Newark, New Jersey

"Brick City" redirects here. For other uses, see Brick City (disambiguation).

Newark (/ˈnjuːərk/ NEW-ərk,^[24] locally: [nʊɹk])^[25] is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey, the county seat of Essex County, and a principal city of the New York metropolitan area.^[26][27][28] As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 311,549.^[11][12] The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 304,960 for 2023, making it the 66th-most populous municipality in the nation.^[13]

Newark, New Jersey
City
Downtown Newark skyline (2016) Dock Bridge Branch Brook Park Airport and seaport Newark City Hall Justice sculpture Essex County Courthouse
Flag Seal
Nickname(s):  Brick City, The Gateway City, City By The River[1]
Interactive map of Newark
Newark Location in Essex County Show map of Essex County, New Jersey Newark Location in New Jersey Show map of New Jersey Newark Location in the United States Show map of the United States Newark Location on Earth Show map of Earth
Coordinates: 40°44′8″N 74°10′20″W[2][3]
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
County	Essex
Founded	Religious colony (1663)
Township	October 31, 1693
City	April 11, 1836
Named for	Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England
Government [4]
• Type	Faulkner Act (mayor–council)
• Body	Municipal Council of Newark
• Mayor	Ras Baraka (D, term ends June 30, 2026)[5][6]
• Administrator	Eric E. Pennington[7]
• Municipal clerk	Kecia Daniels (acting)[8]
Area [9]
• Total	25.88 sq mi (67.04 km2)
• Land	24.14 sq mi (62.53 km2)
• Water	1.74 sq mi (4.51 km2)  6.72%
• Rank	102nd of 565 in state 1st of 22 in county[2]
Elevation [10]	13 ft (4 m)
Population  (2020)[11][12]
• Total	311,549
• Estimate  (2023)[11][13][14]	304,960
• Rank	66th in country (as of 2022)[13] 1st of 565 in state 1st of 22 in county[15]
• Density	12,903.8/sq mi (4,982.2/km2)
• Rank	22nd of 565 in state 4th of 22 in county[15]
Demonym	Newarker[16]
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Codes	07101-07108, 07112, 07114[17][18]
Area code(s)	862/973, 201, 551, 732, 848, 908[19][20]
FIPS code	3401351000[2][21][22]
GNIS feature ID	0885317[2][23]
Website	newarknj.gov

Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony, Newark is one of the oldest cities in the United States. Its location at the mouth of the Passaic River, where it flows into Newark Bay, has made the city's waterfront an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Port Newark–Elizabeth is the primary container shipping terminal of the busiest seaport on the U.S. East Coast. Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal commercial airport in the United States and has become one of the busiest.^[29][30][31]

Several companies are headquartered in Newark, including Prudential, PSEG, Panasonic Corporation of North America, Audible.com, IDT Corporation, Manischewitz, and AeroFarms. Higher education institutions in the city include the Newark campus of Rutgers University, which includes law and medical schools and the Rutgers Institute of Jazz Studies; University Hospital; the New Jersey Institute of Technology; and Seton Hall University's law school. Newark is a home to numerous governmental offices, largely concentrated at Government Center and the Essex County Government Complex. Cultural venues include the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Symphony Hall, the Prudential Center, The Newark Museum of Art, and the New Jersey Historical Society. Branch Brook Park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nation's largest collection of cherry blossom trees, numbering over 5,000.

Newark is divided into five political wards (East, West, South, North and Central).^[32] The majority of Black residents reside in the South, Central, and West Wards of the city, while the North and East Wards are mostly populated by Latinos.^[33] Ras Baraka has served as mayor of Newark since 2014.

History

Main article: History of Newark, New Jersey

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Newark, New Jersey.

Krueger Mansion, owned by African American beauty entrepreneur Louise Scott, Newark's first female millionaire, and previously by German brewer Gottfried Krueger, co-founder of Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company

Newark was settled in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony.^[34][35] It was conceived as a theocratic assembly of the faithful, though this did not last for long as new settlers came with different ideas.^[36] On October 31, 1693, it was organized as a New Jersey township based on the Newark Tract, which was first purchased on July 11, 1667. Newark was granted a royal charter on April 27, 1713. It was incorporated on February 21, 1798, by the New Jersey Legislature's Township Act of 1798, as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships. During its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township (April 14, 1794), Caldwell Township (February 16, 1798; now known as Fairfield Township), Orange Township (November 27, 1806), Bloomfield Township (March 23, 1812) and Clinton Township (April 14, 1834, remainder reabsorbed by Newark on March 5, 1902). Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11, 1836, replacing Newark Township, based on the results of a referendum passed on March 18, 1836. The previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1, 1905. In 1926, South Orange Township changed its name to Maplewood. As a result of this, a portion of Maplewood known as Ivy Hill was re-annexed to Newark's Vailsburg.^[37]

The name of the city is thought to derive from Newark-on-Trent, England, because of the influence of the original pastor, Abraham Pierson, who came from Yorkshire but may have ministered in Newark, Nottinghamshire.^[38][39][40] But Pierson is also supposed to have said that the community reflecting the new task at hand should be named "New Ark" for "New Ark of the Covenant"^[41] and some of the colonists saw it as "New-Work", the settlers' new work with God. Whatever the origins, the name was shortened to Newark, although references to the name "New Ark" are found in preserved letters written by historical figures such as David A. Ogden in his claim for compensation, and James McHenry, as late as 1787.^[42]

During the American Revolutionary War, British troops made several raids into the town.^[43] The city saw tremendous industrial and population growth during the 19th century and early 20th century, and experienced racial tension and urban decline in the second half of the 20th century, culminating in the 1967 Newark riots, which led to an increase in white flight, with 100,000 white residents leaving the city in the 1960s, though the exodus of white residents from the city had started after World War II as housing availability was limited in the city, while white residents were able to buy homes in the western suburbs of Essex County, where the population grew rapidly.^[44]

The city has experienced revitalization since the 1990s, with major office, arts and sports projects representing $2 billion in investment.^[45] The city's population, which had dropped by more than a third from 1950 to its post-war low in 2000, has since rebounded, with 38,000 new residents added from 2000 to 2020.^[46]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 25.89 square miles (67.1 km²), including 24.14 square miles (62.5 km²) of land and 1.74 square miles (4.5 km²) of water (6.72%).^[2][3] It has the third-smallest land area among the 100 most populous cities in the U.S., behind neighboring Jersey City and Hialeah, Florida.^[47] The city's altitude ranges from 0 (sea level) in the east to approximately 230 feet (70 m) above sea level in the western section of the city for an average elevation of 115 feet (35 m).^[48][49] Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, with a few valleys formed by meandering streams. Historically, Newark's high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods. In the 19th century and early 20th century, the wealthy congregated on the ridges of Forest Hill, High Street, and Weequahic.^[50]

Until the 20th century, the marshes on Newark Bay were difficult to develop, as the marshes were essentially wilderness, with a few dumps, warehouses, and cemeteries on their edges. During the 20th century, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was able to reclaim 68 acres (28 ha) of the marshland for the further expansion of Newark Liberty International Airport, as well as the growth of the port lands.^[31]

Newark is surrounded by residential suburbs to the west (on the slope of the Watchung Mountains), the Passaic River and Newark Bay to the east, dense urban areas to the south and southwest, and middle-class residential suburbs and industrial areas to the north. The city is the largest in New Jersey's Gateway Region, which is said to have received its name from Newark's nickname as the "Gateway City".^[51]

The city borders the municipalities of Belleville, Bloomfield, East Orange, Irvington, Maplewood and South Orange in Essex County; Bayonne, East Newark, Harrison, Jersey City and Kearny in Hudson County; and Elizabeth and Hillside in Union County.^[52][53][54]

Neighborhoods

Main article: List of neighborhoods in Newark, New Jersey

The intersection of Broad and Market Streets as seen from the Prudential Plaza Building, in Downtown Newark, 2005

Newark is the second-most racially diverse municipality in the state, behind neighboring Jersey City.^[55] It is divided into five political wards,^[56] which are often used by residents to identify their place of habitation. In recent years, residents have begun to identify with specific neighborhood names instead of the larger ward appellations. Nevertheless, the wards remain relatively distinct. Industrial uses, coupled with the airport and seaport lands, are concentrated in the East and South wards, while residential neighborhoods exist primarily in the North, Central, and West Wards.^[57]

State law requires that wards be compact and contiguous and that the largest ward may not exceed the population of the smallest by more than 10% of the average ward size. Ward boundaries are redrawn, as needed, by a board of ward commissioners consisting of two Democrats and two Republicans appointed at the county level and the municipal clerk.^[58] Redrawing of ward lines in previous decades have shifted traditional boundaries, so that downtown currently occupies portions of the East and Central wards. The boundaries of the wards are altered for various political and demographic reasons and sometimes gerrymandered.^[59][60][61]

Newark's Central Ward, formerly known as the old Third Ward, contains much of the city's history including the original squares Lincoln Park, Military Park and Harriet Tubman Square. The ward contains the University Heights, The Coast, historic Grace Episcopal Church, Government Center, Springfield/Belmont and Seventh Avenue neighborhoods. Of these neighborhood designations only University Heights, a more recent designation for the area that was the subject of the 1968 novel Howard Street by Nathan Heard, is still in common usage. The Central Ward extends at one point as far north as 2nd Avenue.

In the 19th century, the Central Ward was inhabited by Germans and other white Catholic and Protestant groups. The German inhabitants were later replaced by Jews, who were then replaced by African Americans. The increased academic footprint in the University Heights neighborhood has produced gentrification, with landmark buildings undergoing renovation. Located in the Central Ward is the nation's largest health sciences university, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School. It is also home to three other universities – New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Rutgers University – Newark, and Essex County College. The Central Ward forms the present-day heart of Newark, and includes 26 public schools, two police precincts, including headquarters, four firehouses, and one branch library.^[62]

The North Ward is surrounded by Branch Brook Park. Its neighborhoods include Broadway, Mount Pleasant, Upper Roseville and the affluent Forest Hill section.^[63] Forest Hill contains the Forest Hill Historic District, which is registered on state and national historic registers, and contains many older mansions and colonial homes. A row of residential towers with security guards and secure parking line Mt. Prospect Avenue in the Forest Hill neighborhood. The North Ward has lost geographic area in recent times; its southern boundary is now significantly further north than the traditional boundary near Interstate 280. The North Ward had its own Little Italy, centered on heavily Italian Seventh Avenue and the area of St. Lucy's Church; demographics have transitioned to Latino in recent decades, though the ward as a whole remains ethnically diverse.^[63]

The West Ward comprises the neighborhoods of Vailsburg, Ivy Hill, West Side, Fairmount and Lower Roseville. It is home to the historic Fairmount Cemetery. The West Ward, once a predominantly Irish-American, Polish, and Ukrainian neighborhood, is now home to neighborhoods composed primarily of Latinos, African Americans, and Caribbean Americans.^[64] Relative to other parts of the city, the West Ward has for many decades struggled with elevated rates of crime, particularly violent crime.^[65]

The South Ward comprises the Weequahic, Clinton Hill, Dayton, and South Broad Valley neighborhoods. The South Ward, once home to residents of predominantly Jewish descent, now has ethnic neighborhoods made up primarily of African Americans and Hispanics. The city's second-largest hospital, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, is in the South Ward, as are seventeen public schools, five daycare centers, three branch libraries, one police precinct, a mini-precinct, and three fire houses.^[66]

The East Ward consists of much of Newark's Downtown commercial district, as well as the Ironbound neighborhood, where much of Newark's industry was in the 19th century. Today, the Ironbound (also known as "Down Neck" and "The Neck")^[67] is a destination for shopping, dining, and nightlife.^[68] A historically immigrant-dominated section of the city, the Ironbound in recent decades has been termed "Little Portugal" and "Little Brazil" due to its heavily Portuguese and Brazilian population, Newark being home to one of the largest Portuguese speaking communities in the United States. In addition, the East Ward has become home to various Latin Americans, especially Ecuadorians, Peruvians, and Colombians, alongside Puerto Ricans, African Americans, and commuters to Manhattan. Public education in the East Ward consists of East Side High School and six elementary schools. The ward is densely packed, with well-maintained housing and streets, primarily large apartment buildings and rowhouses.^[57][69][70]

Climate

Newark lies in the transition between a humid subtropical and humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa/Dfa), with cold winters and hot humid summers. The January daily mean is 32.8 °F (0.4 °C),^[71] and although temperatures below 10 °F (−12 °C) are to be expected in most years,^[72] sub-0 °F (−18 °C) readings are rare; conversely, some days may warm up to 50 °F (10 °C). The average seasonal snowfall is 31.5 inches (80 cm), though variations in weather patterns may bring sparse snowfall in some years and several major nor'easters in others, with the heaviest 24-hour fall of 25.9 inches (66 cm) occurring on December 26, 1947.^[71] Spring and autumn in the area are generally unstable yet mild. The July daily mean is 78.2 °F (25.7 °C), and highs exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on an average 28.3 days per year,^[71] not factoring in the often higher heat index. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year with the summer months being the wettest and fall months being the driest.

The city receives precipitation ranging from 2.9 to 4.6 inches (74 to 117 mm) per month, usually falling on 8 to 12 days per month. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −14 °F (−26 °C) on February 9, 1934, to 108 °F (42 °C) on July 22, 2011.^[71] The January freezing isotherm that separates Newark into Dfa and Cfa zones approximates the NJ Turnpike.

Climate data for Newark, New Jersey (Newark Liberty Int'l), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	74 (23)	80 (27)	89 (32)	97 (36)	99 (37)	103 (39)	108 (42)	105 (41)	105 (41)	96 (36)	85 (29)	76 (24)	108 (42)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	61.8 (16.6)	62.5 (16.9)	72.3 (22.4)	84.4 (29.1)	91.4 (33.0)	95.9 (35.5)	98.7 (37.1)	95.9 (35.5)	91.5 (33.1)	82.4 (28.0)	72.2 (22.3)	63.8 (17.7)	100.0 (37.8)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	40.0 (4.4)	43.0 (6.1)	50.9 (10.5)	62.6 (17.0)	72.6 (22.6)	81.8 (27.7)	86.9 (30.5)	84.7 (29.3)	77.7 (25.4)	66.0 (18.9)	54.9 (12.7)	44.8 (7.1)	63.8 (17.7)
Daily mean °F (°C)	32.8 (0.4)	35.1 (1.7)	42.5 (5.8)	53.3 (11.8)	63.3 (17.4)	72.7 (22.6)	78.2 (25.7)	76.4 (24.7)	69.2 (20.7)	57.5 (14.2)	47.0 (8.3)	38.0 (3.3)	55.5 (13.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	25.5 (−3.6)	27.2 (−2.7)	34.2 (1.2)	44.1 (6.7)	53.9 (12.2)	63.6 (17.6)	69.4 (20.8)	68.0 (20.0)	60.7 (15.9)	49.0 (9.4)	39.0 (3.9)	31.2 (−0.4)	47.1 (8.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	9.1 (−12.7)	12.1 (−11.1)	19.4 (−7.0)	32.3 (0.2)	42.5 (5.8)	52.5 (11.4)	61.9 (16.6)	59.2 (15.1)	48.3 (9.1)	36.1 (2.3)	25.9 (−3.4)	17.2 (−8.2)	7.0 (−13.9)
Record low °F (°C)	−10 (−23)	−14 (−26)	3 (−16)	13 (−11)	33 (1)	41 (5)	49 (9)	45 (7)	34 (1)	25 (−4)	12 (−11)	−13 (−25)	−14 (−26)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.42 (87)	2.98 (76)	4.13 (105)	3.87 (98)	3.97 (101)	4.34 (110)	4.66 (118)	4.15 (105)	3.82 (97)	3.79 (96)	3.33 (85)	4.14 (105)	46.60 (1,184)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	9.1 (23)	10.1 (26)	5.6 (14)	0.5 (1.3)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.51)	0.6 (1.5)	5.4 (14)	31.5 (80)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm)	5.6 (14)	6.3 (16)	3.2 (8.1)	0.2 (0.51)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.25)	0.4 (1.0)	3.7 (9.4)	10.8 (27)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	10.6	10.0	10.9	11.5	11.4	10.9	10.0	9.8	8.7	9.4	8.8	11.1	123.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	4.6	3.8	2.7	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	2.8	14.5
Average relative humidity (%)	65.4	63.3	59.9	57.5	62.0	63.0	63.4	66.2	67.9	66.3	66.5	66.7	64.0
Average dew point °F (°C)	19.2 (−7.1)	20.5 (−6.4)	27.1 (−2.7)	35.2 (1.8)	47.7 (8.7)	57.0 (13.9)	62.2 (16.8)	62.4 (16.9)	56.1 (13.4)	44.6 (7.0)	35.2 (1.8)	24.8 (−4.0)	41.0 (5.0)
Average ultraviolet index	2	3	4	6	7	8	8	8	6	4	2	1	5
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and dew point 1961-1989)[71][73][74]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[75]

Climate data for Newark
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average sea temperature °F (°C)	41.7 (5.4)	39.7 (4.3)	40.2 (4.5)	45.1 (7.3)	52.5 (11.4)	64.5 (18.1)	72.1 (22.3)	74.1 (23.4)	70.1 (21.2)	63.0 (17.3)	54.3 (12.4)	47.2 (8.4)	55.4 (13.0)
Source: Weather Atlas[75]

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1810	8,008	*	—
1820	6,507	*	−18.7%
1830	10,953		68.3%
1840	17,290	*	57.9%
1850	38,894		125.0%
1860	71,941		85.0%
1870	105,059		46.0%
1880	136,508		29.9%
1890	181,830		33.2%
1900	246,070		35.3%
1910	347,469	*	41.2%
1920	414,524		19.3%
1930	442,337	*	6.7%
1940	429,760		−2.8%
1950	438,776		2.1%
1960	405,220		−7.6%
1970	381,930		−5.7%
1980	329,248		−13.8%
1990	275,221		−16.4%
2000	273,546		−0.6%
2010	277,140		1.3%
2020	311,549		12.4%
2023 (est.)	304,960	[11][13][14]	−2.1%
Population sources: 1810–1920[76] 1810–1910[77] 1840[78] 1850–1870[79] 1850[80] 1870[81] 1880–1890[82] 1890–1910[83] 1840–1930[84] 1940–2000[85] 2000[86][87] 2010[88][89][90][91] 2020[11][12] * = Territory change in previous decade.[37]

Newark had a population of 311,549 in 2020.^[11] The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 305,344 for 2022, making Newark the 66th-most populous municipality in the nation.^[13] The city was ranked 67th in population in 2010 and 63rd in 2000.^[92][93][90]

From 2000 to 2010, the increase of 3,594 inhabitants (+1.3%) from the 273,546 counted in the 2000 U.S. census marked the second census in 70 years in which the city's population had grown from the previous enumeration.^{[88][89][94][95]} This trend continued in 2020, where Newark had an increase of 34,409 (12.4%) from the 277,140 counted in the 2010 census, the largest percentage increase in 100 years.

After reaching a peak of 442,337 residents counted in the 1930 census, and a post-war population of 438,776 in 1950, the city's population saw a decline of nearly 40% as residents moved to surrounding suburbs. White flight from Newark to the suburbs started in the 1940s and accelerated in the 1960s, due in part to the construction of the Interstate Highway System.^[96] The 1967 riots resulted in a significant population loss of the city's middle class, many of them Jewish, which continued from the 1970s through to the 1990s.^[97] On net, the city lost about 130,000 residents between 1960 and 1990.

