Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor which binds thyrotropin-releasing hormone.^[5][6]

TRHR
Identifiers
Aliases	TRHR, TRH-R, thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor, CHNG7
External IDs	OMIM: 188545; MGI: 98824; HomoloGene: 20707; GeneCards: TRHR; OMA:TRHR - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human)[1] Band 8q23.1 Start 109,086,585 bp[1] End 109,121,565 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] Band 15 B3.2|15 16.82 cM Start 44,059,531 bp[2] End 44,099,308 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in testicle Achilles tendon gonad Pituitary Gland anterior pituitary ventricle of the heart atrium right auricle left ventricle hippocampal formation Top expressed in facial motor nucleus lumbar subsegment of spinal cord anterior amygdaloid area anterior horn of spinal cord motor neuron ventral tegmental area urethra nucleus accumbens dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell subiculum More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function G protein-coupled receptor activity signal transducer activity thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity Cellular component integral component of membrane plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane Biological process signal transduction G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7201 22045 Ensembl ENSG00000174417 ENSMUSG00000038760 UniProt P34981 P21761 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003301 NM_013696 RefSeq (protein) NP_003292 NP_038724 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 109.09 – 109.12 Mb Chr 15: 44.06 – 44.1 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The TRHR is found on the cell membrane of thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary. When the TRHR is activated it associates with a G_αq/11 protein. The TRHR-G protein complex then activates phospholipase C, which causes the formation of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). This leads to an increase in cytoplasmic calcium ion concentrations which stimulates the exocytosis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) into the blood.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000174417 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038760 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Yamada M, Monden T, Konaka S, Mori M (November 1993). "Assignment of human thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor gene to chromosome 8". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics. 19 (6): 577–80. doi:10.1007/BF01233384. PMID 8128317. S2CID 44982871.
6. Gershengorn MC (1993). "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor: Cloning and regulation of its expression". Vol. 48. pp. 341–63. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-571148-7.50016-6. ISBN 9780125711487. PMID 8382829. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)

Further reading

• Yamada M, Iwasaki T, Satoh T, Monden T, Konaka S, Murakami M, Iriuchijima T, Mori M (August 1995). "Activation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor by a direct precursor of TRH, TRH-Gly". Neuroscience Letters. 196 (1–2): 109–12. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11861-P. PMID 7501234. S2CID 45874879.
• Hinuma S, Hosoya M, Ogi K, Tanaka H, Nagai Y, Onda H (October 1994). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of a human thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor gene". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1219 (2): 251–9. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(94)90046-9. PMID 7918619.
• Morrison N, Duthie SM, Boyd E, Eidne KA, Connor JM (June 1994). "Assignment of the gene encoding the human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor to 8q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Human Genetics. 93 (6): 716–8. doi:10.1007/bf00201580. PMID 8005602. S2CID 804377.
• Yamada M, Monden T, Konaka S, Mori M (November 1993). "Assignment of human thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor gene to chromosome 8". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics. 19 (6): 577–80. doi:10.1007/BF01233384. PMID 8128317. S2CID 44982871.
• Duthie SM, Taylor PL, Anderson L, Cook J, Eidne KA (September 1993). "Cloning and functional characterisation of the human TRH receptor". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 95 (1–2): R11-5. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(93)90043-J. PMID 8243797. S2CID 21150474.
• Matre V, Karlsen HE, Wright MS, Lundell I, Fjeldheim AK, Gabrielsen OS, Larhammar D, Gautvik KM (August 1993). "Molecular cloning of a functional human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 195 (1): 179–85. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2027. PMID 8395824.
• Yamada M, Monden T, Satoh T, Satoh N, Murakami M, Iriuchijima T, Kakegawa T, Mori M (September 1993). "Pituitary adenomas of patients with acromegaly express thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger RNA: cloning and functional expression of the human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 195 (2): 737–45. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2107. PMID 8396925.
• Iwasaki T, Yamada M, Satoh T, Konaka S, Ren Y, Hashimoto K, Kohga H, Kato Y, Mori M (September 1996). "Genomic organization and promoter function of the human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (36): 22183–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.36.22183. PMID 8703031.
• Cook JV, McGregor A, Lee T, Milligan G, Eidne KA (July 1996). "A disulfide bonding interaction role for cysteines in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor". Endocrinology. 137 (7): 2851–8. doi:10.1210/endo.137.7.8770906. PMID 8770906.
• Collu R, Tang J, Castagné J, Lagacé G, Masson N, Huot C, Deal C, Delvin E, Faccenda E, Eidne KA, Van Vliet G (May 1997). "A novel mechanism for isolated central hypothyroidism: inactivating mutations in the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 82 (5): 1561–5. doi:10.1210/jcem.82.5.3918. PMID 9141550. S2CID 18861350.
• Petrou C, Tashjian AH (September 1998). "The thyrotropin-releasing hormone-receptor complex and G11alpha are both internalised into clathrin-coated vesicles". Cellular Signalling. 10 (8): 553–9. doi:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00190-3. PMID 9794253.
• Matre V, Høvring PI, Orstavik S, Frengen E, Rian E, Velickovic Z, Murray-McIntosh RP, Gautvik KM (January 1999). "Structural and functional organization of the gene encoding the human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor". Journal of Neurochemistry. 72 (1): 40–50. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0720040.x. PMID 9886052. S2CID 6665620.
• Kroeger KM, Hanyaloglu AC, Seeber RM, Miles LE, Eidne KA (April 2001). "Constitutive and agonist-dependent homo-oligomerization of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Detection in living cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (16): 12736–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011311200. PMID 11278883.
• Zhu CC, Cook LB, Hinkle PM (August 2002). "Dimerization and phosphorylation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors are modulated by agonist stimulation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (31): 28228–37. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204221200. PMID 12023974.
• Hanyaloglu AC, Seeber RM, Kohout TA, Lefkowitz RJ, Eidne KA (December 2002). "Homo- and hetero-oligomerization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor subtypes. Differential regulation of beta-arrestins 1 and 2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (52): 50422–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209340200. PMID 12393857.
• Cook LB, Zhu CC, Hinkle PM (September 2003). "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor processing: role of ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation". Molecular Endocrinology. 17 (9): 1777–91. doi:10.1210/me.2003-0073. PMID 12805411.
• Igarashi-Migitaka J, Yamada S, Hara M, Sano T, Ozawa Y, Ohtani-Kaneko R, Hirata K (August 2003). "Gene expression study of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) receptor using RT-PCR: relationship to clinical and immunohistochemical phenotypes in a series of human pituitary adenomas". Endocrine Journal. 50 (4): 459–67. doi:10.1507/endocrj.50.459. PMID 14599121.
• Cook LB, Hinkle PM (July 2004). "Fate of internalized thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors monitored with a timer fusion protein". Endocrinology. 145 (7): 3095–100. doi:10.1210/en.2004-0304. PMID 15117874.

External links

• "Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2012-09-08. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
• Receptors,+Thyrotropin-Releasing+Hormone at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)