002 mbar (hPa; 29.59 inHg).[38]
October 6
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, October 5)–Tropical Depression Twelve forms east of the Lesser Antilles over the central tropical Atlantic Ocean.[39]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Twelve attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 35mph (55km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1007 mbar (hPa; 29.74 inHg).[39]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. CDT)–Tropical Depression Eleven dissipates north-northeast of Veracruz.[38]
October 8
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Twelve dissipates north of the Lesser Antilles.[39]
October 13
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. EDT)–Tropical Depression Thirteen forms in the northwestern Caribbean Sea.[40]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. EDT)–Tropical Depression Thirteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Irene about 180mi (290km) west-southwest of Grand Cayman.[40]
October 14
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. EDT)–Tropical Storm Irene makes landfall on Isle of Youth, Cuba, with winds of 70mph (110km/h).[40]
19:00UTC (3:00p.m. EDT)–Tropical Storm Irene made landfall on Batabano, Cuba with winds 70mph (110km/h).[40]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. EDT)–Tropical Storm Irene reaches hurricane strength after emerging into the Florida Straits east of Havana.[40]
13:00UTC (9:00a.m. EDT)–Hurricane Irene makes landfall on Key West, Florida with winds of 75mph (120km/h).[40]
20:00 UTC)(4:00pm EDT)–Hurricane Irene makes landfall near Cape Sable, Florida with winds of 80mph (130km/h).[40]
October 16
09:00UTC (5:00a.m.EDT)–Hurricane Irene emerges into the Atlantic Ocean just south of Ft. Pierce, Florida.[41]
October 17
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Fourteen forms about 700mi (1,100km) east of the southern Windward Islands.[42]
October 18
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. EDT)–Hurricane Irene strengthens to a Category2 hurricane[40] about 40mi (64km) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.[43]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Depression Fourteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Jose about 400mi (640km) east of the Windward Islands.[42]
08:00UTC (4:00a.m. EDT)–Hurricane Irene attains its peak intensity about 70mi (110km) east-northeast of Cape Hatteras with winds of 110mph (175km/h) and a minimum pressure of 958 mbar (hPa; 28.29 inHg).[40]
18:00UTC (2:00pm EDT)–Hurricane Irene weakens to a Category1 hurricane.[40]
October 19
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Irene becomes extratropical south of Newfoundland and is subsequently absorbed by a much larger extratropical low.[40]
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Tropical Storm Jose attains hurricane strength about 150mi (240km) east of the Leeward Islands.[42]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Jose attained its minimum pressure of 979 mbar (hPa; 28.91 inHg).[42]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. EDT)–Hurricane Jose strengthens to a Category2 hurricane and attains its peak sustained winds of 100mph (155km/h).[42]
16:00UTC (12:00p.m. AST)–Hurricane Jose weakens to a Category1 hurricane as it makes landfall on Antigua with winds of 90mph (155km/h).[42]
October 21
11:00UTC (7:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Jose weakens to a tropical storm as it makes landfall on Tortola with sustained winds of 70mph (110km/h).[42]
October 24
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Storm Jose regains hurricane strength east-southeast of Bermuda.[42]
October 25
00:00UTC (8:00pm AST, October 24)–Hurricane Jose weakens again to a tropical storm east-northeast of Bermuda..[42]
09:00UTC (5:00a.m. AST)–Tropical Storm Jose becomes extratropical about 575mi (925km) southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia,[44] and is later absorbed by a large extratropical low.[42]
October 28
18:00UTC (2:00pm AST)–Tropical Depression Fifteen forms about 170 miles (280km) east of Bluefields, Nicaragua.[45]
October 29
18:00UTC (2:00pm AST)–Tropical Depression Fifteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Katrina[45] about 55mi (85km) southeast Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua.[46]
October 30
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, October 29)–Tropical Storm Katrina makes landfall about 25mi (40km) southwest Puerto Cabeza with sustained winds of 40mph (65km/h) and a minimum pressure of 999 mbar (hPa; 29.5 inHg).[47]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. EDT)–Tropical Storm Katrina weakens to a tropical depression, and is subsequently absorbed by a cold front just north of the Yucatan Peninsula.[45]
November
November 13
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. EST)–Tropical Depression Sixteen forms about 170mi (280km) south of the Cayman Islands.[48]
November 14
12:00UTC (7:00a.m. EST)–Tropical Depression Sixteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Lenny.[48]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. EST)–Tropical Storm Lenny intensifies to hurricane strength about 150mi (240km) southwest of Kingston, Jamaica.[48]
November 15
12:00UTC (7:00a.m. EST)–Hurricane Lenny strengthens to a Category2 hurricane about 175mi (280km) south of Jamaica.[49]
18:00UTC (1:00p.m. EST)–Hurricane Lenny weakens to a Category1 hurricane.[48]
November 16
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Lenny re-strengthens to a Category2 hurricane about 255mi (410km) south-southwest of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.[50]
November 17
Hurricane Lenny at peak intensity as a high-end Category4 hurricane
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, November 16)–Hurricane Lenny strengthens to a Category3 hurricane about 205mi (330km) southwest of San Juan, Puerto Rico.[51]
12:00UTC (8:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Lenny strengthens to a Category4 hurricane.[48]
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Hurricane Lenny attains its peak intensity with winds of 155mph (250km/h) and a minimum pressure of 933 mbar (hPa; 27.55 inHg), while simultaneously making landfall on St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands with winds of 155mph (250km/h).[48]
November 18
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Hurricane Lenny weakens to a Category3 hurricane, while simultaneously making landfall on St. Martin with winds of 125mph (205km/h).[48]
November 19
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, November 18)–Hurricane Lenny weakens to a Category2 hurricane, while simultaneously making landfall on Anguilla with winds of 100mph (155km/h).[48]
06:00UTC (2:00a.m. AST)–Hurricane Lenny weakens to a Category1 hurricane, while simultaneously making landfall on St. Barthelemy with winds of 85mph (140km/h).[48]
18:00UTC (2:00p.m. AST)–Hurricane Lenny weaken to a tropical storm.[48]
November 20
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, November 19)–Tropical Storm Lenny makes landfall on Antigua with winds of 65mph (100km/h).[48]
November 21
00:00UTC (8:00p.m. AST, November 20)–Tropical Storm Lenny weakens to a tropical depression while moving away from the Leeward Islands to the southeast, and subsequently dissipates in the central Atlantic Ocean.[48]
November 30
The 1999 Atlantic hurricane season officially ends.[4]
Hurricanes reaching Category 3 (111 miles per hour (179km/h)) and higher on the 5-level Saffir–Simpson wind speed scale are considered major hurricanes.[5]
Roth, David (September 7, 1999). Remnants of DENNIS Advisory Number 60 (Report). Camp Springs, Maryland: National Centers For Environmental Prediction Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, NWS. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
Beven, Jack; Guiney, John L. (October 16, 1999). Hurricane Irene Advisory Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
Pasch, Richard J. (November 22, 1999). Preliminary Report Hurricane Jose(PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
.jpg)
.JPG)
.jpg)