At the 2010 census, there were 91,414 households, and 62,239 families in Newark. There were 108,907 housing units at an average density of 4,552.5 per square mile (1,757.7/km²).^[32] In 2000, there were 273,546 people, 91,382 households, and 61,956 families residing in the city. The population density was 11,495.0 inhabitants per square mile (4,438.2/km²). There were 100,141 housing units at an average density of 4,208.1 per square mile (1,624.6//km²).^[21]

The U.S. Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $35,659 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,009) and the median family income was $41,684 (+/- $1,116). Males had a median income of $34,350 (+/- $1,015) versus $32,865 (+/- $973) for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,367 (+/- $364). About 22% of families and 25% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.9% of those under age 18 and 22.4% of those age 65 or over.^[98]

The median income for a household in 2000 was $26,913, and the median income for a family was $30,781. Males had a median income of $29,748 versus $25,734 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,009. 28.4% of the population and 25.5% of families were below the poverty line. 36.6% of those under the age of 18 and 24.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The city's unemployment rate was 8.5%.^[86][87]

Ethnic origins in Newark

Race and ethnicity

Historical racial composition	2020[11]	2010[99]	2000[100]	1990[100]	1950[100]	1900[100]
White	22.7%	26.3%	26.3%	28.6%	82.8%	97.2%
└ Non-Hispanic White	9.9%	11.6%	14.3%	16.7%	n/a	n/a
Black or African American	48.2%	52.4%	53.4%	58.5%	17.1%	2.7%
Native	0.4%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Asian	1.9%	1.6%	1.1%	1.2%	0.1%	0.1%
Some other race	n/a	15.2%	13.9%	11.5%	n/a	n/a
Two or more races	8.5%	3.8%	5.0%	n/a	n/a	n/a
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	36.8%	33.8%	29.4%	26.0%	n/a	n/a

2020

Newark, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 1990[101]	Pop 2000[102]	Pop 2010[103]	Pop 2020[104]	% 1990	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	45,344	38,950	32,122	24,916	16.48%	14.24%	11.59%	8.00%
Black or African American alone (NH)	153,703	142,083	138,074	147,905	55.85%	51.94%	49.82%	47.47%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	502	529	713	572	0.18%	0.19%	0.26%	0.18%
Asian alone (NH)	2,826	3,138	4,318	4,871	1.03%	1.15%	1.56%	1.56%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	N/A	69	68	63	N/A	0.03%	0.02%	0.02%
Other race alone (NH)	1,085	2,034	3,899	7,379	0.39%	0.74%	1.41%	2.37%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)	N/A	6,121	4,200	12,469	N/A	2.24%	1.52%	4.00%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	71,761	80,622	93,746	113,374	26.07%	29.47%	33.83%	36.39%
Total	275,221	273,546	277,140	311,549	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

From the 1950s to 1967, Newark's non-Hispanic white population shrank from 363,000 to 158,000; its black population grew from 70,000 to 220,000.^[105] The percentage of non-Hispanic whites declined from 82.8% in 1950 to 11.6% by 2010.^{[100][106][46]} The percentage of Latinos and Hispanics in Newark grew between 1980 and 2010, from 18.6% to 33.8% while that of Blacks and African Americans decreased from 58.2% to 52.4%.^{[107][108][109][110]}

At the American Community Survey's 2018 estimates, non-Hispanic whites made up 8.9% of the population. Black or African Americans were 47.0% of the population, Asian Americans were 2.1%, some other race 1.6%, and multiracial Americans 1.1%. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 39.2% of the city's population in 2018.^[111]

In 2010, 35.74% of the population was white, 58.86% African American, 3.99% Native American or Alaska Native, 2.19% Asian, .01% Pacific Islander, 10.4% from other races, and 10.95% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 33.39% of the population at the 2010 U.S. census.^[32]

The racial makeup of the city in 2000 was 53.46% (146,250) black or African American, 26.52% (72,537) white, 1.19% (3,263) Asian, 0.37% (1,005) Native American, 0.05% (135) Pacific Islander, 14.05% (38,430) from other races, and 4.36% (11,926) from two or more races. 29.47% (80,622) of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.^[86][87] 49.2% of the city's 80,622 residents who identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino were from Puerto Rico, while 9.4% were from Ecuador and 7.8% from the Dominican Republic.^[112] There is a significant Portuguese-speaking community concentrated in the Ironbound district. 2000 census data showed that Newark had 15,801 residents of Portuguese ancestry (5.8% of the population), while an additional 5,805 (2.1% of the total) were of Brazilian ancestry.^[113]

In advance of the 2000 census, city officials made a push to encourage residents to respond and participate in the enumeration, citing calculations by city officials that as many as 30,000 people were not reflected in estimates by the Census Bureau, which resulted in the loss of government aid and political representation.^[114] It is believed that heavily immigrant areas of Newark were significantly undercounted in the 2010 census, especially in the East Ward. Many households refused to participate in the census, with immigrants often reluctant to submit census forms because they believed that the information could be used to justify their deportation.^[115]

At one time, there was an Italian American community in the Seventh Avenue neighborhood.^[116]

Religion

St. Lucy's Church in the Old First Ward is home to the National Shrine of St. Gerard where followers continue to seek the Catholic saint's intercession on fertility and safe delivery in childbirth.

Mt. Olive African Methodist Episcopal Church

Congregation Ahavas Sholom, a Newark synagogue

Roughly 60% of Newarkers identified with a religion as of 2020.^[117] The largest Christian group in Newark is the Catholic Church (34.3%), followed by Baptists (5.2%). The city's Catholic population are divided into Latin and Eastern Catholics. The Latin Church-based Archdiocese of Newark, serving Bergen, Essex, Hudson and Union counties, is headquartered in the city. Its episcopal seat is the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Eastern Catholics in the area are served by the Syriac Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Deliverance of Newark, an eparchy of the Syriac Catholic Church, and by the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Baptist churches in Newark are affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA,^[118] Progressive National Baptist Convention, the National Baptist Convention of America, and National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.

Following, 2.4% identified with Methodism and the United Methodist Church and African Methodist Episcopal and AME Zion churches.^[119][120] 1.6% of Christian Newarkers are Presbyterian and 1.3% identified as Pentecostal. The Presbyterian community is dominated by the Presbyterian Church (USA) and Presbyterian Church in America.^[121][122] The Pentecostal community is dominated by the Church of God in Christ and Assemblies of God USA.^[123]

0.9% of Christians in the city and nearby suburbs identify as Anglican or Episcopalian. Most are served by the Newark Diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States. The remainder identified with Continuing Anglican or Evangelical Episcopal bodies including the Reformed Episcopal Church and Anglican Church in North America. ACNA and REC-affiliated churches form the Diocese of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic.

0.6% of Christians are members of the Latter Day Saint movement, followed by Lutherans (0.2%). 3.0% of the city's Christian populace were of other Christian denominations including the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches,^[124][125] Independent sacramental churches, the Jehovah's Witnesses,^[126] non-denominational Protestants, and the United Church of Christ.^[127] The largest Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in Newark include the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America (Ecumenical Patriarchate) and the Diocese of New York and New Jersey (Orthodox Church in America). The largest Oriental Orthodox bodies include the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.

Judaism and Islam were tied as the second-largest religious community (3.0%). Up to 1967, Jewish Americans formed a substantial portion of the middle class. Sunni, Shia and Ahmadiyya Muslims are the largest Islamic denominational demographic, though some Muslims in the area may be Quranists. Most Sunni mosques are members of the Islamic Society of North America. The Nation of Islam had a former mosque in Newark presided by Louis Farrakhan.

A little over 1.2% practiced an eastern religion including Sikhism, Hinduism, and Buddhism. The remainder of Newark was spiritual but not religious, agnostic, deistic, or atheist, though some Newarkers identified with neo-pagan religions including Wicca and other smaller new religious movements.

Economy

Downtown Newark at sunset

NJ Transit headquarters in Newark

More than 100,000 people commute to Newark each workday,^[128] making it the state's largest employment center with many white-collar jobs in insurance, finance, import-export, healthcare, and government.^[129] As a major courthouse venue including federal, state, and county facilities, it is home to more than 1,000 law firms. The city also has a significant number of college students, with nearly 50,000 attending the city's universities and medical and law schools.^[130][131] Its airport, maritime port, rail facilities, and highway network make Newark the busiest transshipment hub on the U.S. East Coast in terms of volume.^[132][133]

Though Newark is not the industrial colossus of the past, the city does have a considerable amount of industry and light manufacturing.^[134] The southern portion of the Ironbound, also known as the Industrial Meadowlands, has seen many factories built since World War II, including a large Anheuser-Busch brewery that opened in 1951 and distributed 7.5 million barrels of beer in 2007. Grain comes into the facility by rail.^[135] The service industry is also growing rapidly, replacing those in the manufacturing industry, which was once Newark's primary economy. In addition, transportation has become a large business in Newark, accounting for more than 17,000 jobs in 2011.^[136]

Newark is the third-largest insurance center in the United States, behind New York City and Hartford, Connecticut.^[137] Prudential Financial, Mutual Benefit Life, Fireman's Insurance, and American Insurance Company all originated in the city, while Prudential still has its home office in Newark.^[138] Many other companies are headquartered in the city, including IDT Corporation, NJ Transit, Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG), Manischewitz, Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield of New Jersey,^[139][140] and Edison Properties.

After the election of Cory Booker as mayor, millions of dollars of public-private partnership investment were made in Downtown development, but persistent underemployment continue to characterize many of the city's neighborhoods.^{[141][142][143][144][145][146]} Poverty remains a consistent problem in Newark. As of 2010, roughly one-third of the city's population was impoverished.^[147]

Portions of Newark are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. The city was selected in 1983 as one of the initial group of 10 zones chosen to participate in the program.^[148] In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6+5⁄8% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.^[149] Established in January 1986, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in December 2023.^[150]

The UEZ program in Newark and four other original UEZ cities had been allowed to lapse as of January 1, 2017, after Governor Chris Christie, who called the program an "abject failure", vetoed a compromise bill that would have extended the status for two years.^[151] In May 2018, Governor Phil Murphy signed a law that reinstated the program in these five cities and extended the expiration date in other zones.^[152]

Newark is one of nine cities in New Jersey designated as eligible for Urban Transit Hub Tax Credits by the state's Economic Development Authority. Developers who invest a minimum of $50 million within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of a train station are eligible for pro-rated tax credit.^[153][154]

Technology industry

The technology industry in Newark has grown significantly after Audible, an online audiobook and podcast company, moved its headquarters to Newark in 2007. The company was later acquired by Amazon.^[155] Panasonic moved its North America headquarters to the city in 2013.^[156] Other technology-focus companies followed suit. In 2015, AeroFarms, a developer of an aeroponic technology for farming moved its headquarters from Finger Lakes to Newark.^[157] By 2016, it had built the world's largest vertical farm in a Newark warehouse.^[158] The company was recognized in 2019 by Fast Company as one of the world's most innovative companies in data science.^[159] Broadridge Financial Solutions, a public FinTech company, announced a relocation of 1,000 jobs to Newark in 2017.^[160] In 2021, WebMD, an online publisher, announced that it will relocate and create up to 700 new jobs in the city.^[161]

In 2018, Newark was selected as one of 20 finalists for the location of Amazon HQ2, a new headquarters of Amazon. The advantages of Newark included proximity to New York City, lower land costs, tech labor force and higher education institutions, a major airport, and fiber optic networks.^[162] The extensive fiber optic networks in Newark started in the 1990s when telecommunication companies installed fiber optic network to put Newark as a strategic location for data transfer between Manhattan and the rest of the country during the dot-com boom. At the same time, the city encouraged those companies to install more than they needed.^[163] A vacant department store was converted into a telecommunication center called 165 Halsey Street.^[164] It became one of the world's largest carrier hotels.^[165] As a result, after the dot-com bust, there were a surplus of dark fiber (unused fiber optic cables). Twenty years later, the city and other private companies began utilizing the dark fiber to create high performance networks within the city.^[163]

As a concentration of technology workforce increased and investments grew in the city, it created an ecosystem for technology startups. Newark Venture Partners, an early-stage venture capital and startup accelerator launched in 2017, invested $42 million in its first funding round in 97 portfolio companies. In 2021, its second funding round raised up to $85 million.^[155][166] VentureLink@NJIT, the state's largest startup incubator, is located in New Jersey Institute of Technology campus. It has partnerships with international organizations such as National Association of Software and Services Companies of India.^[155] In 2021, HAX Accelerator, an early stage accelerator focused on hard tech startups, announced that it will create its US headquarters in Newark and build out a facility for industrial engineering, chemical engineering and systems integrators to fund industrial, healthcare, and green tech startups.^[167]

Newark Retail Reactivation Initiative

In the fall of 2023, in an effort to stimulate rental of empty storefronts along a parallel strip of Broad, Halsey and Washington streets, the city launched the Newark Retail Reactivation Initiative.^[168] The program makes monetary grants to certain qualifying businesses opening on Halsey and on other streets within the zone bordered by Broad Street to the east, Washington Street to the west, Washington Place to the north and William Street to the south.^[169] The district has a mix of residential, commercial and office spaces.^[170]

Port Newark

Main article: Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal

Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal with the New Jersey Turnpike in the foreground

Port Newark is the part of Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal and the largest cargo facility in the Port of New York and New Jersey. On Newark Bay, it is run by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and serves as the principal container ship facility for goods entering and leaving the New York metropolitan area and the northeastern quadrant of North America. The Port moved over $100 billion in goods in 2003, making it the 15th busiest in the world at the time, but was the number one container port as recently as 1985.^[171] Plans are underway for billions of dollars of improvements–larger cranes, bigger railyard facilities, deeper channels, and expanded wharves.^[172]

Property taxes

In 2018, the city had an average property tax bill of $6,481, the lowest in the county, compared to an average bill of $12,248 in Essex County and $8,767 statewide.^[173][174]

Arts and culture

Architecture

See also: List of tallest buildings in Newark and National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New Jersey

The Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Newark, currently headed by Cardinal Tobin. The structure is roughly the size of Westminster Abbey. The circular Great Rose Window is the largest of any Catholic church in the Western Hemisphere.

The base of the Wars of America monument at Military Park, created in 1926 by the sculptor of Mount Rushmore to honor America's war dead. "The design represents a great spearhead. Upon the green field of this spearhead we have placed a Tudor sword, the hilt of which represents the American nation at a crisis, answering the call to arms." – sculptor Gutzon Borglum

There are several notable Beaux-Arts buildings, such as the Veterans' Administration building, The Newark Museum of Art, the Newark Public Library, and the Cass Gilbert-designed Essex County Courthouse. Notable Art Deco buildings include several 1930s era skyscrapers, such as the National Newark Building and Eleven 80, the restored Newark Penn Station, and Arts High School. Gothic architecture can be found at the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart by Branch Brook Park, which is one of the largest Gothic cathedrals in the United States. It is rumored to have as much stained glass as the Cathedral of Chartres. Moorish Revival buildings include Newark Symphony Hall and the Prince Street Synagogue, one of the oldest synagogue buildings in New Jersey.^[175]

Performing arts

New Jersey Performing Arts Center

Newark Symphony Hall

The New Jersey Performing Arts Center, near Military Park, opened in 1997, is the home of the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra and the New Jersey State Opera, The center's programs of national and international music, dance, and theater make it the nation's sixth-largest performing arts center, attracting over 400,000 visitors each year.^[176]

Prior to the opening of the performing arts center, Newark Symphony Hall was home to the New Jersey Symphony, the New Jersey State Opera, and the Garden State Ballet, which still maintains an academy there.^[177] The 1925 neo-classical building, originally built by the Shriners, has three performance spaces, including the main concert hall named in honor of famous Newarker Sarah Vaughan, offering rhythm and blues, rap, hip-hop, and gospel music concerts, and is part of the modern-day Chitlin' Circuit.^[178]

The Newark Boys Chorus, founded in 1966, performs regularly in the city. The African Globe Theater Works presents new works seasonally. The biennial Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry Festival took place in Newark for the first time in 2010.^[179]

Venues at the universities in the city are also used to present professional and semi-professional theater, dance, and music. Since its opening in 2007, the Prudential Center has presented Diana Ross, Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, Britney Spears, The Eagles, Hannah Montana/Miley Cyrus, Bruce Springsteen, Spice Girls, Jonas Brothers, Metro Station, Metallica, Alicia Keys, Fleetwood Mac, Demi Lovato, David Archuleta, Aerosmith, Taylor Swift, Paul McCartney, and American Idol Live!, among others. The Rolling Stones broadcast their last show on their 50th anniversary tour live on pay-per-view from the arena on December 15, 2012. Bon Jovi performed a series of ten concerts to mark the venue's opening.^[180]

In the house music and garage house genres and scene, Newark is known as an innovator.^[181] Newark's Club Zanzibar, along with other gay and straight clubs in the 1970s and 1980s, was famous as both a gay and straight nightlife destination. Famed DJ Tony Humphries helped "spawn the sometimes raw but always soulful, gospel-infused subgenre" of house music known as the New Jersey sound.^[182][183] The club scene also gave rise to the ball culture scene in Newark hotels and nightclubs.^[184] Brick City club, a dance-oriented electronic music genre, is native to the city.^[185]

Museums, libraries, and galleries

Three buildings of The Newark Museum of Art, the largest museum in New Jersey

The Grammy Museum Experience

The Newark Museum of Art, formerly known as the Newark Museum, is the largest museum in New Jersey. Its art collection is ranked 12 among art museums in North America with highlights on American and Tibetan art.^[186] The museum also contains science galleries, a planetarium, a gallery for children's exhibits, a fire museum, a sculpture garden and an 18th-century schoolhouse. Also part of the museum is the historic John Ballantine House, a restored Victorian mansion which is a National Historic Landmark.

The city is also home to the New Jersey Historical Society, which has rotating exhibits on New Jersey and Newark. The Newark Public Library has eight locations.^[187] The library houses more than a million volumes and has frequent exhibits on a variety of topics, many featuring items from its Fine Print and Special Collections.^[188] The library also hosts daily programs including ESL classes, yoga classes, arts and crafts, history talks, and more.^[189]

Since 1962, Newark has been home to the Institute of Jazz Studies, the world's foremost jazz archives and research libraries.^[190] Located in the John Cotton Dana Library at Rutgers-Newark, the Institute houses more than 200,000 jazz recordings in all commercially available formats, more than 6,000 monograph titles, including discographies, biographies, history and criticism, published music, film and video; over 600 periodicals and serials, dating back to the early 20th century; and one of the country's most comprehensive jazz oral history collections, featuring more than 150 jazz oral histories, most with typed transcripts.^[191]

The Jewish Museum of New Jersey, located at 145 Broadway in the Broadway neighborhood, opened in December 2007.^[192] The museum is dedicated to the cultural heritage of New Jersey's Jewish people. The museum is housed at Ahavas Sholom, the last continually operating synagogue in Newark.^[193][194] By the 1950s there were 50 synagogues in Newark serving a Jewish population of 70,000 to 80,000, once the sixth-largest Jewish community in the United States.^[195][196]

The Grammy Museum Experience was an interactive, experiential museum devoted to the history and winners of the Grammy Awards at the Prudential Center from 2017 to 2023.

Newark is also home to numerous art galleries including the Paul Robeson Galleries at Rutgers University–Newark,^[197] as well as Aljira, a Center for Contemporary Art, City Without Walls, Gallery Aferro and Sumei Arts Center.^[198]

Public art

Main article: List of public art in Newark, New Jersey

Newark has four public works by Mount Rushmore sculptor Gutzon Borglum in Newark, which include Seated Lincoln (1911), Indian and the Puritan (1916), First Landing Party of the Founders of Newark (1916), and Wars of America (1926).

