Timeline of Copenhagen

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Copenhagen, Denmark.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 17th century

• 1167 – Absalon's Castle founded.
• 1238 – Franciscan monastery founded.
• 1254 – Copenhagen receives city charter.
• 1294 – Wednesdays and Saturdays designated market days.^[1]
• 1296 – House of the Holy Ghost founded.
• 1388 – Church of Our Lady rebuilt.
• 1417 – Eric of Pomerania takes Copenhagen Castle.
• 1479
  • City hall built at Gammeltorv.
  • University of Copenhagen founded.
• 1493 - Govaert van Ghemen sets up printing press.^[2]
• 1583 – Dyrehavsbakken founded near Copenhagen.

17th century

• 1604 – Christian IV's Arsenal built.^[3]
• 1608 – Caritas Well built.
• 1610
  • City hall rebuilt.
  • Nytorv created.
• 1611 – Leda and the Swan statue erected.
• 1618 – Brewery built.^[3]
• 1624 – Rosenborg Castle built.
• 1625 – Copenhagen Stock Exchange founded.
• 1626 – Citadel built.
• 1634 - 5 October: Great wedding (1634) [da] of Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony and Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark takes place.
• 1640 – Børsen built.
• 1648 – Royal Danish Library founded.
• 1659 – Assault on Copenhagen
• 1661 – Coat of arms of Copenhagen granted.
• 1666 – Holmens Cemetery established.
• 1670 – Kongens Nytorv laid out.
• 1671 – Garnisons Cemetery inaugurated.
• 1673 – Sophie Amalienborg built.
• 1683 – Palace built for Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve.
• 1686 – Thott Palace built.
• 1695 – Church of Our Saviour built.

18th century

• 1711 – Plague.
• 1722 - The first public theater, Lille Grønnegade Theatre, is founded.
• 1728
  • Fire.
  • City hall rebuilt between Gammeltorv and Nytorv.
• 1742 - Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters established.^[4]
• 1745 – Christiansborg Palace built.
• 1748 – Royal Danish Theatre founded.
• 1751 – Mastekranen built.
• 1752 – Oeder's Garden planted.
• 1757 – Frederiks Hospital opens.
• 1758 – Christian's Church built.
• 1760
  • Amalienborg Palace built.
  • Assistens Cemetery inaugurated.
  • Moses & Søn G. Melchior in business.
• 1769 - Population: 82,086.^(da)
• 1770 - City directory published.^[5]
• 1771 – Royal Danish Ballet founded.
• 1775
  • Royal Porcelain Factory founded.
  • P.F. Suhm library opens.^[6]
• 1777 – Det Dramatiske Selskab is founded.
• 1781 – Vestindisk Pakhus built.
• 1785 – Heering House built.
• 1787 – J. Cl. Todes Døtreskole, the first secondary school for girls, is founded.
• 1791 – Døtreskolen af 1791 is founded.
• 1793 – Royal Danish Library opened to the public.^[6]
• 1795 – Fire.

19th century

• 1801 – Battle of Copenhagen.
• 1807
  • Battle of Copenhagen
  • Royal Commission for the Preservation of Antiquities established.^[7]
• 1815 – Copenhagen Court House (with city hall) built at Nytorv.
• 1825
  • Royal Danish Academy of Music founded.
  • Kunstforeningen founded.
• 1828 – Christiansborg Palace rebuilt.
• 1829 – Church of Our Lady rebuilt.
• 1835 - Andersen's Fairy Tales published.^[8]
• 1840 - Population: 120,819.^(da)
• 1843
  • Tivoli Gardens opens.
  • Tivoli Orchestra formed.
• 1845 – Copenhagen co-host a nordic student meeting with Lund.
• 1846 – Den højere Dannelsesanstalt for Damer is founded.
• 1847
  • Railway station built.
  • Carlsberg brewery founded.
• 1848 – Thorvaldsen Museum built.
• 1850s – Edition Wilhelm Hansen music publisher in business.^[9]
• 1856 – Royal School of Library and Information Science founded.^[6]
• 1857
  • Folketeatret founded.
  • Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition begins.^{[citation needed]}
• 1859 – Copenhagen Zoo founded.

Løngangstræde in Copenhagen in the 1860s

• 1860 – City gates dismantled.
• 1862 – Copenhagen co-host a nordic student meeting with Lund.
• 1865 – Hansen Writing Ball typewriter invented in Copenhagen.^[10]
• 1870
  • La Glace [da] (confectionery) in business.
  • Østre Anlæg and Vestre Cemetery established.
  • Population: 202,327.^(da)
• 1874 – Botanical Garden glasshouses built.
• 1879
  • Dansk Fotografisk Forening (photo society) headquartered in city.^[11]
  • Vesterfælledvej truant school founded.^[12]
• 1881 – Children's playground constructed.^[13]
• 1882 – Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek established.
• 1883 - Dagmarteatret [da] (theatre) opens.
• 1884 – Dagbladet Politiken newspaper begins publication.
• 1890 - Population: 367,262.^(da)
• 1894 – Frederik's Church, popularly known as the "Marble Church", opens.
• 1895 - Copenhagen Women's Exhibition
• 1896 – Statens Museum for Kunst established.
• 1897
  • Østerport Station opens.
  • Coast Line railway begins operating.

