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Thomas of Ireland (fl. 1295 – before 1338), also known as Thomas Hibernicus, Thomas Palmeranus, or Thomas Palmerstonus, was an Irish anthologist and indexer.[1]
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Thomas was a Fellow of the College of Sorbonne and a Master of Arts by 1295, and referred to as a former fellow in the first manuscripts of his Manipulus in 1306. He is believed to have died before 1338.
Lampen, a Franciscan, argues that Thomas Palmeranus, Thomas Hibernicus and Thomas Palmerstonus are the same person.
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Manipulus florum
Thomas was the author of three short works on theology and biblical exegesis, and the compiler of the Manipulus florum ('A Handful of Flowers'). The latter, a Latin florilegium, has been described as a "collection of some 6,000 extracts from patristic and a few classical authors".[2] Thomas compiled this collection from books in the library of the Sorbonne, "and at his death he bequeathed his books and sixteen pounds Parisian to the college".[3]
The Manipulus florum survives in over one hundred and ninety manuscripts, and was first printed in 1483. It was printed twenty-six times in the 16th century, eleven times in the 17th. As late as the 19th century, editions were published in Vienna and Turin.
Although Thomas was apparently a member of the secular clergy, his anthology was highly successful because it was "well suited to the needs of the new mendicant preaching orders ... [to] ... locate quotations ... relevant to any subject they might wish to touch on in their sermons."[4] Indeed, Boyer has demonstrated that very soon after the Manipulus was completed a French Dominican used it to compose a series of surviving sermons.[5] However, Nighman has argued that, although it was surely used by preachers, Thomas did not actually intend his anthology as a reference tool for sermon composition, as argued by the Rouses, but rather as a learning aid for university students, especially those intending on a clerical career involving pastoral care.[6] Nighman has also demonstrated its reception in several non-sermon texts, including Walter Bower's Scotichronicon.[7]
Thomas was also among the earliest pioneers of medieval information technology that included alphabetical subject indices and cross-references. "In his selection, and in the various indexing techniques he invented or improved on, he revealed true originality and inventiveness."[4] Those finding tools are preserved, and electronically enhanced, in Nighman's online critical edition of the Manipulus florum.
Other works
Thomas was also the author of three other works:
- De tribus punctis religionis Christiane ('On the three main points of the Christian religion'), on the duties of secular clergy;[1]
- De tribus hierarchiis ('On the three hierarchies'), which develops ideas about hierarchy expressed at the end of De tribus punctis;[1] and
- De tribus sensibus sacre scripture ('On the three senses of holy scripture'), on the four senses of Scripture.[1] The last two works survive in three and eight manuscripts respectively.[8]
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