Newark Murals

Since 2009, the Newark Planning Office, in collaboration with local arts organizations, has sponsored Newark Murals, and seen the creation of dozens of outdoor murals about significant people, places, and events in the city.^[199]

The Portraits mural, a massive multi-artist painting the length of 25 football fields created in 2016, is the longest continuous mural on the East Coast, and the second longest in the country.^[200] Seventeen artists contributed sections to the mural, including Adrienne Wheeler, Akintola Hanif, David Oquendo, Don Rimx, El Decertor, GAIA, GERA, Kevin Darmanie, Khari Johnson-Ricks, Lunar New Year, Manuel Acevedo, Mata Ruda, Nanook, Nina Chanel Abney, Sonni, Tatyana Fazlalizadeh, WERC and Zeh Palito.^[201] "Portraits" begins roughly at the intersection of Poiner Street and McCarter Highway in the South Ironbound district and stretches northwards 1.39 miles (2.24 km) along the century-old stone walls supporting the Northeast Corridor and PATH tracks facing Newark's McCarter Highway (New Jersey Route 21).^[202]

Festivals and parades

Festivals and parades held annually or bi-annually include the Cherry Blossom Festival (April) in Branch Brook Park and the Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry Festival (October, biennial) at various venues and the citywide Open Doors (October),^[203]

Music festivals include the McDonald's Gospelfest (spring) at Prudential Center, the Lincoln Park Music Festival (July)^[204] at Lincoln Park, the Afro Beat Fest (July) at Military Park,^[205] and the James Moody Jazz Festival, named for James Moody, the jazz artist raised in Newark (week-long event in November).^[206] The Weequahic Park House Music Festival takes place every September in Weequahic Park.^[207]

The Portugal Day Festival in the Ironbound section, takes place in June. St. Lucy's Church, a historically Italian parish in what was Newark's Little Italy, features an annual October procession and festival for St. Gerard Majella. Our Lady of Mt. Carmel in the Ironbound hosts its annual Italian Street Festival every July.

Newark is home to a number of annual film festivals, including the Newark Black Film Festival.^[208] The North to Shore Festival, inaugurated in June 2023, featured music and other entertainment events in Newark as well as Asbury Park and Atlantic City.^[209]

Parks and recreation

Colonial commons

Wars Of America by Mount Rushmore sculptor Gutzon Borglum in Military Park

• Military Park in Downtown Newark, the town commons since 1869 and home to the Wars of America sculpture by Mount Rushmore sculptor Gutzon Borglum and the casual restaurant, Burg.^[210] As of 2018, the park is privately operated. Managed by a nonprofit corporation, the Military Park Partnership, which is staffed by Dan Biederman and Biederman Redevelopment Ventures, credited with transforming Manhattan's Bryant Park. The Military Park Partnership manages the programs, events, operations, security, and horticulture of the park.
• Lincoln Park in the Arts District, one of three original colonial-era commons in Newark. From the 1920s to the 1950s, Lincoln Park was at the southern end of Newark's jazz and nightlife strip known as "The Coast."
• Harriet Tubman Square, the northernmost of the three original colonial-era commons in Newark. Formerly known as Washington Park, the equestrian statue of George Washington by J. Massey Rhind was dedicated here in 1912.^[211] Philip Roth's narrator in Goodbye, Columbus visits the park, saying "Sitting there in the park, I felt a deep knowledge of Newark, an attachment so rooted that it could not help but branch out into affection."^[212]

Passaic River waterfront

Orange boardwalk in Riverfront Park and Jackson Street Bridge

• Riverfront Park, which stretches along the Passaic River, includes the "Orange Boardwalk" & paths with views of the water.^{[213][214][215][216][217]}

County parks

Weequahic Lake in Weequahic Park

Branch Brook Park in the North Ward of Newark

Several parks in the city are part of the Essex County Park System.

• Branch Brook Park is home to Newark's annual Cherry Blossom Festival.^[218] The park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nation's largest collection of cherry blossom trees, numbering over 5,000.^{[219][220][221][222]} The park also features a lake and a pond. It was designed by the Olmsted Brothers firm, who carried on the firm of landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.^[223]
• Independence Park is in the Ironbound district.^{[224][225][226]}
• Ivy Hill Park in Ivy Hill^[227][228]
• Vailsburg Park, covering 30.32 acres (12.27 ha), is in the Vailsburg neighborhood.^[229]
• Riverbank Park^[230] in the Ironbound along the Passaic River.^[231]
• Veterans Memorial Park is adjacent to the county courthouse complex.^[232]
• Weequahic Park, also designed by Olmsted Brothers, located in the South Ward in the Dayton section, east of the formerly heavily Jewish^[233] Weequahic neighborhood. It features 80-acre (320,000 m²) Weequahic Lake, an anthropogenic lake formed out of a marsh.^[234] Author Philip Roth describes the park in his historical fantasy novel The Plot Against America (2004). The non-profit Weequahic Park Sports Authority helps maintain the park.^[235][236]
• West Side Park is a 30.36-acre (12.29 ha) park in the West Side neighborhood.^[237][238]

Municipal parks and squares

• Peter Francisco Park, the gateway to the Ironbound at Five Corners.
• Jesse Allen Park, in the Central Ward. The 8-acre (3.2 ha) Jesse Allen Park is Newark's second-largest city-owned park and is named for a former member of the Municipal Council of Newark.^[239][240]
• The Greater Newark Conservancy maintains the Judith L. Shipley Urban Environmental Center,^[241][242] and the Prudential Outdoor Learning Center.^[243][244] It offers urban farming and gardening displays and instruction and also includes a small pond.
• Mulberry Commons is a park between Prudential Center and Penn Station near what was once the heart of Newark's Chinatown.^[245]
• Nat Turner Park. Dedicated in July 2009, Newark's largest city-owned park is located in the Central Ward. It is named for the famous 19th-century American slave rebellion leader, Nat Turner.^[246]

Golf and other recreational facilities

• Sharpe James/Kenneth A. Gibson (Ironbound) Recreation Center.^[247]
• John F. Kennedy Recreation & Aquatic Center^[247]
• Rotunda Recreation & Wellness Center^[247]
• Marquis "Bo" Porter Recreation & Aquatic Center^[247]
• Hayes Park West Recreation Center^[247]
• Bradley Court Housing Complex^[247]
• Weequahic Golf Course is an 18-hole public course.^[248] The facility was described in 2016 by the Golf Channel as a "hidden gem".^[249] Home to The First Tee Program of Essex County and golf pro Wiley Williams, who was one of the first African-American golfers to win a major New Jersey golf event and works to introduce city youth to the sport.^[250][251]
• Jesse Allen Skateboard Park.^[252]

Media

Newark is within the metro New York media market.^[253]

Newspapers

Headquarters of The Star-Ledger

The state's leading newspaper, The Star-Ledger, owned by Advance Publications, is based in Newark. The newspaper sold its headquarters in July 2014, with the offices of the publisher, the editorial board, columnists, and magazine relocating to the Gateway Center.^[254] The Newark Targum is a weekly student newspaper published by the Targum Publishing Company for the student population of the Newark campus of Rutgers University.

Other news outlets

• TAP Into Newark is an online news site devoted to Newark.^[255]
• Newark Patch is a daily online news source dedicated to local Newark news.^[256]
• Local Talk is a local paper on Newark and the surrounding area.^[257]
• The Newarker is a quarterly journal about culture, history, and society in Newark and surrounding areas.^[258]
• The Newark Times is an online news media platform dedicated to Newark lifestyle, events, and culture.^[259]
• The Newark Metro covers metropolitan life from Newark to North Jersey to New York City and is a journalism project at Rutgers Newark.^[260]
• RLS Media covers breaking news from Newark and surrounding municipalities.^[261]
• The City of Newark shares news and events via its official Twitter account.^[262]
• The Pod, developed by Black Owned New Jersey, is a weekly podcast that helps small businesses build, grow, and maintain their business.

Radio

With a studio on the 6th floor and showy antenna on the roof, Bamberger's launched WOR to sell more radios.

Pioneer radio station WOR was started by Bamberger Broadcasting Service in 1922 and broadcast from studios at its retailer's downtown department store. Today the building serves telecom, colocation, and computer support industries known as 165 Halsey Street.^[263]

Radio station WJZ (now WABC) made its first broadcast in 1921 from the Westinghouse plant near Broad Street Station. It moved to New York City in the 1920s. Radio station WNEW-AM (now WBBR) was founded in Newark in 1934 and later moved to New York City. WBGO, a National Public Radio affiliate with a format of standard and contemporary jazz, is at 54 Park Place in downtown Newark. WNSW AM-1430 (formerly WNJR) and WQXR (which was formerly WHBI and later WCAA) 105.9 FM are also licensed to Newark.^[264]

Telephone

In 1915, the Bell System under ownership of American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) tested newly developed panel switching technology in Newark when they cutover the telephone exchanges Mulberry and Waverly to semi-mechanical operation on January 16 and June 12, respectively. The Panel system was the Bell System solution to the big city problem, where an exchange had to serve large numbers of subscribers on both manual as well as automatically switched central offices, without negatively impacting established user convenience and reliability. As originally introduced in these exchanges, subscribers' telephones had no dials and customers continued to make calls by asking an operator to ring their called party, at which point the operator keyed the telephone number into the panel equipment, instead of making cord connections manually.^[265]

1948 telephone set from the historic Bigelow Panel exchange in Newark, the last Panel office in existence when it was dismantled in 1983.

Most Panel installations across the country were replaced by modern systems during the 1970s and the last Panel switch was decommissioned in the BIgelow central office in Newark in 1983.^[266]

While Newark, like all of New Jersey, had area code 201 assigned for long-distance calling since 1947, the rate center was reassigned to area code 973 in 1997, which was overlaid with area code 551 in 2001. With cellular service proliferating in Northern New Jersey in the 21st century, central office prefixes from the adjacent New Jersey NPAs (201, 551, 732/848, 908) were made available in the Newark rate center for cellular and voice over IP (VoIP) services.^[20]

Television

NJTV transmitter at Montclair State University

New Jersey's first television station, WATV Channel 13, signed-on May 15, 1948, from studios at the Mosque Theater known as the "Television Center Newark." The studios were home to WNTA-13 beginning in 1958 and WNJU-47 until 1989.^[267]

WNET, the successor to WATV, is flagship station of the Public Broadcasting Service serving the New York market. Spanish-language WFUT-TV Channel 68, a UniMás owned-and-operated station, is also licensed to Newark. Tempo Networks, producing for the pan-Caribbean television market, is based in the city.^[268] NwkTV has been the city's government access channel since 2009 and broadcast as Channel 78 on Optimum.^[269][270] The company has a high-tech call center in Newark, employing over 500 people. PBS network NJTV's main broadcasting studios (NJTV is also a sister station of the Newark-licensed WNET) are also in the Gateway Center Office Complex.^[271]

Film

The Newark Black Film Festival has been held annually since in 1974. The Newark International Film Festival is an annual event that has hosted screenings, workshops and stunt exhibitions in Newark since 2015. They are held under the auspices of the North to Shore Festival.^[272]

Film production in Newark in 2004

The New Jersey Motion Picture and Television Commission is headquartered in the Newark.^[273] In 2011, the city created the Newark Office of Film and Television in order to promote the making of media productions.^[274][275]

There have been several film and TV productions depicting life in Newark. Life of Crime was originally produced in 1988 and was followed by a 1998 sequel.^[276] New Jersey Drive is a 1995 film about the city when it was considered the "car theft capital of the world".^[277] Street Fight is an Academy Award-nominated documentary film which covered the 2002 mayoral election between incumbent Sharpe James and challenger Cory Booker. In 2009, the Sundance Channel aired Brick City, a five-part television documentary about Newark, focusing on the community's attempt to become a better and safer place to live, against a history of nearly a half century of violence, poverty and official corruption. The second season premiered January 30, 2011.^[278] Revolution '67 is a documentary which examines the causes and events of the 1967 Newark riots. The Once and Future Newark (2006) is a documentary travelogue about places of cultural, social and historical significance by Rutgers History Professor Clement Price.^[279] The HBO television series The Sopranos filmed many of its scenes in Newark.^[280] The Many Saints of Newark is a Sopranos prequel by David Chase set in the late 1960s and early 1970s.^[281] Heart of Stone (2009) reflects on white flight in the heavily Jewish Weequahic section and Weequahic High School.^[282] Rob Peace, is a film adaptation of The Short and Tragic Life of Robert Peace, the life story of a Newark native murdered in 2011.^[283]

Numerous movies, television programs, and music videos have been shot in Newark, its period architecture and its streetscape seen as an ideal "urban setting". In 2012 the city hosted the seventh season of the reality show competition America's Got Talent.^[284] Among the films shot in Newark are Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989),^[285] Joker (depicting the abandoned movie palace known as the Newark Paramount Theatre),^[286] Cat Person, and the 2022 horror movie, Smile, with several locations, including Murphy Varnish Lofts and Rutgers Medical School.^[287] The movie The Perfect Find also had scenes filmed in Newark as did the movie, The Greatest Beer Run Ever.^[288] Scenes for the movie Bros were filmed throughout the city in 2021, including at the Newark Museum, exterior of the which are shown as the LGBT museum.^[287]

Studios

In 2009, the Ironbound Film & Television Studios, the only "stay and shoot" facility in the metro area opened, its first production being Bar Karma.^[289]

In 2022, the city announced that a major new film and television production studio overlooking Weequahic Park and Weequahic Golf Course, to be called Lionsgate Newark Studios, would open in 2024 on the 15-acre former Seth Boyden housing projects site in the Dayton section of the city.^{[290][291][292]}

Theatres

Newark Theatre was built in 1853 as the first theater at the location of 138 Market Street and Halsey Street. In 1880s, operated as a vaudeville house named Fred Waldmann's Opera House

Main article: List of theaters in Newark, New Jersey

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Newark had many theaters and movie houses that were vaudeville or burlesque style. As innovation occurred in film, Newark contributed to the development to the American film industry with local inventors' innovation of celluloid and its use as movie film.^[293] The Newark movie theatres during this early part of the 20th century had established a large audience, with 62 movie houses in the city by 1922.^[294]

Hill Theatre was located at 100 Springfield Avenue from 1917 to about 1930 as a vaudeville and movie theater. George Burns and Gracie Allen had their first performance here

Later, many of these locations were used for live performances of notable actors prior to becoming renowned. The introduction of television for entertainment during the 1940s and 1950s was the start of a decades-long decline in attendance in movie theaters. The last two downtown movie theatres were the Adams and the Newark Paramount Theatre, which both closed in 1986.^[295] Attempts for movie theatre revivals were established in the 1990s. As of 2024, the CityPlex 12 Newark movie theatre, located off Springfield Avenue and Bergen Street, is the only theater in operation in the city. The New Jersey Performing Arts Center, located at 1 Center Street, is currently operating as theatre production and concerts.^[296] The 2,800-seat Newark Symphony Hall located at 1020 Broad Street has been in operations since 1925.^[297]

Sports

See also: Sports in Newark, New Jersey

Newark has hosted many teams, though much of the time without an MLB, NBA, NHL, or NFL team in the city proper. Currently, the city is home to just one, the NHL's New Jersey Devils. As the second-largest city in the New York metropolitan area, Newark is part of the regional professional sports and media markets.^{[253][298][299]}

The Prudential Center, a multi-purpose indoor arena designed by HOK Sport, is located in downtown adjacent to Newark Penn Station.^[300] Known as "The Rock", the arena opened in 2007 and is the home of the Devils and the NCAA's Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball team, seating 18,711 for basketball and 16,514 for hockey.^[301]

Downtown was also home to Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium, which was a 6,200-seat baseball park built near the Passaic River to house the Newark Bears, an independent minor league baseball team, and opened in 1999. Also serving as the home stadium for Rutgers-Newark and NJIT's college baseball teams, Riverfront Stadium closed in 2014 after the Bears ceased operations.^[302] In 2016, the stadium was sold to a developer, and three years later it was demolished.^[303]

The Prudential Center

Club	Sport	Established	League	Venue
New Jersey Devils	Ice hockey	1974 (Moved to East Rutherford in 1982, then Newark in 2007)	NHL	Prudential Center
Metropolitan Riveters	Ice hockey	2016	NWHL	Barnabas Health Hockey Center
Seton Hall Pirates	Basketball	1908–1909	NCAA Big East	Prudential Center
Jersey Express	Basketball	2005	ABA	YMCA of Newark & Vicinity

The New Jersey Nets played two seasons (2010–2012) at the Prudential Center until moving to the Barclays Center.^[304] The New York Liberty of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) also played there for three seasons (2011–2013) during renovations of Madison Square Garden.^[305] The center has hosted the 2012 Stanley Cup Finals, the 2011 NBA draft, and the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. EliteXC: Primetime, a mixed martial arts (MMA) event which took place on May 31, 2008, was the first MMA event aired in primetime on major American network television.^[306]

Newark was a host city and its airport a gateway for Super Bowl XLVIII which was played on February 2, 2014.^{[307][308][309]} The game took place at MetLife Stadium, home of the hosting teams New York Giants and New York Jets. Media Day, the first event leading up to the game, took place on January 28 at the Prudential Center. The original Vince Lombardi Trophy, produced by Tiffany & Co. in Newark in 1967 and borrowed from the Green Bay Packers, was displayed at the Newark Museum from January 8 until March 30, 2014.^[310] Ultimate Fighting Championship's annual Super Bowl weekend mixed martial arts event, UFC 169: Cruz vs. Barao, took place on February 1 at the Prudential Center.^[311]

Government

Local

The city is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council Plan C form of local government, which became effective as of July 1, 1954, after the voters of the city of Newark passed a referendum held on November 3, 1953.^[4][312] The city is one of 79 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government.^[313] The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the City Council, who are elected concurrently on a non-partisan basis to four-year terms of office at the May municipal election. The mayor is directly elected by the residents of Newark. The city council comprises nine members, with one council member from each of the city's five wards and four council members who are elected on an at-large basis.^[314] The structure of the council was established after a 1953 referendum, in which more than 65% of voters approved a change from a five-member commission.^[315]

As of 2023^[update], the mayor of Newark is Ras Baraka, who is serving a third term of office ending on June 30, 2026;^[5] Baraka first took office as the city's 40th mayor on July 1, 2014.^[316] Members of Newark's Municipal Council are Council President LaMonica McIver (Central Ward), Luis A. Quintana (at-large), Patrick O. Council (South Ward), C. Lawrence Crump (at-large), Carlos M. Gonzalez (at-large), Dupré L. Kelly (West Ward), Anibal Ramos Jr. (North Ward), Louise Scott-Rountree (at-large) and Michael J. Silva (East Ward), all serving concurrent terms of office ending June 30, 2026.^{[317][318][319][320][321]}

Federal, state, and county

Newark is split between the 8th and 10th Congressional Districts^[322] and is part of New Jersey's 28th and 29th state legislative districts.^{[323][324][325][326]} Prior to the 2010 census, Newark had been split between the 10th Congressional District and the 13th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.^[326] As part of the split that took effect in 2013, 123,763 residents in two non-contiguous sections in the city's north and northeast were placed in the 8th District and 153,377 in the southern and western portions of the city were placed in the 10th District.^[322][327]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 8th congressional district is represented by Rob Menendez (D, Jersey City).^[328][329] For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 10th congressional district is represented by Donald Payne Jr. (D, Newark).^[330][331] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)^[332] and George Helmy (Mountain Lakes, term ends 2024), who was appointed to the seat following the resignation of Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs).^[333][334]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 28th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Renee Burgess (D, Irvington) and in the General Assembly by Garnet Hall (D, Maplewood) and Cleopatra Tucker (D, Newark).^[335] For the 2024-2025 session, the 29th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Teresa Ruiz (D, Newark) and in the General Assembly by Eliana Pintor Marin (D, Newark) and Shanique Speight (D, Newark).^[336]

