Theaflavin digallate

Theaflavin digallate
Names
	Systematic IUPAC name 3-Hydroxy-5-oxo-1,8-bis[(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl]-5H-benzo[7]annulene-4,6-diyl bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate)
	Other names TFDG; TF-3; Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate
Identifiers
CAS Number	33377-72-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	20019479 ;
PubChem CID	5748168;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00905107 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C43H32O20/c44-17-7-23(46)21-12-29(52)39(60-32(21)9-17)14-1-19-20(40-30(53)13-22-24(47)8-18(45)10-33(22)61-40)11-31(54)41(63-43(59)16-4-27(50)37(56)28(51)5-16)35(19)38(57)34(6-14)62-42(58)15-2-25(48)36(55)26(49)3-15/h1-11,29-30,39-40,44-56H,12-13H2/t29-,30-,39-,40-/m1/s1 Key: FJYGFTHLNNSVPY-BBXLVSEPSA-N ; InChI=1/C43H32O20/c44-17-7-23(46)21-12-29(52)39(60-32(21)9-17)14-1-19-20(40-30(53)13-22-24(47)8-18(45)10-33(22)61-40)11-31(54)41(63-43(59)16-4-27(50)37(56)28(51)5-16)35(19)38(57)34(6-14)62-42(58)15-2-25(48)36(55)26(49)3-15/h1-11,29-30,39-40,44-56H,12-13H2/t29-,30-,39-,40-/m1/s1 Key: FJYGFTHLNNSVPY-BBXLVSEPBI;
	SMILES Oc1cc(cc(O)c1O)C(=O)Oc5c(O)cc([C@H]2Oc3cc(O)cc(O)c3C[C@H]2O)c6\C=C(/C=C(/OC(=O)c4cc(O)c(O)c(O)c4)C(=O)c56)[C@H]7Oc8cc(O)cc(O)c8C[C@H]7O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C43H32O20
Molar mass	868.709 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Theaflavin digallate (TFDG) is an antioxidant natural phenol found in black tea, and a theaflavin derivative.

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Health

TFDG is a scavenger of superoxide in vitro, even more so than EGCG.^[1]
Tea polyphenols including TFDG reduce angiogenesis,^[2] which is implicated in non-liquid cancers, an area of intense current research, by decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor production and receptor phosphorylation.^[3]^[4]
TFDG inhibits activity of the enzyme 3CLpro in vitro.^[5]

References

[1]
Lin, Jen-Kun; Chen, Ping-Chung; Ho, Chi-Tang; Lin-Shiau, Shoei-Yn (2000). "Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase and Suppression of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species in HL-60 Cells by Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and Propyl Gallate". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48 (7): 2736–2743. doi:10.1021/jf000066d. PMID 10898615.
[2]
Leong, Hoyee; Mathur, Priya S.; Greene, Geoffrey L. (2009). "Green tea catechins inhibit angiogenesis through suppression of STAT3 activation". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 117 (3): 505–515. doi:10.1007/s10549-008-0196-x. ISSN 0167-6806. PMC 3664280. PMID 18821062.
[3]
Moyle, Christina W. A.; Cerezo, Ana B.; Winterbone, Mark S.; Hollands, Wendy J.; Alexeev, Yuri; Needs, Paul W.; Kroon, Paul A. (2015). "Potent inhibition of VEGFR-2 activation by tight binding of green tea epigallocatechin gallate and apple procyanidins to VEGF: Relevance to angiogenesis". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 59 (3): 401–412. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400478. ISSN 1613-4125. PMC 4681316. PMID 25546248.
[4]
Ann Beltz, Lisa; Kay Bayer, Diana; Lynn Moss, Amber; Mitchell Simet, Ira (2006-09-01). "Mechanisms of Cancer Prevention by Green and Black Tea Polyphenols". Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (5): 389–406. doi:10.2174/187152006778226468. PMID 17017850.
[5]
Chia-Nan Chen1, Coney P. C. Lin, Kuo-Kuei Huang, Wei-Cheng Chen, Hsin-Pang Hsieh, Po-Huang Liang and John T.-A. Hsu (2005). "Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3C-like Protease Activity by Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3)". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2 (2): 209–215. doi:10.1093/ecam/neh081. PMC 1142193. PMID 15937562.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[1] [1]
Lin, Jen-Kun; Chen, Ping-Chung; Ho, Chi-Tang; Lin-Shiau, Shoei-Yn (2000). "Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase and Suppression of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species in HL-60 Cells by Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and Propyl Gallate". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48 (7): 2736–2743. doi:10.1021/jf000066d. PMID 10898615.

[2] [2]
Leong, Hoyee; Mathur, Priya S.; Greene, Geoffrey L. (2009). "Green tea catechins inhibit angiogenesis through suppression of STAT3 activation". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 117 (3): 505–515. doi:10.1007/s10549-008-0196-x. ISSN 0167-6806. PMC 3664280. PMID 18821062.

[3] [3]
Moyle, Christina W. A.; Cerezo, Ana B.; Winterbone, Mark S.; Hollands, Wendy J.; Alexeev, Yuri; Needs, Paul W.; Kroon, Paul A. (2015). "Potent inhibition of VEGFR-2 activation by tight binding of green tea epigallocatechin gallate and apple procyanidins to VEGF: Relevance to angiogenesis". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 59 (3): 401–412. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400478. ISSN 1613-4125. PMC 4681316. PMID 25546248.

[4] [4]
Ann Beltz, Lisa; Kay Bayer, Diana; Lynn Moss, Amber; Mitchell Simet, Ira (2006-09-01). "Mechanisms of Cancer Prevention by Green and Black Tea Polyphenols". Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (5): 389–406. doi:10.2174/187152006778226468. PMID 17017850.

[Chen-5] [5]
Chia-Nan Chen1, Coney P. C. Lin, Kuo-Kuei Huang, Wei-Cheng Chen, Hsin-Pang Hsieh, Po-Huang Liang and John T.-A. Hsu (2005). "Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3C-like Protease Activity by Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3)". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2 (2): 209–215. doi:10.1093/ecam/neh081. PMC 1142193. PMID 15937562.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

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