20th century

1900s-1940s

Royal Copenhagen Shooting Society in the 1900s

• 1901
  • City expands.
  • Museum of Copenhagen and International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres^[14] founded.
  • Population: 468,936.^(da)
• 1905 – Copenhagen City Hall built on City Hall Square.
• 1907 – Medical Museion established.
• 1910
  • Rigshospitalet built.^{[citation needed]}
  • International socialist women's conference held.^[14]
• 1911
  • Copenhagen Central Station, Idrætsparken, and Hirschsprung Collection open.
  • Population: 584,089.^(da)
• 1912 – Theatre Museum in the Court Theatre founded.
• 1913
  • Dansk Statens Arkiv for Historiske Film og Stemmer (film archive) founded.^[10]
  • The Little Mermaid (statue) unveiled.
• 1915 - January: Conference of Socialist Parties of Neutral Countries held in Copenhagen.
• 1917 - Munksgaards Forlag [da] (publisher) in business.^[15]
• 1924 – Alexandra Teatret (cinema) opens.^[16]
• 1925
  • Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup and Bakkehuset museum open.
  • Danish National Symphony Orchestra founded.
• 1926 – Forum Copenhagen built.
• 1927 – Grundtvig's Church inaugurated.
• 1928
  • Tøjhus Museum established.
  • Christiansborg Palace rebuilt.
• 1929 – Søndermark Cemetery established.
• 1938 – Palladium (Copenhagen) [da] cinema built.^[16]
• 1940 – April: German occupation begins.^[17]
• 1943
  • 3 September: Stalag 391 prisoner-of-war camp for Danish POWs established by the Germans.^[18]
  • 8 November: Stalag 391 POW camp dissolved.^[18]
• 1945
  • 5 May: German occupation ends.^[17]
  • Dagbladet Information (newspaper) begins publication.
  • Population: 731,707.^[17]
• 1948 – David Collection opens.

1950s-1990s

• 1950 – Ryvangen Memorial Park officially inaugurated.^[19]
• 1951 - 24 September: World's first successful sex reassignment surgery performed at Gentofte Hospital.
• 1957 – World Santa Claus Congress begins near city.^[20]
• 1958 - "Egg" and "swan" chair designs introduced.
• 1962 – Strøget pedestrian zone laid out.
• 1971
  • Weekendavisen newspaper begins publication.^[21]
  • Freetown Christiania founded.
• 1973 – Roskilde Airport opens.
• 1974 - Greater Copenhagen Council created.^[22]
• 1975 - Vester Vov Vov [da] cinema opens.^[16]
• 1976
  • Royal Danish Naval Museum established.
  • Population: 1,292,647 urban area.^(da)
• 1977
  • 12 December: World's "first AIDS victim" dies in Copenhagen.^[23]
  • Frieboeshvile restored.
• 1978 – Danish Design Centre opens.
• 1979 – Copenhagen Jazz Festival begins.
• 1980 – Copenhagen Marathon begins.
• 1983 – Radio Rosa begins broadcasting.
• 1984 – Valby-Hallen opens.
• 1986
  • Fotografisk Center and Rhythmic Music Conservatory established.
  • Worker's Museum opens.
• 1992 – Parken Stadium built.
• 1995
  • Copenhagen City Bikes launched.
  • Danish Architecture Centre founded.
• 1996 – National Museum of Photography and Cisternerne – Museum for moderne Glaskunst founded.
• 1998 – Copenhagen Distortion begins.
• 1999 – Black Diamond (library) built.
• 2000
  • Øresund Bridge opens to Malmö, Sweden.^[24]
  • Copenhagen Harbour Buses begin operating.

21st century

2000s

• 2001 – Copenhagen Free University established.
• 2002 – Copenhagen Metro and Copenhagen Harbour Baths inaugurated.
• 2003
  • Copenhagen International Documentary Festival and Start! Festival begin.
  • North Atlantic House cultural centre^[25] and Noma (restaurant) open.
• 2004
  • Copenhagen Opera House and Danish Jewish Museum open.
  • Natural History Museum of Denmark formed.^[6]
• 2005 – VM Houses built.
• 2006 – DieselHouse opens.
• 2007
  • City becomes part of the Capital Region of Denmark.
  • Karriere Bar and Geranium (restaurant) open.
  • Fictional The Killing (TV series) begins broadcasting.
  • Homeless World Cup football contest held.
• 2008
  • Royal Danish Playhouse opens in Frederiksstaden.
  • 21st European Film Awards held.
  • Mountain Dwellings built.
• 2009
  • United Nations Climate Change Conference held.
  • CPH:PIX film festival begins.

2010s

• 2010 – 8 House built.
• 2011
  • Torvehallerne (market) in business.^[26]
  • MAD Symposium begins.
• 2012
  • Bicycle superhighway opens.^[27]
  • Population: 1,213,882 urban area.^(da)
• 2014 - Cykelslangen (bike bridge) opens in Havneholmen.
• 2015 – 14–15 February: 2015 Copenhagen shootings occur, killing two civilians and wounding five police officers. The suspected perpetrator was later shot and killed by police.^[28]

2020s

• 2022
  • 3 July: The Field's mall shooting occurs, killing multiple people.^[29]

See also

• History of Copenhagen
• List of lord mayors of Copenhagen
• Copenhagen metropolitan area
• Urban area of Copenhagen
• Timelines of other cities in Denmark: Aarhus