Essex County is governed by a directly elected county executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of County Commissioners. As of 2024^[update], the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. (D, Roseland), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.^[337] The county's Board of County Commissioners is composed of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected on an at-large basis. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November.^[338] Essex County's Commissioners are:

Robert Mercado (D, District 1 – Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark, 2026),^[339] A'Dorian Murray-Thomas (D, District 2 – Irvington, Maplewood and parts of Newark's South and West Wards; Newark, 2026),^[340] Vice President Tyshammie L. Cooper (D, District 3 - Newark: West and Central Wards; East Orange, Orange and South Orange; East Orange, 2026),^[341] Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 – Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell, 2026),^[342] President Carlos M. Pomares (D, District 5 – Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Bloomfield, 2026),^[343] Brendan W. Gill (D, at large; Montclair, 2026),^[344] Romaine Graham (D, at large; Irvington, 2026),^[345] Wayne Richardson (D, at large; Newark, 2026),^[346] Patricia Sebold (D, at-large; Livingston, 2026).^{[347][348][349][350][351]}

Constitutional officers elected countywide are: Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (D, West Caldwell, 2025),^[352][353] Register of Deeds Juan M. Rivera Jr. (D, Newark, 2025),^[354][355] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (D, Fairfield, 2024),^[356][357] and Surrogate Alturrick Kenney (D, Newark, 2028).^[358][359]

Politics

On the national level, Newark leans strongly toward the Democratic Party. As of March 23, 2011, out of a 2010 census population of 277,140 in Newark, there were 136,785 registered voters (66.3% of the 2010 population ages 18 and over of 206,253, vs. 77.7% in all of Essex County of the 589,051 ages 18 and up) of which 68,393 (50.0% vs. 45.9% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,548 (2.6% vs. 9.9% countywide) were registered as Republicans, 64,812 (47.4% vs. 44.1% countywide) were registered as Unaffiliated and there were 30 voters registered to other parties.^[360]

In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 90.8% of the vote (77,112 ballots cast), ahead of Republican John McCain who received 7.0% of the vote (5,957 votes), with 84,901 of the city's 140,946 registered voters participating, for a turnout of 60.2% of registered voters.^[361] In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 95.0% of the vote (78,352 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 4.7% (3,852 votes), and other candidates with 0.4% (298 votes), among the 82,030 ballots cast by the city's 145,059 registered voters for a turnout of 56.5%.^[362][363] In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 90.7% of the vote (69,042 cast); Republican Donald Trump received 6.7% of the vote (5,094 cast); and other candidates received 1.5% of the vote (1,139 cast).^[364]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 80.8% of the vote (29,039 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 17.9% (6,443 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (437 votes), among the 37,114 ballots cast by the city's 149,778 registered voters (1,195 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 24.8%.^[365][366] In the 2009 Gubernatorial Election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 90.2% of the vote (36,637 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie who received 8.3% of the vote (3,355 votes), with 40,613 of the city's 134,195 registered voters (30.3%) participating.^[367]

Political corruption

Newark has been marred with political corruption throughout the years. Five of the previous^[when?] seven mayors of Newark have been indicted on criminal charges, including the three mayors before Cory Booker: Hugh Addonizio, Kenneth Gibson and Sharpe James. As reported by Newsweek: "... every mayor since 1962 (except one, Cory Booker) has been indicted for crimes committed while in office".^[368]

Addonizio was mayor of Newark from 1962 to 1970. A son of Italian immigrants, a tailor and World War II veteran, he ran on a reform platform, defeating the incumbent, Leo Carlin, whom, ironically, Addonizio characterized as corrupt and a part of the political machine of the era. In December 1969, Addonizio and nine present or former officials of the municipal administration in Newark were indicted by a Federal grand jury; five other persons were also indicted.^[369] In July 1970, the former mayor, and four other defendants, were found guilty by a Federal jury on 64 counts each, one of conspiracy and 63 of extortion.^[370] In September 1970, Addonizio was sentenced to ten years in federal prison and fined $25,000 by Federal Judge George H. Barlow for his role in a plot that involved the extortion of $1.5 million in kickbacks, a crime that the judge said "tore at the very heart of our civilized society and our form of representative government".^[371][372]

His successor was Kenneth Gibson, the city's first African American mayor, elected in 1970. He pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion in 2002 as part of a plea agreement on fraud and bribery charges. During his tenure as mayor in 1980, Gibson was tried and acquitted of giving out no-show jobs by an Essex County jury.^[373]

Sharpe James, who defeated Gibson in 1986 and declined to run for a sixth term in 2006, was indicted on 33 counts of conspiracy, mail fraud, and wire fraud by a federal grand jury sitting in Newark. The grand jury charged James with spending $58,000 on city-owned credit cards for personal gain and orchestrating a scheme to sell city-owned land at below-market prices to his companion, who immediately re-sold the land to developers and gained a profit of over $500,000. James pleaded not guilty on 25 counts at his initial court appearance on July 12, 2007. On April 17, 2008, James was found guilty for his role in the conspiring to rig land sales at nine city-owned properties for personal gain. The former mayor was sentenced to serve up to 27 months in prison, and was released on April 6, 2010, for good behavior.^[374]

Education

Colleges and universities

Newark is the home of multiple institutions of higher education, including: a Berkeley College campus,^[375] the main campus of Essex County College,^[376] New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT),^[377] the Newark Campus of Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (formerly University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey),^[378] Rutgers University–Newark,^[379] Seton Hall University School of Law,^[380] and Pillar College. Kean University is located in adjacent Union, New Jersey. Most of Newark's academic institutions are in the city's University Heights district. The colleges and universities have worked together to help revitalize the area, which serves more than 60,000 students and faculty.^[381]

Public schools

Newark Public Schools headquarters

Science Park High School

In the 2013–2017 American Community Survey, 13.6% of Newark residents ages 25 and over had never attended high school and 12.5% did not graduate from high school, while 74.1% had graduated from high school, including the 14.4% who had earned a bachelor's degree or higher.^[382] The total school enrollment in Newark was 77,097 in the 2013–2017 ACS, with nursery and preschool enrollment of 7,432, elementary / high school (K–12) enrollment of 49,532 and total college / graduate school enrollment of 20,133.^[383]

The Newark Public Schools, a state-operated school district for two decades and until 2018,^[384] is the largest school system in New Jersey. The district was one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke^[385] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.^[386][387] As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of 65 schools, had an enrollment of 40,423 students and 2,886.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.0:1.^[388]

Science Park High School, which was the 69th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 322 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2010 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 50th in 2008 out of 316 schools. Technology High School has a GreatSchools rating of 9/10 and was ranked 165th in New Jersey Monthly's 2010 rankings. Newark high schools ranked in the bottom 10% of the New Jersey Monthly 2010 list include Central (274th), East Side (293rd), Newark Vocational (304th), Weequahic (310th), Barringer (311th), Malcolm X Shabazz (314th) and West Side (319th).^[389] Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg donated a challenge grant of $100 million to the district in 2010, choosing Newark because he stated he believed in Mayor Cory Booker and Governor Chris Christie's abilities.^[390]

Charter schools in Newark include the Robert Treat Academy Charter School, a National Blue Ribbon School drawing students from all over Newark. It remains one of the top performing K–8 schools in New Jersey based on standardized test scores.^[391] University Heights Charter School is another charter school, serving children in grades K–5, recognized as a 2011 Epic Silver Gain School.^[392] Gray Charter School, like Robert Treat, also won a Blue Ribbon Award.^[393] Also, Newark Collegiate Academy (NCA) opened in August 2007 and serves 420 students in grades 9–12. It will ultimately serve over 570 students, mostly matriculating from other charter schools in the area.^[394]

Private schools

The city hosts three high schools as part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark: the coeducational Christ The King Prep, founded in 2007, is part of the Cristo Rey Community; Saint Benedict's Preparatory School is an all-boys Roman Catholic high school founded in 1868 and conducted by the Benedictine monks of Newark Abbey, whose campus has grown to encompass both sides of MLK Jr. Blvd. near Market Street and includes a dormitory for boarding students; and Saint Vincent Academy which is an all-girls Roman Catholic high school founded and sponsored by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth and operated continuously since 1869.^[395]

Link Community School is a non-denominational coeducational day school that serves approximately 128 students in seventh and eighth grades. The Newark Boys Chorus School was founded in the 1960s.^[396] University Heights Charter School, which opened in 2006, taught 614 students in grades Pre-K–8 in 2014–2015.^[397]

Public safety

Newark Department of Public Safety

In 2016, under Mayor Ras Baraka's direction, the city consolidated the then-separate departments of Fire, Police, and Office of Emergency Management as divisions under the newly created Department Of Public Safety.^[398]

Fire department

Former Engine 8 firehouse in Newark's Ironbound neighborhood

The city is protected by more than 700 full-time, paid firefighters of the Newark Fire Division (NFD). Founded in 1863, the NFD operates out of 16 firehouses throughout the city that are organized into 4 firefighting battalions (Battalions 1,3,4, and 5), with each Battalion Chief under the command of a deputy chief/tour commander. There is also a Safety Battalion Chief, Battalion 2, and a Special Operations Battalion Chief, Battalion 6, on duty 24/7. The NFD operates 16 engine companies, 8 ladder companies, 1 rescue company, an Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Collapse Rescue Unit (Rescue 2), a USAR Collapse Rescue Shoring Unit, 2 fire boats, a scuba diving unit, a mobile medical ambulance bus, an air cascade unit, a foam unit, a quick attack response vehicle (QRV 1), a mobile command unit, 3 HazMat units, and numerous special, support, and reserve units. The NFD responds to approximately 45,000 emergency calls annually. In 2006, the NFD responded to 2,681 fire and hazardous condition calls. The department is a member of the Metro USAR Strike Team, which includes nine North Jersey fire departments.^[399]

Law enforcement

Newark Police Department's 2nd Precinct complex

The Newark Police Division is a city-operated law enforcement agency. As of January 2014, the force had 1,006 officers in its ranks. The Director of Public Safety is Brian A. O’Hara.^[400]

The Essex County Sheriff's Office, the New Jersey Transit Police Department (headquartered in Penn Plaza East) and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department are also within their jurisdiction in the city, as are the New Jersey State Police. In April 2014, it was announced that the State Police would play a more prominent role in patrolling the streets of the city under the "TIDE-TAG" program.^[401] The Essex County College Police Department,^[402] New Jersey Institute of Technology Police Department^[403] and Rutgers University Police Department^[404] patrol their respective college campuses in the city. Conrail and Amtrak Police patrol their respective rail yards and property.

In 2018, the Newark Police began a de-escalation training program, which they credit for the achievement of no officer firing their weapon on duty in all of 2020.^[405]

Emergency management

The city's Office of Emergency Management (OEM) purpose is to facilitate coordination of emergency response activities and provide available emergency management resources for support of emergency response activities within the city. The OEM establishes policies, procedures, and mechanisms for the centralized coordination and emergency management of response efforts and the effective collection, processing, and dissemination of pertinent information during potential or actual emergency situations. OEM coordinates the distribution of commodities between the county and municipal agencies and ensures all emergency management capabilities are tested, evaluated, and updated for immediate implementation.^[406]

Emergency Medical Services

University Hospital EMS (UH-EMS) operates the EMS system for the city. The department operates a fleet of six BLS units staffed with two EMTs 24/7, supplemented by four 12-hour "power" units (operated during peak demand time hours), five ALS units staffed with two paramedics (one of which is stationed at Newark International Airport and covers the airport and Port Newark-Elizabeth, and frequently responds into the City of Elizabeth), and a critical care unit staffed by a paramedic and an RN. With distinction they also staff the only hospital based heavy rescue truck in the country, known as University EMS Rescue 1. The EMS system is one of the busiest systems per unit in the nation. On average, a BLS unit may be sent to 20–25 dispatches in a 12-hour shift. They also provide the medical staffing for Northstar and Southstar, which are the two NJ State Police medevac helicopters, staffing one flight nurse and a flight medic around the clock. The EMS system in Newark handles upwards of 125,000 requests for service annually.^[407] The Ironbound Volunteer Ambulance Squad helps by handling BLS calls in the East Ward when members are on duty and has been in operation since 1969. The Vailsburg Volunteer Rescue Squad helps by handling BLS calls in the West Ward when members are on duty and has been in operation since 2019.

Crime

In 1996, Money magazine ranked Newark "The Most Dangerous City in the Nation."^[408] By 2007, the city recorded a total of 99 homicides for the year, representing a significant drop from the record of 161 murders set in 1981.^{[409][410][411][412]} The number of murders in 2008 dropped to 65, a decline of 30% from the previous year and the lowest in the city since 2002 when there were also 65 murders.^[413]

In 2010, Newark recorded 90 homicides.^[414] March 2010 was the first calendar month since 1966 in which the city did not record a homicide.^[415] Overall, there was a 6% increase in crime numbers over the previous year, including a rise in carjackings for the third straight year, with the 337 incidents raising concerns that the city was returning to its status as the "car theft capital of the world".^[416] Along with the increase in crime, the Newark Police Department increased its recovery of illegally owned guns in 2011 to 696, up from 278 in 2010.^[417] The Federal Bureau of Investigation recorded 94 homicides in 2011 and 95 in 2012.^[418] In 2012 CNNMoney ranked Newark as the 6th most dangerous city in the United States, based on numbers by FBI Crime in the United States 2011 report.^[419] The city had 10 murders in 10 days during the period ending September 6, 2013, a statistic largely attributed to the reduction of the police force.^[420][421] In 2013 Newark recorded 111 homicides, the first year ending in triple digits in seven years^[422] and the highest tally since 1990, accounting for 27% of all murders statewide.^[423] In 2014, the total number of homicides in Newark was 93,^[424] while Essex County as a whole had 117 murders.^[425] The Star-Ledger reported that there were 105 homicides in the city in 2015.^[426] The city had 72 homicides in 2017, a statistic described as a "historic low",^[427] and a sharp drop from the 96 murders recorded in the city in 2016.^[428] The Newark Police reported 69 homicides for 2018.^[429] As of August 13, 2019, after a period of 50 consecutive days without a homicide, a total of 34 had been recorded.^[430]

Water contamination

In Newark, lead concentrations in water accumulated for several years in the 2010s as a result of inaccurate testing and poor leadership. Newark's problem came from a negligence of officials who the city relied on to ensure clean water.^[431] The decrease in the quality of the water was due to several factors that were all somewhat interconnected. Lead service pipes that carry water were installed in Newark.^[432]

When this was recognized, the city had CDM Smith, a construction company that specializes in water systems, conduct a study to determine whether or not the water quality was safe enough to drink. The results revealed that the water was in fact safe to drink, but the results were severely skewed.^[433] This is because the city receives water from two water supplies: the Pequannock Treatment Plant and the Wanaque Treatment Plant.^[433] In some sampling rounds, only areas served by Pequannock were sampled, and in other rounds, only areas served by Wanaque were sampled, and each had different contaminant control systems in place that varied in their effectiveness. The Pequannock supply uses pH adjustments and silica for its corrosion control method, which worked for two decades before losing its effectiveness in 2016, while the Wanaque supply uses orthophosphate, a much more effective precaution.^[434][433]

In addition to this, the EPA requires that samples of drinking water be taken after no one has turned on a faucet for at least eight hours. Therefore, if high levels of lead do not show up in that initial sample, no further samples are required.^[433] This sample only represents the water closest to the faucet, that has not been stagnant in lead service lines, whereas the stagnant water in the lead piping may not be drawn until much later.^[433][432]

Top officials in Newark denied that their water system had a widespread lead problem, declaring on their website that the water was absolutely safe to drink.^[431] Even after municipal water tests revealed the severity of the problem Mayor Ras Baraka mailed a brochure to the cities residents that the water meets all federal standards.^[434] Although the city called an emergency declaration to allow them to purchase and distribute water filters for faucets but many of these were faulty.^[434] The city has received three noncompliance notices for exceeding lead levels since 2017 and continues to fight its lead problem.^[433]

Infrastructure

Transportation

The skylines of New York City and Jersey City as seen from Newark Liberty International Airport in March 2007

Newark is a hub of air, road, rail, and ship traffic, making it a significant gateway into the New York metropolitan area and the Mid-Atlantic U.S.^[435]

Newark Liberty International Airport is the second-busiest airport in the New York metro area and the 15th-busiest in the United States (in terms of passenger traffic).^[436] Newark Airport was the New York City area's first commercial airport, opened in 1928 on land reclaimed by the Port Authority.^[31]

Port Newark, on Newark Bay, is the 15th-busiest port in the world and the largest container port on the East Coast of the United States. In 2003, the port moved over $100 billion in goods.^[437]

Early modes of transport

Newark Trolley line on Market Street near Newark's present day courthouse

The Morris Canal, stretching 102 miles (164 km) to Newark from Phillipsburg on the Delaware River, was completed in 1831 and allowed coal and other industrial and agricultural products from Pennsylvania to be transported cheaply and efficiently to the New York metropolitan area. The canal's completion led to increased settlement in Newark, vastly increasing the population for years to come. After the canal was decommissioned, its right of way was converted into the Newark City Subway, now known as the Newark Light Rail. Many of the subway stations still portray the canal in its original state, in the form of mosaic works.^[438]

As the city became increasingly congested further means of transportation were sought, eventually leading to horse-drawn trolleys. These, in turn, were replaced by electric trolleys that traveled down the main streets of downtown Newark, including Broad Street, and up Market Street near the courthouse.^[439] The trolley cars did not last long as the personal motor vehicle quickly gained popularity and slowly made the trolley system seem like a burden.^[440]

Roads and highways

Aerial view of the interchange of Interstate 95 and Interstate 78 in Newark

Newark Light Rail

As of May 2010^[update], the city had a total of 368.21 miles (592.58 km) of roadways, of which 318.77 miles (513.01 km) were maintained by the municipality, 17.61 miles (28.34 km) by Essex County, 22.66 miles (36.47 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 9.17 miles (14.76 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.^[441]

Newark is served by numerous highways including the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95), Interstate 280, Interstate 78, the Garden State Parkway, U.S. Route 1/9, U.S. Route 22, and Route 21. Newark is connected to the Holland Tunnel and Lower Manhattan by the Pulaski Skyway, spanning both the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers, which was first constructed in 1938 and recently underwent a $900 million renovation project.^[442]

Local streets in Newark conform to a quasi-grid form, with major streets radiating outward (like spokes on a wheel) from the downtown area. Some major roads in the city are named after the towns to which they lead, including South Orange Avenue, Springfield Avenue, and Bloomfield Avenue, as well as Broadway, which had been renamed from Belleville Avenue.^[443]

In a city extensively served by mass transit, 44.2% of Newark residents did not have a car as of the 2000 Census, ranked second in the U.S. to New York City in the proportion of households without an automobile among cities with more than 250,000 people.^[444] According to the 2016 American Community Survey, the number of households without an automobile has decreased to 39.2%. The same year, the average Newark household owned .89 cars compared to a national average of 1.8 cars per household.^[445]

Public transportation

Penn Station in Newark is the seventh busiest rail station in the U.S.

Newark Penn Station, situated just east of downtown, is the city's major train station. It is served by the PATH's interurban Newark–World Trade Center line to Jersey City and Manhattan, three NJ Transit Rail Operations (NJT) commuter rail lines, and Amtrak intercity rail service. It was designed by McKim, Mead & White and completed in 1935. One mile north, the Newark Broad Street Station is served by two NJT commuter rail lines. The two train stations are linked by the Newark Light Rail system, which also provides services from Newark Penn Station to Newark's northern communities and into the neighboring towns of Belleville and Bloomfield. Built in the bed of the Morris Canal, the light rail cars run underground in Newark's downtown area. The city's third train station, Newark Liberty International Airport, connects the Northeast Corridor to the airport via AirTrain Newark.

Bus service in Newark is provided by NJ Transit.^[446] Newark is served by NJ Transit bus routes 1, 5, 11, 13, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 44, 59, 62, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 99, 107, 108, and 109. The 109 runs in North Newark. The 107 and 108 routes run to New York City. Bus route 319 is an express route to Atlantic City.^[447][448]

The go bus 25 and go bus 28 are bus rapid transit lines through the city to Irvington, Bloomfield and Newark Liberty International Airport.^[449][450]

Modal characteristics

According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 53.7% of working city of Newark residents commuted by driving alone, 9.3% carpooled, 27.3% used public transportation, and 6.5% walked. About 5% used all other forms of transportation, including taxicab, motorcycle, and bicycle. About 5.7% of working Newark residents worked at home.^[451]

Healthcare

Newark is home to five hospitals. University Hospital, an independent institution that is a teaching hospital of Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences,^[452] has been the busiest Level I trauma center in the state.^[453] Newark Beth Israel Medical Center is the largest hospital in the city and is a part of Barnabas Health, the state's largest system of hospital and health care facilities.^[454] Beth Israel is also one of the oldest hospitals in the city, dating back to 1901. This 669-bed regional facility is also home to the Children's Hospital of New Jersey. Catholic Health East operates Saint Michael's Medical Center. Columbus Hospital LTACH is a longterm acute care hospital designed to focus on patients with serious and complex medical conditions that require intense specialized treatment for an extended period of recovery time.^[455] Hospitals which have been closed in recent years include the Saint James Hospital, Mount Carmel Guild Hospital and the United Hospitals Medical Center.^{[456][457][458]}

In 2016, annual testing of the water in Newark's public schools revealed elevated lead levels; more than 30 schools shut off their water fountains and turned to bottled water. In August 2019 the crisis over lead contamination in drinking water resurfaced because of new warnings from federal environmental officials. It is believed that the contamination was caused by aging lead pipes and changes in the water supply that makes the water more corrosive, causing lead from the pipes to be spread to the water inside.^[459][460] In August 2019, New Jersey began supplying water bottles to Newark residents in certain designated neighborhoods.^[461] On August 26, 2019, Newark officials announced a $120 million plan to expedite replacing the city's lead service lines in under three years.^[462] The 29,000 families affected by the contaminated water were provided with filters and bottled water.^[463] After testing in September, it was found that the filters were successful in 97% of homes tested, though bottled water would still be made available to those who request it. Long term-plans include the replacement of lead service lines from the water supply to homes.^[464]

International relations

The Consulate-General of Ecuador in New Jersey is at 400 Market Street.^[465] The Consulate-General of Portugal in Newark is at the main floor of the Newark Legal Center at One Riverfront Plaza.^[466] The Consulate-General of Colombia is at 550 Broad Street.^[467] The Vice Consulate of Italy was at 1 Gateway Center, until it was closed in 2014 for economic reasons.^{[468][469][470]}

Pope John Paul II visited the city in 1995, at which time he elevated the city's cathedral to a basilica to become the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart.^[471] In 2011, the Dalai Lama was guest of honor at the Newark Peace Education Summit.^[472]

Twin towns—sister cities

Newark has 15 sister cities listed by Sister Cities International in 2022:^[473]

• Aveiro, Portugal
• Banjul, Gambia
• Belo Horizonte, Brazil
• Douala, Cameroon
• Freeport, Bahamas
• Ganja, Azerbaijan
• Governador Valadares, Brazil
• Kumasi, Ghana
• Monrovia, Liberia
• Porto Alegre, Brazil
• Reserva, Brazil
• Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Seia, Portugal
• Umuaka, Nigeria
• Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

Other sources list additional sister cities:

• Castlerea, Ireland^[474][475]
• Cuenca, Ecuador^[476]
• Kinshasa^[477]
• Loja Canton, Olmedo Canton, Loja, Alausi, Ecuador^[478]
• Macará, Ecuador^[479]
• Machala Ecuador^[480]
• Ribeira, Spain^[481]
• Quijos, Ecuador (a canton, not a municipality)^[482]

In March 2023, the city held an official ceremony with its sister city in the Hindu nation of Kailaasa. It was later reported that that nation did not actually exist.^[483][484]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Newark, New Jersey

See also

• New Jersey portal

• Halsey Street (Newark)
• List of mayors of Newark, New Jersey
• List of tallest buildings in Newark
• Municipal Council of Newark
• USS Newark, 5 ships

References

Footnotes

1. Erminio, Vanessa. "Gateway? Renaissance? A reviving city earns its nicknames" Archived April 20, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, December 8, 2005, updated April 2, 2019. Accessed November 5, 2019.
2. 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places Archived March 21, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
3. US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000 and 1990 Archived August 24, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
4. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 125.
5. About the Mayor, City of Newark. Accessed May 12, 2022.
6. 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory Archived March 11, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
7. Eric E. Pennington Archived October 7, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, City of Newark. Accessed March 21, 2023.
8. Office of the City Clerk Archived April 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, City of Newark. Accessed March 21, 2023.
9. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 21, 2024. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
10. "City of Newark". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
11. QuickFacts Newark city, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 11, 2022.
12. Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities Archived February 13, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
13. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 20,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2023 Population: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 Archived June 1, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau, released May 2024. Accessed May 30, 2024.
14. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 Archived May 24, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau, released May 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024.
15. Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021 Archived March 7, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 1, 2023.
16. Dickson, Paul. Labels for Locals: What to Call People from Abilene to Zimbabwe, p. 160. HarperCollins, 2006. ISBN 9780060881641. Accessed August 6, 2013.
17. ZIP codes for Newark, New Jersey Archived June 26, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, United States Postal Service. Accessed February 14, 2012.
18. Zip Codes Archived June 17, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 18, 2013.
19. Area Code Lookup – NPA NXX for Newark, NJ Archived January 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Area-Codes.com. Accessed September 11, 2014.
20. Area Codes for Newark, NJ Archived June 16, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Area-Codes.com. Accessed June 15, 2023.
21. U.S. Census website Archived December 27, 1996, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
22. Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey Archived November 19, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.
23. US Board on Geographic Names Archived February 2, 2001, at the Wayback Machine, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
24. Newark – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary Archived March 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Merriam-Webster. Accessed September 10, 2015.
25. Newark Archived April 30, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Dictionary Reference. Accessed September 10, 2015.
26. "US Census Urban Areas". US Census Urban Areas. US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
27. Table1. New Jersey Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships: 2020 and 2010 Censuses Archived February 13, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
28. New Jersey County Map Archived March 13, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed December 27, 2022.
29. History of Newark Liberty International Airport Archived June 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Accessed February 14, 2012.
30. Facts & Information Archived May 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Accessed February 14, 2012.
31. Sturken, Barbara. "Newark Airport Gains In International Travel" Archived December 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 11, 1990. Accessed June 25, 2012. "The oldest airport in the New York metropolitan region, Newark opened in 1928 on 68 acres (28 ha) of reclaimed swampland. It underwent a major overhaul in 1973, when an immense $400 million complex opened to replace an outmoded 20-year-old terminal."
32. Neighborhoods and Wards Archived June 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Community Economic Development Corporation. Accessed September 24, 2019.
33. Astudillo, Carla. "10 maps that show Newark's dramatic change since the riots" Archived April 10, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, July 14, 2017. Accessed April 10, 2024. "While Newark’s white population dramatically declined, the city’s black population expanded, especially in the Central, West and South wards.... The other big demographic change is the dramatic increase in the Hispanic population. The percent of Hispanics living in Newark more than doubled from 1970 to 2010. These residents mostly settled in the North and East wards."
34. Hartman, David; and Lewis, Barry. "History of Newark" Archived June 28, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, WNET. Accessed March 17, 2024. "In May of 1666, Puritan settlers led by Treat purchased the land directly from the Hackensack Indians for goods -- including gunpowder, one hundred bars of lead, twenty axes, twenty coats, guns, pistols, swords, kettles, blankets, knives, beer, and ten pairs of breeches -- valued at $750, a percentage of which was assessed upon every family that arrived in the new colony within the first year of its settlement."
35. 1666 - The Founding of Newark Archived March 17, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Descendants of Founders of New Jersey. Accessed March 17, 2024. "In 1666, Captain Robert Treat, after scouting several locations, successfully completed arrangements with Governor Carteret to settle a plantation on the Passaic River, in the northern section of what was known as the Elizabethtown purchase."
36. Miller, Andy. Puritans in Search of a New Haven: 1630–1668
37. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968 Archived May 30, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 130. Accessed May 30, 2024.
38. Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names Archived November 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 10, 2015.
39. Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 222. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 10, 2015.
40. Staff. "Newark on Trent Shows Interest in Newark, New Jersey", p. 123. Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society, Volume VI, 1921. Accessed September 10, 2015. "It seems to be understood that the name of Newark, New Jersey, is traceable to the influence of the first pastor of the settlement, Rev. Abraham Pierson, who was a native of Yorkshire, England, and is said to have probably ministered first to a church in Newark-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire."
41. Princeton Alumni Weekly vol. 78; The Puritans in America: a narrative anthology, by Andrew Delbanco, Alan Heimert
42. National Archives, Kew, England, T 1/65261-64; Bernard C. Steiner and James McHenry, The life and correspondence of James McHenry (Cleveland: Burrows Brothers Co., 1907)
43. Munn, David C. Battles and Skirmishes of the American Revolution in New Jersey, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Geology and Topography.
44. O'Dea, Colleen. "Newark Before the Comeback: A City Marked by White Flight, Poor Policy" Archived June 28, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Spotlight News, September 4, 2019. Accessed January 3, 2024. "It's unclear where people who left Newark after the war went — Hughes said some suggest many from Newark and its neighboring towns moved down to Ocean County. But the suburbs along the north and western edges of Essex County experienced tremendous growth during the period. From 1950 to 1970, the population more than doubled in Roseland and West Caldwell, and it more than tripled in Fairfield, Livingston and North Caldwell.... 'The riots certainly accelerated' white flight, Hughes said. It drove some of the whites who had remained in Newark out to the suburbs. While the exact timing of when people left is unknown, another 100,000 whites left Newark between 1960 and 1970, and the city lost more than 5 percent of its population, according to U.S. Census data.
45. Riche, Patrick. "Newark's Prudential Center: A Key Player in Newark's Re-Branding Efforts" Archived November 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Forbes, January 10, 2012. Accessed June 25, 2012. "Newark is currently undergoing a major revitalization. The Prudential Center, the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, The Newark Symphony, Riverfront Stadium and Red Bull Park in nearby Harrison and home to Major League Soccer's New York Red Bulls represent just part of the nearly $2 billion in construction underway."
46. Arena, John. Expelling Public Schools: How Antiracist Politics Enable School Privatization in Newark, p. 41. University of Minnesota Press, 2023. ISBN 9781452970042. Accessed January 3, 2024.
47. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – United States – Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area, in Principal City, Not in Principal City, and County; and for Puerto Rico Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today. United States Census Bureau American Fact Finder. Accessed June 4, 2012.
48. The Official Website of the City of Newark, NJ Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine 2005. Accessed May 28, 2012.
49. Report on the Social statistics of Cities, p. 708. United States Government Printing Office, 1886. Accessed September 24, 2019. "Newark lies in latitude 40° 44' north, longitude 74° 10' west from Greenwich on the Passaic river, 3 above Newark bay, and 9 miles west of New York by railroad, or 18 miles by water. The elevation of the part of the city is 30 feet above high water, the lowest point being the salt meadows, on a level with high water, and the highest point 230 feet above this."
50. A View of Mt. Prospect Archived April 13, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, NewarkHistory.com. Accessed June 25, 2012. "Of the upper class districts of Old Newark – High Street, Lincoln Park, Weequahic and Forest Hill – Forest Hill is the most famous and best preserved."
51. Erminio, Vinessa. "Gateway? Renaissance? A reviving city earns its nicknames" Archived October 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, December 8, 2005. Accessed June 25, 2012. "Newark also was known as the Gateway City about 1960. This may have been because of a statewide tourism campaign in which regions of the state were designated with names. Newark, Jersey City and the surrounding communities were called Gateway."
52. Areas touching Newark Archived March 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, MapIt. Accessed March 1, 2020.
53. Municipalities Archived April 20, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County, New Jersey Register of Deeds and Mortgages. Accessed March 1, 2020.
54. New Jersey Municipal Boundaries Archived December 4, 2003, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
55. Ueda, Reed. America's Changing Neighborhoods: An Exploration of Diversity through Places, p. 612. ABC-CLIO, 2017. ISBN 9781440828652. Accessed March 9, 2022. "Newark, located just 11 miles west of New York City, is New Jersey's largest and second-most racially diverse city."
56. Wards Archived May 13, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, City of Newark. Accessed October 7, 2019.
57. Living Here: Neighborhoods Archived October 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Brick City Development Corporation for Newark, New Jersey. Accessed June 25, 2012. "The city is divided into five wards, each with distinct neighborhoods. Residential neighborhoods exist primarily in the North, Central and West Wards, while industry is concentrated largely in the East and South Wards near the airport and seaport.... East Ward. The most densely populated section of Newark, the East Ward, is home of one of the largest Portuguese-speaking communities in the country."
58. Reock Jr., Ernest C. Redistricting New Jersey After the Census of 2010 Archived August 5, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, March 2008, pp. 7–9. Accessed September 10, 2015. "The law requires that wards be formed of compact and contiguous territory. The most precise requirement is that the population of the largest ward may not exceed the population of the smallest ward by more than 10% of the mean average population of the wards."
59. Staff. "'Obvious gerrymander,' Scrimmage says of plans" Archived January 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Afro-American, April 12, 1969. Accessed June 25, 2012.
60. Hernandez, Roger. "Hispanics Deserve a Slice of the Pie" Archived May 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Rocky Mountain News, May 31, 1991. Accessed June 25, 2012. "In Newark, New Jersey, Hispanic leaders are considering a lawsuit to reverse a decision that chops a heavily Hispanic ward among three legislative districts..."
61. Waggoner, Walter H. "Voting Boundaries Awaited in Essex" Archived July 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, November 27, 1977. Accessed June 25, 2012.
62. Central Ward, City of Newark, backed up by the Internet Archive as of November 9, 2012. Accessed August 30, 2015.
63. North Ward, City of Newark, backed up by the Internet Archive as of April 5, 2014. Accessed August 30, 2015.
64. West Ward, City of Newark, backed up by the Internet Archive as of June 23, 2014. Accessed August 30, 2015.
65. Strunsky, Steve. "Fatal shooting of West Ward pizza chef is latest 'tragic and senseless' Newark slaying" Archived March 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, March 4, 2012. Accessed August 30, 2015
66. South Ward, City of Newark, backed up by the Internet Archive as of April 5, 2014. Accessed August 30, 2015.
67. Ironbound Archived January 4, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Marriott. Accessed January 4, 2014.
68. Home Page, Ironbound Business Improvement District, backed up by the Internet Archive as of January 27, 2014. Accessed June 13, 2016.
69. Staff. "EPA Grant to Help Newark Community Target Environmental Problems" Archived May 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Environmental Protection Agency, March 11, 2010. Accessed June 25, 2012. "Ironbound Community Corporation is the largest comprehensive social service provider located in the East Ward of Newark, NJ. The community that will be served has a population of more than 50,000 people and is one of the most densely populated and diverse areas of the city."
70. East Ward, City of Newark, backed up by the Internet Archive as of June 27, 2014. Accessed August 30, 2015.
71. "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
72. 2015 Hardiness Zone Map Archived June 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Arbor Day Foundation. Accessed June 13, 2016/
73. "Station: Newark INTL AP, NJ". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
74. "Newark Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
75. "Newark, New Jersey, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
76. Compendium of censuses 1726–1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905 Archived February 26, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed August 6, 2013.
77. Wack, Henry Wellington. Official guide and manual of the 250th anniversary celebration of the founding of Newark, New Jersey, 1666–1916: The city of Newark, chief industrial center of New Jersey : historical, statistical and general review, together with numerous articles relating to the city and its celebration, Newark Sales and Advertising Co., 1916. Accessed June 25, 2012.
78. Bowen, Francis. American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1843 Archived July 15, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, p. 231, David H. Williams, 1842. Accessed August 6, 2013. Population for 1840 is listed as 17,303, which is 13 higher than the number shown in other sources.
79. Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, p. 245, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed August 6, 2013. "Newark is now the largest city in the state and is extensively engaged in manufacturing. The population in 1850 was 38,894; in 1860 71,941; and in 1870, 105,059. The city is divided into fourteen wards."
80. Debow, James Dunwoody Brownson. The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850, p. 138. R. Armstrong, 1853. Accessed August 6, 2013.
81. Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 259. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed August 6, 2013.
82. Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III – 51 to 75 Archived October 1, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, p. 98. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed August 6, 2013.
83. Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 336. Accessed June 25, 2012.
84. Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930 – Population Volume I Archived October 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau, p. 711. Accessed February 14, 2012.
85. Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000 Archived October 5, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.
86. Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Newark city, New Jersey Archived May 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 21, 2013.
87. DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 – Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Newark city, Essex County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 21, 2013.
88. DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Newark city, Essex County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 14, 2012.
89. Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Newark city Archived May 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed February 14, 2012.
90. The Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in New Jersey: 2000 and 2010 Archived January 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed May 12, 2017.
91. "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers New Jersey's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting" Archived February 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau, February 3, 2011. Accessed June 13, 2016.
92. Gaquin, Deirdre A.; Ryan, Mary Meghan. Places, Towns, and Townships 2012, p. xvii. Bernan Press, 2012. ISBN 9781598885330. Accessed August 6, 2013.
93. Table 27. Incorporated Places With 175,000 or More Inhabitants in 2010—Population: 1970 to 2010 Archived September 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 15, 2012.
94. Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 Archived June 2, 2022, at the Wayback Machine New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
95. 2010–2015 HUD Consolidated Plan & 2010–2011 Annual Action Plan Archived May 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine City of Newark, New Jersey. Accessed November 21, 2012. "The City of Newark has been the most populous city in New Jersey for many years, with a peak population of 442,337 reported in the 1930 Census. Since that peak, however, the City's population has declined as residents migrated to suburban areas."
96. Dolan, Thomas. "Newark and Its Gateway Complex – Part 2: Old Newark, New Newark" Archived April 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine The Newark Metro. Accessed April 7, 2015. "Even prior to the riots, Newark was on a steady decline as residents began to leave the city. 'White flight' from Newark to the suburbs, which started in the '40s and accelerated in the '60s, meant that an increasing number of people who worked in the city no longer lived there."
97. Burr, Ty. "Heart of Stone: Seeing the good one man can do" Archived May 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine The Boston Globe, October 22, 2009. Accessed February 15, 2012. "The twin forces of light at Weequahic are principal Ron Stone and the school's alumni association, the latter made up almost entirely of white middle-class Jews. Until the Newark riots and ensuing white flight crippled the neighborhood in the late 1960s, Weequahic was one of the country's finest schools..."
98. Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Newark city, Essex County, New Jersey^{[dead link]}, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 3, 2012.
99. HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE from the 2020 Census – Sample Data for Newark city, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 20, 2016.
100. Gibson, Campbell; and Jung, Kay. Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States Archived January 28, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau, February 2005. Accessed December 27, 2023.
101. "New Jersey: 1990" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 5, 2024. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
102. "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Newark city, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
103. "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Newark city, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
104. "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Newark city, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 28, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
105. "Newark: A Brief History: From Puritan stronghold to industrial mecca to 'Renaissance City,' Newark, New Jersey, one of the poorest cities in the US, has undergone a series of radical transformations." Archived November 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, PBS. Accessed April 7, 2015.
106. State & County QuickFacts for Newark (city), New Jersey Archived March 13, 2005, at the Wayback Machine United States Census Bureau. Accessed April 7, 2015.
107. Gillespie, Andra; Perry, Ravi K. (editor). "Chapter 3 – Beyond Booker: Assessing the Prospects of Black and Latino Mayoral Contenders in Newark, New Jersey" Archived June 28, 2024, at the Wayback Machine in 21st Century Urban Race Politics: Representing Minorities as Universal Interests, p. 33. Emerald Group Publishing, 2013. ISBN 9781781901847. Accessed April 7, 2015.
108. Gillespie, Andra. The New Black Politician: Cory Booker, Newark, and Post-Racial America Archived June 28, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, New York University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0814732441. Accessed June 13, 2016.
109. Giambusso, David. "With Newark council president vote, Ras Baraka could win Latino support" Archived December 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, September 22, 2013. Accessed June 13, 2016.
110. Wharton, Jonathon L. A Post-Racial Change Is Gonna Come Newark, Cory Booker, and the Transformation of Urban America Archived June 28, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Springer Publishing, 2013. ISBN 9781137277725. Accessed June 13, 2016.
111. "2018 ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates". data.census.gov. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
112. QT-P9 – Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2000 from the Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Newark city, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 21, 2013.
113. QT-P13 – Ancestry: 2000 from the Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) – Sample Data for Newark city, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 21, 2013.
114. Cohn, D'Vera. "In Newark, a High-Stakes Push to Improve the Census; Overlooked Residents Cost City Dearly in '90s" Archived May 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, March 25, 2000. Accessed June 14, 2016. "Census estimates show that Newark's population has leveled off at 267,000 after dropping for decades. Newark officials, including Campana, the city's assistant business manager and chief census technocrat, insist there are more than 300,000 people here."
115. Mascarenhas, Rohan. "Census Bureau makes final push for N.J. residents to submit forms" Archived November 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, April 15, 2010. Accessed September 13, 2011.
116. "The Vanishing of the First Ward, Newark's Original Little Italy". September 7, 2020. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
117. "Newark, New Jersey Religion". www.bestplaces.net. Archived from the original on March 28, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
118. "Find A Church – ABCUSA". Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
119. "Search – Find A Church". The United Methodist Church. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
120. Church, A. M. E. "Find a Church". AME Church. Archived from the original on April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
121. Church (U.S.A.), Presbyterian (April 8, 2020). "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) – Resources". www.pcusa.org. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
122. "Church Directory". PCA Administrative Committee. Archived from the original on February 9, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
123. "Find a Church". ag.org. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
124. "Parishes". www.goarch.org. Archived from the original on April 3, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
125. "Parishes – New Jersey". www.oca.org. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
126. "Find a Meeting". apps.jw.org. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
127. "Find Churches Near Me, Church Directory". United Church of Christ. Archived from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
128. Mitter, Siddhartha. "In the battle for Newark, fears of becoming the next Detroit; Two visions of a city's turnaround clash in a heated election" Archived January 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Al Jazeera America, May 6, 2014. Accessed September 10, 2015. "An estimated 100,000 people commute to Newark each day, many to universities and county offices excluded from the city's property tax base."
129. Newark Data Book Archived November 1, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Newark Regional Business Partnership. Accessed September 10, 2015.
130. Delgado, Samuel A. "Newark could be a real college town" Archived December 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, February 3, 2012. Accessed April 7, 2015. "With 60,000 students and faculty at six colleges and universities, Newark has the fifth-highest concentration of higher education on the East Coast, after Boston, New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C."
131. Newark The Living Downtown Development Plan Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine City of Newark, 2008. Accessed May 10, 2016. "Downtown Newark is the largest downtown in the state of New Jersey. Its assets include nearly 50,000 office workers, the headquarters of five major corporations, five university campuses with nearly 50,000 students and faculty, two hospital campuses, one of the best public transit systems in the nation among mid-sized cities, and important sports, cultural, and entertainment destinations...In 2000, the daytime population of Newark was estimated at over 330,000, including a workforce of 47,000 people within one half-mile of the intersection of Broad and Market Streets, Newark's legendary Four Corners."
132. U.S. Port Ranking By Cargo Volume Archived June 13, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, American Association of Port Authorities, 2013. Accessed May 23, 2015.
133. U.S. International Air Passenger and Freight Statistics, December 2014 Archived December 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, United States Department of Transportation International Aviation Developments Series. Accessed June 13, 2016.
134. Mistry, Nisha. "Newark's Manufacturing Competitiveness: Findings and Strategies" Archived June 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Brookings Institution, May 28, 2013. Accessed April 7, 2015.
135. Morley, Hugh R. "Anheuser-Busch announces 60 NJ jobs cuts" Archived August 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Record, January 20, 2015. Accessed June 14, 2016. "A company spokesman declined to say how many employees work at the plant, which was opened in 1951 and makes Budweiser, Bud Light and other company brands. In 2007, there were 800 workers at the brewery, which at that time shipped 7.5 million barrels of beer annually."
136. Newark Data Book Archived December 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Newark Regional Business Partnership. Accessed June 25, 2012.
137. Luxenberg, Stan. "Developers Rediscover Newark" Archived October 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine National Real Estate Investor, May 18, 2011. Accessed August 15, 2012. "Downtown Newark accounts for 50,000 jobs. The city is the third largest insurance center in the U.S. after New York City and Hartford, Conn."
138. Burd, Joshua. "To see Newark rebirth, look up; As big names plan high rises in city, real estate firms see rising demand" Archived December 18, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, NJBiz, August 13, 2012. Accessed June 13, 2016.
139. About Newark Archived September 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Newark Regional Business Partnership. Accessed June 25, 2012.
140. Verdon, Joan. "Manischewitz calls Newark a key ingredient in its growth plan" Archived May 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Herald News, June 15, 2011. Accessed March 31, 2012. "Newark landed the new corporate headquarters of The Manischewitz Co., executives said Tuesday, because city officials provided one crucial ingredient – they moved quickly to solve problems."
141. Giambusso, David. "Cory Booker's legacy in Newark under spotlight as he looks to Senate" Archived December 18, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, October 6, 2013. Accessed April 7, 2015.
142. Zernike, Kate. "Promise vs. Reality in Newark on Mayor's Watch" Archived February 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 13, 2012. Accessed June 13, 2016.
143. Zezima, Katie. "Bound for DC, Booker leaves mixed legacy in Newark" Archived December 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Trentonian, October 18, 2013. Accessed June 13, 2016.
144. Staff. "When Cory's gone" Archived August 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The Economist, August 14, 2013. Accessed June 13, 2016.
145. Bradley, Bill. "Is Cory Booker Really the People's Choice?" Archived June 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Next City, September 13, 2013. Accessed June 13, 2016.
146. Rose, Joel. "Cory Booker: Supermayor Or Self-Promoter?" Archived February 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, National Public Radio, August 6, 2013. Accessed June 13, 2016.
147. Wilwohl, Joshua. "Report: Newarkers Among New Jersey's Poorest" Archived November 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Patch, September 26, 2011. Accessed May 10, 2016. "U.S. Census Bureau statistics reveal there are 79,243 people living in poverty in the city of Newark. Those numbers, which were part of the census' American Community Survey released last Thursday, mean roughly one in three residents of New Jersey's largest city are poor."
148. Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers Archived December 27, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "The Urban Enterprise Zone Program (UEZ) was enacted in 1983. It authorized the designation of ten zones by the New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zone Authority: Camden, Newark, Bridgeton, Trenton, Plainfield, Elizabeth, Jersey City, Kearny, Orange and Millville/Vineland (joint zone)."
149. Urban Enterprise Zone Program Archived July 21, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed October 27, 2019. "Businesses participating in the UEZ Program can charge half the standard sales tax rate on certain purchases, currently 3.3125% effective 1/1/2018"
150. Urban Enterprise Zone Effective and Expiration Dates Archived September 23, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed January 8, 2018.
151. Racioppi, Dustin. "Christie vetoes urban enterprise zone extension" Archived March 30, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The Record, February 10, 2017. Accessed November 19, 2019. "Gov. Chris Christie on Friday conditionally vetoed the Legislature's attempt to extend the Urban Enterprise Zone status for its five charter communities, calling the economic revitalization program an 'abject failure' with a 'devastating impact' on state revenue.... The Legislature returned with what it called a compromise bill, A-4189, to extend the designation for two years instead of 10 for the first five UEZs – Bridgeton, Camden, Newark, Plainfield and Trenton – which expired on Jan. 1."
152. "Notice: Law Reinstates Five Urban Enterprise Zones And Also Extends The Expiration Date Of 12 Other UEZs" Archived September 23, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of the Treasury Division of Taxation, May 30, 2018. Accessed November 19, 2019. "On May 30, 2018, Governor Murphy signed Senate Bill 846 (A3549). The law reinstated five expired Urban Enterprise Zones (UEZs). If your business is located in one of these zones, you may file an application to establish qualified business status. (Past certifications are no longer valid in these five zones). The five UEZs are in: *Bridgeton *Camden *Newark *Plainfield *Trenton. The UEZs in the five locations listed above expire on December 31, 2023."
153. "Incentive Programs – Urban Transit Hub Tax Credit Program" Archived April 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Economic Development Authority. Accessed April 7, 2015.
154. Essex County: Newark – Urban Transit Hub Tax Credits Archived December 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Economic Development Authority. Accessed April 7, 2015.
155. "Startup Ecosystems Are Everywhere". Business Facilities (September/October 2021). October 14, 2021. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
156. De Poto, Tom (September 17, 2013). "Christie cuts ribbon on Panasonic's new headquarters in Newark, salutes bipartisanship". Archived from the original on February 13, 2019. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
157. "New Jersey's 'Brick City' just broke ground on the world's largest vertical farm". Business Insider. July 10, 2015. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
158. Cherelus, Gina (June 28, 2016). "Indoor farming gives former New Jersey arena new lease on life". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
159. "2019 – The World's Most Innovative Companies". Fast Company. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
160. Morris, Keiko (February 28, 2017). "FinTech Firm Broadridge Financial Moving to Booming Newark, N.J." The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
161. "WebMD Bringing Up To 700 Employees To New Jersey". Business Facilities. April 19, 2021. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
162. Lapowsky, Issie (January 19, 2018). "What's at Stake With Amazon's New HQ? Ask Newark". WIRED. Archived from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
163. Burd, Joshua (July 27, 2015). "The story behind the infrastructure Newark's transformation to a fertile fiber optic hub was decades in the making". NJBIZ. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
164. Barnes, Tom (June 18, 2004). "Retrofitted Newark store is a model for Lazarus makeover". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
165. "165 Halsey Street Data Center, New Jersey". Center for Land Use Interpretation. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
166. Szkutak, Rebecca (October 11, 2021). "Newark Venture Partners Raises $85 Million And Adds A New Managing Partner". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
167. Winther, Garrett (September 16, 2021). "HAX announces new US Headquarters in Newark, New Jersey" (Press release). HAX. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
168. Kadosh, Matt. "Newark 'Retail Reactivation' Grants Aim to Lure Businesses Downtown" Archived January 19, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, TAPinto Newark, September 9, 2023. Accessed December 23, 2023. "Entrepreneurs looking to locate in the downtown Newark area bordered by Broad Street and Washington Street between Washington Place and William Street may have some extra incentive."
169. "New program can fund up to 90% of projects for businesses moving to downtown Newark". Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
170. "Newark launches program to activate vacant retail space in downtown commercial district". September 7, 2023. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
171. Lipton, Eric. "New York Port Hums Again, With Asian Trade" Archived May 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, November 22, 2004. Accessed September 13, 2011. "New York is not the only seaport lifted by the tide of Asian imports. No one expects it to regain its status as the world's busiest container port – a title it held until 1985 – or the nation's. Today it is ranked 15th in the world, 3rd in the United States."
172. Terminal Improvements Archived September 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Accessed September 13, 2011.
173. 2018 Property Tax Information Archived November 8, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated January 16, 2019. Accessed November 7, 2019.
174. Marcus, Samantha. "These are the towns with the lowest property taxes in each of N.J.'s 21 counties" Archived November 7, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, April 30, 2019. Accessed November 7, 2019. "New Jersey's average property tax bill may have hit $8,767 last year — a new record — but taxpayers in some parts of the state pay just a fraction of that.... The average property tax bill in Newark was $6,481 in 2018, the lowest in Essex County."
175. Baglivo, Vince. "South Orange synagogue supports Greater Newark Conservancy renovation of historic Prince Street synagogue" Archived July 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, October 26, 2010. Accessed June 25, 2012. "Built and dedicated by Oheb Shalom in 1884, the building is the second oldest synagogue structure in New Jersey and one of the 35 oldest buildings, originally built as synagogues and still standing, in the United States."
176. Ahearn, James. "Opinion: Mission accomplished, NJPAC chief moves on" Archived April 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Record, October 26, 2010. Accessed April 7, 2015. "The first project, on a 1.2-acre lot across the street from the center, is conceived as a high-rise, multi-use tower, which at 44 stories would be the tallest building in the city.... The sixth-largest performing arts center in the country, home to the increasingly respected New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, NJPAC attracts more than 400,000 patrons annually."
177. About Archived June 29, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Symphony Hall. Accessed June 13, 2016. "Newark Symphony Hall enjoys a long and rich cultural history as New Jersey's oldest and largest showcase for the arts, education and entertainment programming. This multi-facility edifice was built by the Shriners, a Masonic order, in 1925 and known as the Salaam Temple."
178. McGlone, Peggy. "Historic music hall has brighter days ahead" Archived April 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 24, 2007. Accessed June 26, 2012.
179. "2014 Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry Festival To Be Held October 23–26 At New Jersey Performing Arts Center And Newark's Downtown Arts District" Archived June 24, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Performing Arts Center, April 22, 2014. Accessed June 13, 2016.
180. Sanneh, Kelefa. "A Brand-New Arena and a Not-So-New Rock Star", The New York Times, October 27, 2007. Accessed June 26, 2012. "And to celebrate the grand opening, the center – which may or may not come to be known by its publicist-approved nickname, the Rock – booked New Jersey's most indefatigable rock band, Bon Jovi, to play a 10-night stand."
181. "Where is house music at home? Check out 7 destinations rich in Black house history". June 25, 2023. Archived from the original on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
182. The Newark Sound Archived May 4, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Newest Americans. Accessed June 11, 2018.
183. "Jersey club: From Newark to the world" Archived August 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Resident Advisor. Accessed June 11, 2018.
184. History of Queer Club Spaces in Newark Archived June 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Queer Newark Oral History Project, Rutgers University. Accessed June 11, 2018.
185. Saxelby, Ruth. "The Sky's The Limit: An Oral History of Jersey Club DJ Sliink, UNiiQU3, DJ Tameil and more on the rise of the Downtown Newark sound." Archived August 9, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Fader, June 12, 2014. Accessed September 24, 2019. "Jersey Club was originally named Brick City Club Music. It branched from Baltimore Club music and was created and established in 1999–2000. The name changed to Jersey Club because when newer producers started to produce these tracks they weren't all from Newark."
186. Carter, Barry (November 6, 2019). "After 110 years, N.J.'s largest museum has a brand new name". NJ.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
187. "Library Locations – Newark Public Library". npl.org. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
188. Collection Development Policy Adopted by the Board of Trustees September 24, 1997 Archived July 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Newark Public Library. Accessed June 26, 2012. "The Library system includes the Main Library, eight community branches, and two storefront facilities.... The Library's collection numbers 1.4 million cataloged volumes and nearly half a million titles. The collection includes books, compact discs, video and audio tapes."
189. "Calendar – Newark Public Library". npl.org. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
190. History of the Institute of Jazz Studies Archived October 31, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers-Newark. Accessed September 10, 2015. "In 1984, the Institute became part of the Rutgers University Libraries and formally affiliated with the Dana Library at Rutgers – Newark."
191. About IJS Archived June 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Institute of Jazz Studies. Accessed June 14, 2016.
192. Jewish Museum of NJ Archived June 10, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Jewish Museum of New Jersey. Accessed May 30, 2023.
193. History Archived November 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Congregation Ahavas Sholom. Accessed November 5, 2019.
194. Koening, Leah. "The Last Synagogue In Newark, a small congregation strives to maintain its historic presence." Archived November 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Monthly, August 16, 2010. Accessed November 5, 2019.
195. Levinson, Jay. "This City is Just Memories" Archived August 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Jewish magazine. Accessed June 28, 2012. "The Jewish community of Newark, New Jersey is a page in history. The era of some 50 synagogues and 70,000 Jewish residents in the city during the 1950s is long over. Today there is just one remaining synagogue building which is owned by Jews, and it operates only on Shabbat."
196. Frankston, Janet via Associated Press. "Newark's Jewish Heritage Tours Visit Last Traces of Vanished Community." Archived July 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Sun Sentinel, July 28, 2006. Accessed June 28, 2012. "During its heyday, from the 1920s to the 1950s, between 65,000 and 80,000 Jews lived in New Jersey's largest city."
197. About Archived September 29, 2023, at the Wayback Machine Paul Robeson Galleries. Accessed November 5, 2019.
198. Museums & Galleries Archived September 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Happening. Accessed September 10, 2015
199. Carter, Barry. "Murals bring vibrant colors, culture to Newark neighborhoods" Archived January 6, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, June 24, 2016. Accessed January 7, 2018. "Murals are not new to Newark. There are at least 40 scattered throughout the city's five wards in the program that started seven years ago.But Mayor Ras Baraka's administration made a push this past year to target neglected neighborhood corridors with an infusion of art as the anchor for economic growth and social transformation."
200. Portraits 360° VR Tour Archived April 27, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Gateways to Newark. Accessed June 11, 2018.
201. "Creation of longest mural on the East Coast kicked off in Newark" Archived June 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Brick City Live, May 13, 2016. Accessed June 11, 2018.
202. Mazzola, Jessica. "N.J. is now home to 2nd longest mural in the U.S." Archived August 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 27, 2016. Accessed June 11, 2018. "Stretching 1.39 miles on the walls underneath the Amtrak train tracks along Route 21, the newly-painted mural is about the length of 25 football fields, city officials said in a recent announcement. It is the longest continuous mural on the East Coast, and the second longest in the U.S., city officials confirmed. The 'Portraits' mural, part of the larger 'Gateways to Newark' beautification effort, was painted by 17 different artists."
203. Open Doors Archived January 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Newark Arts Council. Accessed September 10, 2015.
204. Lincoln Park Music Festival Archived May 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Arts Council. Accessed September 10, 2015.
205. Yi, Karen. "Newark's Afro Beat Fest brings history, culture" Archived April 27, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, July 16, 2017. Accessed June 11, 2018.
206. "NJPAC Announces the 2017 TD James Moody Jazz Festival Line-Up" Archived June 28, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Broadway World, June 12, 2017. Accessed June 11, 2018.
207. "Weequahic Park House Music Festival". NewJerseyStage.com. August 19, 2022. Archived from the original on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
208. Newark Black Film Festival Archived October 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Museum. Accessed June 13, 2016. "Since its inception in 1974, the Newark Black Film Festival (NBFF) has become known among its peers as the longest running black film festival in the United States."
209. Sobko, Katie. "Halsey, Demi Lovato coming to music and tech event North to Shore Jersey Festival" Archived March 13, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, The Record, March 13, 2023. Accessed March 13, 2023. "The North to Shore Jersey Festival will be a music and technology event taking place over the course of three consecutive weekends at three cities across the state. Events will happen in Atlantic City from June 7 to 11, in Asbury Park from June 14 to 18, and in Newark from June 21 to 25. There will be a variety of entertainment events, including concerts, comedy shows and movies, as well as presentations from tech and business entrepreneurs."
210. Military Park Map Archived April 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Military Park Partnership. Accessed June 11, 2018.
211. "Businessman Leaves Lasting Reminders of Leaders and Heroes". Newark Public Library. September 4, 1997. Archived from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
212. Craig, Lauren. 100 Things to Do in Newark Before You Die Archived June 28, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, p. 109. Reedy Press, 2017. ISBN 9781681060941. Accessed June 11, 2018.
213. Riverfront Park Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
214. Essex County Riverfront Park, Google Maps. Accessed June 11, 2018.
215. Newark Waterfront Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Happening. Accessed June 11, 2018.
216. Joseph G. Minish Passaic River Waterfront Park and Historic Area Archived June 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, United States Army Corps of Engineers. Accessed June 11, 2018. "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District, is partnered with the State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and City of Newark to construct the Minish Park Project which will reduce riverbank erosion and lay the foundation for waterfront park development and return of public access to the Passaic River in Newark, NJ. Phase I of the project includes 6,000 linear feet of bulkhead construction, and 3,200 linear feet of riverbank grading and native plantings."
217. Minish Park, Google Maps. Accessed June 11, 2018.
218. Strunsky, Steve. "Opening of weeklong Cherry Blossom Festival in Newark was sunny and pink" Archived February 13, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, April 2, 2022, updated February 16, 2023. Accessed February 12, 2024. "Newark’s pinkish rite of Spring was blessed with blue skies and sunshine Saturday, the opening day of the annual Cherry Blossom Festival at Branch Brook Park. The free festival, which will last through April 10, is timed to showcase what is said to be largest collection of cherry blossom trees in North America, a gem of the Essex County park system that includes a variety of species blooming in March and April in colors ranging from a light pink to deep fuchsia."
219. Mazzola, Jessica. "Newark park adding 1,000 more trees to nation's largest collection of cherry blossoms" Archived April 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, March 25, 2015. Accessed August 30, 2015.
220. Staff. "Student scientists track nation's largest collection of cherry blossom trees at Essex County park" Archived October 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, August 13, 2010. Accessed September 11, 2014.
221. Hinds, Kate. "Look | Cherry Blossom Trees Flourish in Newark" Archived August 5, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, WNYC, March 25, 2012. Accessed September 11, 2014.
222. Scarantino, Drew Anne. "In Full Bloom" Archived November 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine New Jersey Monthly, March 14, 2011. Accessed September 11, 2014.
223. Branch Brook Park Archived April 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
224. Independence Park Archived April 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
225. Independence Park, Google Maps. Accessed June 11, 2018.
226. Independence Park Archived June 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Newark History. Accessed June 11, 2018.
227. Ivy Park includes hard surface tennis courts, softball/baseball fields, a combination football/soccer field, a lighted basketball court, a playground, a shelter and a band concert area.
228. Ivy Hill Park Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
229. Vailsburg Park Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
230. Riverbank Park Archived April 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
231. Riverbank Park, Google Maps. Accessed June 11, 2018.
232. Veterans Memorial Park Archived April 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
233. Forgosh, Linda B. (2008). Jews of Weequahic. Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. ISBN 978-0-7385-5763-2. LCCN 2007935344. OCLC 212842952. Archived from the original on May 12, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
234. "The Olmsted Firm and Weequahic Park" (PDF). Field Notes. 20 (2): 3–6. Fall 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
235. Weequahic Park Sport Authority Archived June 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
236. Weequahic Park Archived April 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
237. West Side Park Archived June 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
238. West Side Park, Google Maps. Accessed June 11, 2018.
239. "Jesse Allen Park Ribbon Cutting Ceremony". November 4, 2022. Archived from the original on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
240. Staff. "Newark receives federal grant to complete Jessie Allen Park" Archived June 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, TAP into Newark, July 24, 2017. Accessed June 11, 2018. "Newark has received a $750,000 federal grant from the National Park Service to build the final phase of Jesse Allen Park in Newark's Central Ward that will replace the existing baseball, football, and soccer fields with a synthetic three-season turf."
241. Judith L. Shipley Urban Environmental Center Archived December 3, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Greater Newark Conservancy. Accessed June 11, 2018.
242. Judith L. Shipley Urban Environmental Center, Google Maps. Accessed June 11, 2018.
243. Prudential Outdoor Learning Center Archived June 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Greater Newark Conservancy. Accessed June 11, 2018.
244. Prudential Outdoor Learning Center, Google Maps. Accessed June 11, 2018.
245. Mulberry Commons Archived June 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Downtown District. Accessed June 11, 2018.
246. Nat Turner Park Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The Trust for Public Land. Accessed June 11, 2018.
247. "Cards: Recreation Centers". www.newarknj.gov. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
248. Weequahic Golf Course Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. Accessed June 11, 2018.
249. "Ginella discovers hidden gem Weequahic". Golf Channel. July 30, 2016. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
250. "Golfer Of The Week: Wiley Williams" Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, African American Golfer's Digest. Accessed June 11, 2018. "Wiley Williams is a Weequahic Golf Course legend and outstanding New Jersey golf Pro. At Weequahic, the oldest public golf course in the state of New Jersey, Wiley almost single handedly put this course on the map with his stellar golf game and sharp ball striking skills."
251. Kiefer, Eric. "Newark Golf Legend Inspires Community: 'No Tiger Without Wiley' 'There would be no Tiger Woods if there wasn't Wiley Williams,' an Essex County Freeholder said." Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Patch, August 9, 2017. Accessed June 11, 2018.
252. Jesse Allen Skateboard Park, Google Maps. Accessed June 11, 2018.
253. Gale, Dennis E. Greater New Jersey: Living in the Shadow of Gotham Archived June 28, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. ISBN 9780812219579. Accessed May 10, 2016.
254. Sherman, Ted. "Newark headquarters of Star-Ledger sold to New York real estate development firm" Archived September 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, July 24, 2014. Accessed September 10, 2015. "The Star-Ledger has sold its long-time home in Newark, where the state's largest daily newspaper was headquartered for nearly 50 years, according to publisher Richard Vezza. The company would not disclose a sale price for the 177,000-square-foot building – many of the offices already vacant because of layoffs, attrition and the move of some operations to new offices in Woodbridge and Secaucus."
255. Home Page Archived April 3, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, TAP into Newark. Accessed June 11, 2018.
256. Home Page Archived April 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Patch. Accessed August 14, 2017.
257. "About Us". Local Talk. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024.
258. "The Newarker – History, Culture, Politics and Society". Newarkermag.com. October 3, 2019. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
259. Home Page Archived February 25, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Times. Accessed February 11, 2021.
260. The Newark Metro Archived June 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Rutgers–Newark. Accessed June 11, 2018.
261. News Page Archived February 8, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, rlsmedia.com. Accessed February 11, 2021.
262. City of Newark Archived April 21, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Twitter. Accessed June 11, 2018.
263. Home Page Archived June 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, 165 Halsey Street. Accessed June 13, 2016.
264. Radio Stations in Newark, New Jersey Archived April 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Radio-Locator. Accessed September 10, 2015.
265. Colburn, Robert. "Your Engineering Heritage: Newark's Past and Future as a High-Technology Center" Archived October 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine IEEE, December 15, 2015. Accessed October 21, 2016. "Large-scale field trials of semiautomatic telephone switching were another Newark high-tech advance. Two switching offices, Mulberry (3,640 lines) and Waverly (6,480 lines), went into commercial service on 16 January 1915 and 12 June 1915, respectively."
266. Western Electric, The Last Panel Office, WE Magazine 1983 No. 1, page 22
267. Model, Eric. "Remembering Channel 13—New Jersey's first television station" Archived September 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine NewJerseyNewsroom.com, August 8, 2011. Accessed September 11, 2014. "Initially the station was known as WATV, and was a commercial television station owned by Atlantic Television, a subsidiary of Bremer Broadcasting Corporation. It started broadcasting on May 15, 1948 on Channel 13. Bremer also owned two northern New Jersey radio stations, WAAT (970 AM, now WNYM) and WAAT-FM (94.7 MHz, now WNSH). The three stations were in the Mosque Theater at 1020 Broad Street in Newark."
268. "Rutgers-Newark Small Business Development Center honors Frederick A. Morton Jr. of TEMPO TV" Archived September 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers Business School – Newark and New Brunswick, October 20, 2011. Accessed August 30, 2015. "TEMPO currently broadcast in 24 Caribbean islands, with approximately 3.5M viewers throughout the Caribbean and is based in Newark, New Jersey."
269. The City of Newark's Government Access Channel Archived April 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine City of Newark. Accessed May 10, 2016.
270. Ortega, Ralph R. "Newark launches its own digital TV channel" Archived September 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, January 25, 2009. Accessed May 10, 2016.
271. Staff. "EDA approves $37M Urban Transit Hub grant to Cablevision" Archived September 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, NJBiz, June 12, 2012. Accessed May 10, 2016.
272. [http://newarkiff.com/about-us Archived September 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine About Us[, Newark International Film Festival. Accessed July 26, 2023.
273. Currently Filming In New Jersey Archived September 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed June 13, 2016.
274. Getto, Erica. "Booker Creates Newark Office of Film and Television", WNYC, August 4, 2011, backed up by the Internet Archive as of April 19, 2013. Accessed June 13, 2016.
275. Honan, Edith. "Newark's Film Hopes Snag on State Budget Fight", Backstage, March 14, 2011. Accessed June 13, 2016.
276. Kannapell, Andrea. "City Life; Giving Away a Film's Ending: It's Not Happy" Archived August 13, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 13, 1998. Accessed January 19, 2012. "And the backdrop to these unhappy lives, the Ironbound – a residential and industrial section outlined in Newark's southeast corner by various train lines – emerges as a vicious trap of a neighborhood, a painful counterpoint to downtown Newark's spreading veneer of investment and municipal energy."
277. Quinn, Zachary. "Analysis of New Jersey Drive" Archived February 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, University of Minnesota Duluth. Accessed January 19, 2012. "The story takes place in Newark, New Jersey, the car theft capital of the world. And in this urban setting we find the young African American teens involved in stealing cars and dodging police in what can be described as empty lives, no goals, no focus and no direction. The only thing that these young men are interested in is the ride."
278. About the series Brick City Archived January 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Sundance Channel. Accessed January 19, 2012.
279. The Once and Future Newark Archived September 17, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University, November 29, 2013. Accessed May 10, 2016.
280. via Associated Press. "'The Sopranos' draws stargazers in Newark" Archived May 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, February 6, 2006. Accessed June 13, 2016.
281. Kuperinsky, Amy. "Sopranos prequel movie The Many Saints of Newark in the works" Archived August 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, March 8, 2018. Accessed June 11, 2018.
282. Koehler, Robert. "Heart of Stone" Archived June 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Variety, January 28, 2009. Accessed June 11, 2018.
283. Kuperinsky, Amy (December 27, 2022). "'The Short and Tragic Life of Robert Peace' movie filming in Newark with Chiwetel Ejiofor". NJ.com. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
284. McGlone, Peggy. "America's Got Talent to film at NJPAC in Newark" Archived July 31, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, April 8, 2012. Accessed May 10, 2016.
285. Fry, Chris (October 24, 2023). "Union City Building Where Madonna Filmed 'Bloodhounds of Broadway' Hits the Market". Jersey Digs. Archived from the original on October 27, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
286. Klefer, Eric. "Which Scenes From Joker Movie Were Shot In Newark? (VIDEOS); Joker, the newest addition to the Batman franchise, has footage shot in Newark, New Jersey. Watch the trailer here." Archived April 10, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Patch, April 3, 2019. Accessed September 24, 2019.
287. "Bros, The Greatest Beer Run in History, and Smile - All Filmed In Jersey" Archived December 8, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Stage, September 28, 2022. Accessed December 8, 2023.
288. Kausch, Katie. "These 15 movies were filmed, produced in N.J. towns last year. See if yours made the list." Archived August 7, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for Nj.com, August 7, 2022. Accessed December 8, 2023. "'‘The Greatest Beer Run Ever Filming location(s): Jersey City; Newark; Paterson"
289. Home Page Archived August 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Ironbound Film and Television Studios. Accessed June 13, 2016.
290. Tully, Tracey (May 17, 2022). "$100 Million Film Studio to Rise From Rubble of Ex-Public Housing Site – The New York Times". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
291. Jill Goldsmith (May 17, 2022). "Lionsgate, Robert Halmi's Great Point Building New Studio In Newark NJ – Deadline". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
292. "Hollywood on Newark Bay? Officials say Lionsgate film & TV studio is coming to Brick City". nj.com. May 17, 2022. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
293. "City Was at the Center of Movie Industry, Grand Entertainment". knowingnewark.npl.org. Newark Public Library. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
294. "City Was at the Center of Movie Industry, Grand Entertainment". knowingnewark.npl.org. The Newark Public Library. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
295. "The Newark Paramount Theatre" Archived October 26, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, After the Final Curtain, September 28, 2011. Accessed February 6, 2024. "The Paramount Theatre opened on October 11, 1886 as H.C. Miner’s Newark Theatre. It was originally a vaudeville house managed by Hyde & Behman Amusement Co., a Brooklyn based theater Management Company.... The Paramount Theatre closed on March 31, 1986 due to an increase in insurance rates. This increase also led to the closing of the nearby Adams Theatre."
296. "Mission & History". www.njpac.org. NJPAC. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
297. About Archived February 6, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Symphony Hall. Accessed February 6, 2024. "Born as the Salaam Temple in 1925, Newark Symphony Hall has been the home of almost a century of arts and culture in what is now New Jersey’s oldest and largest arts and entertainment venue."
298. Petrecca, Laura. "Super Bowl 2014: New Jersey out in the cold?" Archived October 13, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, December 9, 2013. Accessed May 10, 2016.
299. Tuttle, Brad R. How Newark Became Newark: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of an American City Archived June 28, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780813544908. Accessed May 10, 2016.
300. Staff. "Prudential Center Opens Doors For First Devils Hockey Game" Archived August 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Sports Business Daily, October 29, 2007. Accessed June 14, 2016.
301. Resident Life Archived June 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Medical School. Accessed June 14, 2016.
302. Hague, Jim. "Ridiculous auction last sad chapter for Newark Bears" Archived August 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Observer Online, April 30, 2014. Accessed June 14, 2016. "After all, it was the kind of Saturday in April where baseball was played at the ballpark every year since 1999, when the Newark Bears rose from the ashes of an era long gone and brought professional baseball back to the Brick City for the first time in almost 50 full years. Sure, Rutgers-Newark and NJIT have also called Riverfront Stadium home since the $34 million facility was opened 15 years ago."
303. Ivers, Dan. "Former Newark Bears stadium sold to NYC developer for $23M" Archived November 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, March 20, 2016. Accessed November 20, 2016. "The former home of the Newark Bears minor league baseball team – left to languish along Broad Street since the hard-luck franchise folded in 2013 – has been sold to a New York-based developer for $23.5 million.The site at the corner of Broad Street and Orange Street has been sold to the Lotus Equity Group, city officials confirmed this week. Lotus plans to demolish Riverfront Stadium and build a mixed-use, high-rise tower in its place."
304. Mazzeo, Mike. "Chris Christie: No love lost for Nets", ESPN New York, April 24, 2012. Accessed June 26, 2012. "The New Jersey Nets are playing their final game in New Jersey on Monday night and leaving for Brooklyn at the end of this season, but the governor of New Jersey isn't about to get all nostalgic over it."
305. "New York Liberty Return To Madison Square Garden For 2012 Home Opener" Archived October 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Prudential Center, May 14, 2012. Accessed June 26, 2012. "The Liberty's 2012 season will mark the second of three seasons the team will call Prudential Center home court while Madison Square Garden continues a historic, top-to-bottom Transformation."
306. Fowlkes, Ben. "UFC Not the First on Network TV, but Can It Learn From Others' Mistakes?", mmafighting.com, November 9, 2011. Accessed July 9, 2015. "On May 31, 2008, EliteXC brought a live MMA event to primetime network television for the first time in American TV history. The aptly named Primetime event went down in Newark's Prudential Center, and was loaded with EliteXC's most marketable stars, including Kimbo Slice, Gina Carano, Robbie Lawler, and Phil Baroni."
307. Strunsky, Steve. "Newark airport gets upgrades for Super Bowl XLVIII", The Star-Ledger, October 11, 2013. Accessed June 13, 2016.
308. Staff. "Super Bowl XLVIII To Create Traffic Jam At Newark, Teterboro Airports; Port Authority Is Consulting With Airports In Cities That Hosted Previous Super Bowls", WCBS-TV, August 24, 2013. Accessed June 13, 2016.
309. Kell, John. "Newark Airport Gets Ready for 2014 Super Bowl", The Wall Street Journal, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 13, 2016.
310. Nix, Naomi. "Original Vince Lombardi trophy comes home to Newark", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 7, 2014. Accessed June 13, 2016. "The first-ever Vince Lombardi trophy, which was made in Newark, arrived this week at the Newark Museum."
311. Lee, Eunice. "UFC's Super Bowl weekend event moving to New Jersey in 2014", The Star-Ledger, July 6, 2013. Accessed April 7, 2015.
312. "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 10. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.
313. Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.
314. City Council City of Newark. Accessed April 7, 2015.
315. "Bingo For Charity Is Voted In Jersey; Margin Exceeds 2-1 -- Newark Approves Shift to a Mayor and Nine Councilmen", The New York Times, November 4, 1953. Accessed March 8, 2023. "In Newark, the city electorate voted to change the municipal form of government from five commissioners to a Mayor and nine Councilmen. Complete returns showed 53,739 for the charter amendment and 28,142 against. The vote means that Newark must hold a special election some time next summer to replace the five commissioners who were elected to four-year terms in May. A citizens committee on municipal government and the Newark Charter Commission had recommended the change. Five of the Councilmen will be elected from wards in the city, and the four others will be chosen at large."
316. Nix, Naomi. "Ras Baraka sworn in today as Newark's 40th mayor", The Star-Ledger, July 1, 2014. Accessed December 4, 2023. "Ras Baraka was officially sworn in today as Newark's 40th mayor".
317. Council Members, City of Newark. Accessed July 20, 2022.
318. 2022 Municipal Data Sheet, City of Newark. Accessed May 12, 2022.
319. Essex County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2022.
320. Municipal Election May 10, 2022 Official Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated May 18, 2022. Accessed July 1, 2022.
321. Newark Municipal Run-Off June 14, 2022 Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated June 22, 2022.Accessed July 1, 2022.
322. Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
323. Municipalities Sorted by 2011–2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.
324. 2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.
325. Districts by Number for 2011–2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
326. 2011 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government Archived June 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, p. 62, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.
327. New Jersey Congressional Districts 2012–2021 for Newark, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
328. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
329. Biography, Congressman Albio Sires. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Congressman Sires resides in West New York with his wife, Adrienne."
330. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
331. Biography, Congressman Donald M. Payne Jr. Accessed January 3, 2019. "U.S. Representative Donald M. Payne, Jr. is a lifelong resident of Newark, New Jersey."
332. U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
333. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/23/nyregion/george-helmy-bob-menendez-murphy.html
334. Tully, Tracey (August 23, 2024). "Menendez's Senate Replacement Has Been a Democrat for Just 5 Months". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
335. Legislative Roster for District 28, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 18, 2024.
336. Legislative Roster for District 29, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 18, 2024.
337. Essex County Executive, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
338. General Information, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020. "The County Executive, elected from the County at-large, for a four-year term, is the chief political and administrative officer of the County.... The Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected at-large. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November. There is no limit to the number of terms they may serve."
339. Robert Mercado, Commissioner, District 1, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
340. Wayne L. Richardson, Commissioner President, District 2, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
341. Tyshammie L. Cooper, Commissioner, District 3, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
342. Leonard M. Luciano, Commissioner, District 4, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
343. Carlos M. Pomares, Commissioner Vice President, District 5, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
344. Brendan W. Gill, Commissioner At-large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
345. Romaine Graham, Commissioner At-large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
346. Newark Native Elected As County Commissioner: A'Dorian Murray-Thomas, Patch. Accessed January 10, 2024.
347. Patricia Sebold, Commissioner At-large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
348. Members of the Essex County Board of County Commissioners, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
349. Breakdown of County Commissioners Districts, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
350. 2021 County Data Sheet, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2022.
351. County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2022.
352. About The Clerk, Essex County Clerk. Accessed July 20, 2020.
353. Members List: Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
354. About the Register, Essex County Register of Deeds and Mortgages. Accessed July 20, 2022.
355. Members List: Registers, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
356. Armando B. Fontura, Essex County Sheriff's Office. Accessed June 10, 2018.
357. Members List: Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
358. The Essex County Surrogate's Office, Essex County Surrogate. Accessed July 20, 2020.
359. Members List: Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
360. Voter Registration Summary – Essex, New Jersey Department of State, March 23, 2011. Accessed June 25, 2012.
361. 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State, December 23, 2008. Accessed June 25, 2012.
362. "Presidential General Election Results – November 6, 2012 – Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
363. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast – November 6, 2012 – General Election Results – Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
364. Petenko, Erin (November 11, 2016). "See How Your Town Voted in the 2016 Presidential Election". www.nj.com. Advance Media.
365. "Governor – Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
366. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast – November 5, 2013 – General Election Results – Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
367. 2009 Governor: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State, December 31, 2009. Accessed June 25, 2012.
368. Romano, Andrew. "The Swamps of Jersey – The Daily Beast", Newsweek, March 10, 2010. Accessed April 7, 2015.
369. Grutzner, Charles. "U.S. Indicts Mayor Of Newark, 9 Present Or Former Officials On $253,000 Extortion Charges; Addonizio On Bail Evasion of Tax Also Charged – Boiardo Among Accused Mayor Addonizio Is Indicted on Extortion Charge", The New York Times, December 18, 1969. Accessed August 22, 2018. "Mayor Hugh J. Addonizio and nine present or former officials of the municipal administration in Newark were indicted yesterday by a Federal grand jury with five other persons, among whom was Anthony (Tony Boy) Boiardo, a reputed member of the Mafia."
370. Brady, Thomas F. "Addonizio and 4 Convicted Of Extortion by U.S. Jury", The New York Times, July 23, 1970. Accessed November 13, 2016. "Hugh J. Addonizio, former Mayor of Newark, and four other defendants were found guilty by Federal jury tonight on 64 counts each, one of conspiracy and 63 of extortion."
371. Sullivan, Ronald. "Addonizio Given a 10-Year Term", The New York Times, September 23, 1970. Accessed November 13, 2016. "Former Mayor Hugh J. Addonizio of Newark was sentenced to 10 years in prison and fined $25,000 in Federal Court here today for conspiracy and extortion. Convicted of sharing in the proceeds of extorted kickbacks totaling $1.5 million from contractors on city water and sewer lines, Addonizio stood impassively with his head bowed as Judge George H. Barlow declared that his crimes were of 'monumental proportion' that 'tore at the very heart of our civilized society and our form of representative government.'"
372. Barbanel, Josh. "Hugh J. Addonizio, 67, Ex-Mayor Of Newark Jailed 5 Years, Dead", The New York Times, February 2, 1981. Accessed April 7, 2015. "Hugh J. Addonizio, a former Congressman and two-term Mayor of Newark who was sentenced to 10 years in Federal prison and fined $25,000 for conspiracy and extortion died early this morning at Riverview Hospital in Red Bank, N.J."
373. Narvaez, Alfonso A. "Gibson Acquitted Of A Conspiracy In 'No Show' Case", The New York Times, October 22, 1982. Accessed September 10, 2015. "Mayor Kenneth A. Gibson was found not guilty today of conspiracy in connection with charges that he had helped create a 'no show' job for a former city official. But the Superior Court jury could not reach a unanimous verdict on a charge of official misconduct."
374. Martin, John. "Judge, prosecutors clash over James' 27-month jail term", NJ.com, July 29, 2008. Accessed April 7, 2015. "Former Newark mayor Sharpe James was ordered Tuesday to serve 27 months in prison and pay a $100,000 fine for fraud and conspiracy – a sentence that capped a spectacular downfall for one of New Jersey's political titans, but one that incensed prosecutors who thought it was too light."
375. Newark, Berkeley College. Accessed June 14, 2016.
376. About, Essex County College. Accessed June 14, 2016. "The main campus is located in the heart of University Heights in Newark, New Jersey."
377. About NJIT, New Jersey Institute of Technology. Accessed June 14, 2016.
378. Rutgers Health Sciences at Newark Archived May 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences. Accessed June 14, 2016.
379. Campus Resources and Facilities, Rutgers University–Newark, Accessed June 14, 2016,
380. History, Seton Hall University School of Law, Accessed June 14, 2016.
381. Delgado, Samuel A. "Newark could be a real college town", The Star-Ledger, February 3, 2012. Accessed May 20, 2017. "With 60,000 students and faculty at six colleges and universities, Newark has the fifth-highest concentration of higher education on the East Coast, after Boston, New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.... With the recent burst in construction, Newark's universities off Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and the Central Ward are increasingly becoming residential campuses, as more students want the experience of living and studying in a big city."
382. S1501 Educational Attainment from the 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Newark city, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 24, 2019.
383. S1401 School Enrollment from the 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Newark city, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 24, 2019.
384. "Meet interim Newark superintendent Robert Gregory". Chalkbeat Newark. May 2, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
385. What We Do: History, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022. "In 1998, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in the Abbott v. Burke case that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts. According to the Court, aging, unsafe and overcrowded buildings prevented children from receiving the "thorough and efficient" education required under the New Jersey Constitution.... Full funding for approved projects was authorized for the 31 special-needs districts, known as 'Abbott Districts'."
386. What We Do, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.
387. SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.
388. District information for Newark Public School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.
389. Staff. "2010 Top High Schools", New Jersey Monthly, August 16, 2010. Accessed February 14, 2012.
390. Margolin, Josh. "Facebook CEO Zuckerberg announces $100M grant to Newark schools on Oprah Winfrey show", NJ.com Statehouse Bureau, September 24, 2010. Accessed June 13, 2016. "Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg just announced on the Oprah Winfrey show that the title of a program to pump $100 million into the Newark school system is the 'Start Up Education Foundation.'"
391. History Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Robert Treat Academy Charter School. Accessed September 13, 2011.
392. University Heights Charter School wins national award Archived March 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine LocalTalkNews.com. Accessed February 19, 2012.
393. About Us Archived March 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Gray Charter School. Accessed February 19, 2012.
394. About NCA Archived November 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Newark Collegiate Academy. Accessed February 19, 2012.
395. Essex County Catholic High Schools Archived July 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. Accessed May 20, 2017.
396. About NBCS Archived November 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Newark Boys Chorus School. Accessed November 12, 2016.
397. Annual Report 2014–2015, University Heights Charter School. Accessed June 13, 2016.
398. "District of New Jersey | U.S. Attorney Craig Carpenito Recognizes Newark Public Safety Director Anthony F. Ambrose's Significant Contributions to Cooperative Law Enforcement | United States Department of Justice". www.justice.gov. January 5, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
399. Steadman, Andrew. "Bayonne firefighters participate in mock disaster drills in Newark", The Jersey Journal, May 1, 2012. Accessed August 22, 2018. "According to the press release, the Metro USAR Strike Team is made up of nine fire departments from Bayonne, Elizabeth, Hackensack, Hoboken, Jersey City, Newark, Paterson, Morristown as well as the five-municipality North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue Agency."
400. Queally, James (January 7, 2014). "Newark to hire 100 more cops after deadliest year since 1990"". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved April 7, 2015. The department was hammered by layoffs in 2010, during a statewide budget crunch that also led to mass cutbacks in Camden and Trenton. Newark lost 167 officers that year, and only has 1,006 officers in its ranks now.
401. Queally, James. "State Troopers deployed to battle rising Newark crime as part of new initiative", The Star-Ledger, April 16, 2014. Accessed April 7, 2015.
402. Public Safety, Essex County College. Accessed November 5, 2019.
403. Department of Public Safety, New Jersey Institute of Technology. Accessed June 14, 2016.
404. Rutgers Police – Newark Division, Rutgers University Police Department. Accessed June 14, 2016.
405. "Newark police: No officer fired a single shot in 2020, thanks to de-escalation program". News 12 – New Jersey. December 30, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
406. "About Office of Emergency Management". Newark Department of Public Safety. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
407. University Hospital Emergency Medical Services Archived January 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine The University Hospital. Accessed June 26, 2012. "Ranking among the top providers in the country and representing among the busiest and most experienced units nationally, in excess of 125,000 requests for service are received annually within our coverage areas."
408. Fried, Carla. "America's safest city: Amherst, N.Y.; the most dangerous: Newark, N.J", Money, January 1, 1997, Vol. 25, Issue 13, p. 22. Accessed June 21, 2016.
409. Lueck, Thomas J. "As Newark Mayor Readies Crime Fight, Toll Rises", The New York Times, January 8, 2007. Accessed October 6, 2007. "For all of 2006, the police said, Newark had 104 homicides, far below its record of 161 in 1981, but more than in any other year since 1995."
410. Murr, Andrew; and Noonoo, Jemimah. "A Return To The Bad Old Days?", Newsweek, August 17, 2007. "Murders rose 27 percent in Newark (population 280,000) in the past two years, as killings rose from 83 in 2004 to 104 last year. So far, the pace this year is slower—61 deaths since January."^{[dead link]}
411. This link Archived November 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine contains a reference to a June 11, 2007, article in Newsday stating that "Meanwhile, homicides in Newark have jumped from 65 in 2002 to 113 last year, with nonfatal shootings also on the rise." "SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles on Camden". Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2008.
412. Newark and New York Comparative Crime Ratios per 100,000 People, area Connect. Accessed October 7, 2007.
413. Schweber, Nate. "Newark Murder Rate Dropped 30 Percent in 2008", The New York Times, January 3, 2009. Accessed February 15, 2012. "Newark recorded 67 homicides in 2008, according to the police, the fewest since 2002, when there were 65. In 2007, there were 97 homicides; in 2006, just over 100."
414. "Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2010" in Crime 2010, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Accessed July 9, 2015.
415. Queally, James. "Newark records first homicide-free month in more than 40 years", The Star-Ledger, April 1, 2010. Accessed July 9, 2015. "For the first time in more than 40 years, an entire calendar month has come and gone without a homicide in the state's largest city. It's been 32 days since a homicide took place in Newark, marking the first time there has been a slay-free calendar month in the city since 1966."
416. Queally, James. "Newark carjackings rise for 3rd straight year", The Star-Ledger, February 3, 2012. Accessed July 9, 2015. "The increases have sparked concerns among business leaders and residents that the state's largest city is once again becoming the 'car theft capital of the world,' a dubious monicker it earned in the 1990s."
417. Eustachewich, Lia. Newark Releases 2011 Crime Statistics, Newark Patch. January 26, 2012. Accessed May 3, 2012.
418. Table 4 January to December 2011–2012 Offenses Reported to Law Enforcement by State by City 100,000 and over in population, Crime 2012 • January–December 2012 Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report in the United States 2012, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Accessed December 12, 2013.
419. "Most Dangerous U.S. Cities: 6 – Newark, N.J.", CNNMoney, January 23, 2013. Accessed July 9, 2015.
420. Samaha, Albert. "Newark's 10 Day Stretch of 10 Homicides Reflects Drop in Cop Numbers" Archived December 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine The Village Voice, September 6, 2013. Accessed July 9, 2015. "And after three years, the cuts to the police budget produced a sad crescendo: In a 10 day stretch, from Monday August 26 to Wednesday September 4, there were 10 homicides in the city, as well as three more non-fatal shootings and one non-fatal stabbing."
421. Queally, James; and Gaimbusso, David. "Ten days, 10 dead: Shooting deaths plague Newark", The Star-Ledger, September 5, 2013. Accessed July 9, 2015.
422. Johnson, Anthony. "Newark murders hit triple digits", WABC-TV, December 27, 2013. Accessed July 9, 2015."Murders in Newark hit triple digits this year for the first time in seven years.... So far in 2013, there have been 102 murders. The last time the murder rate was in triple digits was in 2007 when there were 107 murders."
423. Queally, James. "N.J. homicides soared to seven-year high in 2013 after surges in Newark, Trenton", The Star-Ledger, January 1, 2014. Accessed July 9, 2015. "A Star-Ledger survey of county prosecutors' offices found at least 409 people died violently last year. More than a quarter of those killings took place in Newark, where a spate of Christmas season slayings pushed the homicide total to 111, including one in the final hours of the year. The tally is the highest since 1990."
424. NEW JERSEY Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by City, 2014, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Accessed June 13, 2016.
425. Ivers, Dan. "Declines in Newark, Camden drive N.J. homicides to 5-year low in 2014", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 1, 2015, updated January 5, 2015. "More than a third of those incidents took place in Essex County, where Newark and Irvington accounted for all but five of the county's 117 homicides. The state's largest city totaled 93 for the year – by far the highest in the state, but a sizeable reduction from the 111 it recorded last year."
426. Ivers, Dan. "Despite progress in cities, N.J. homicides jump 4 percent in 2015", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 1, 2016, updated January 14, 2016. Accessed June 13, 2016. "More than a quarter of those slayings took place in Newark, where a bloody finish to the year, which included 25 homicides over November and December, drove the city's total to 105*, according to police department statistics – an uptick of 12 over 2014."
427. Cohen, Noah; and Iati, Marisa. "Homicides dropped by 7 percent in 2017. Here's how many each county had.", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 8, 2018. Accessed June 11, 2018. "Newark saw homicides fall to a historic low this year, city officials said at a December press conference. The state's largest city saw 72 murders in 2017, a roughly 25 percent decline from the year prior."
428. Yi, Karen. "Homicides hit a low but shootings on the rise in N.J.'s largest city", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, December 14, 2017. Accessed June 11, 2018. "There were 70 homicides to date this year – about a 28 percent drop from the year prior, Mayor Ras Baraka said during a press conference on the city's year-end crime statistics at the police-fire communications center. That's 26 fewer murders than last year's 96, officials said."
429. "Newark Crime Rates Continue to Drop, But It's as Much About Perception as Reality | WNYC | New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News". WNYC. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
430. NJ.com, Sophie Nieto-Munoz | NJ Advance Media for (August 13, 2019). "Despite 5 murders in one week, officials calm anxious residents with reminder that Newark crime is at 50-year low". nj. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
431. Leyden, Liz (October 30, 2018). "In Echo of Flint, Mich., Water Crisis Now Hits Newark". The New York Times. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
432. Wernick, Adam. "Newark, NJ, has a lead contamination problem in its water". PRI. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
433. Panico, Rebecca. "Study Shows How Newark's Lead Problem Got So Bad". Tapinto. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
434. Corosanti, Nick; Kilgannon, Corey; and Schwartz, John. "Tainted Water, Ignored Warnings and a Boss With a Criminal Past; How a long line of questionable decisions led to the crisis over lead contamination in Newark.", The New York Times, August 24, 2019, updated September 23, 2019. Accessed March 1, 2020.
435. New Jersey's Long-Range Transportation Plan: Urban Supplement Report, City of Newark, New Jersey Department of Transportation, September 2008. Accessed June 13, 2016.
436. 2015 North American (ACI-NA) Top 50 airports Archived August 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Airports Council International-North America. Accessed August 12, 2016.
437. Lipton, Eric. "New York Port Hums Again, With Asian Trade", The New York Times, November 22, 2004. Accessed June 26, 2012. "Last year, $100 billion worth of wares moved through the port, up 12 percent in just a year."
438. Solarino, Audrey. "The history of the Morris Canal", Suburban Trends, May 20, 2010. Accessed June 28, 2012.
439. "Broad & Market Street, Newark – 1928 Transportation & Streetscapes" on YouTube
440. Drummond, James O. Transportation and the Shaping of the Physical Environment in an Urban Place: Newark, New York University dissertation.
441. Essex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
442. McGeehan, Patrick. "Commuters Feel Pinch as Christie Tightens", The New York Times, May 16, 2011. Accessed June 26, 2012. "Without the Port Authority money, Mr. Simpson said, New Jersey would have to spend about $30 million a year just to keep the Pulaski Skyway – a 70-year-old bridge that serves as a link between Newark Liberty International Airport and the Holland Tunnel – from falling down. Now, it will invest about $900 million over five years to 'basically rebuild the whole bridge.'"
443. On Broadway, NewarkHistory.org. Accessed June 26, 2012. "Newark's Broadway was called Belleville Avenue in the Nineteenth Century. Like Springfield Avenue, Bloomfield Avenue, and South Orange Avenue, Broadway is one of Newark's great radial streets. The name of the street, for reasons unknown to me, was changed from Belleville Ave to Broadway in the early Twentieth century."
444. Communities in any state having populations between 250000 and 999999999, Bikes at Work, backed up by the Internet Archive as of October 6, 2012. Accessed September 10, 2015.
445. "Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map". Governing. December 9, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
446. Greater Newark Bus System Study Archived July 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority. Accessed June 26, 2012. "Approximately 50 of these bus routes, operated by NJ TRANSIT and Coach USA, converge in the City of Newark, making it a critical hub for people transferring between buses, as well as between bus and rail."
447. Essex County Bus/Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 22, 2009. Accessed August 26, 2011.
448. Essex County System Map Archived July 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Transit. Accessed November 2, 2019.
449. GoBus 25 Archived September 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Transit. Accessed April 7, 2015.
450. GoBus 28 Archived March 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Transit. Accessed April 7, 2015.
451. "Means of Transportation to Work by Age". Census Reporter. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
452. About University Hospital Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, University Hospital. Accessed November 27, 2013.
453. Romano, Jay. "A Busy Weekend At Trauma Center", The New York Times, September 19, 1993. Accessed November 27, 2013. "And so began a typical weekend at the busiest trauma center in New Jersey."
454. Keller, Susan Jo. "New Jersey Daily Briefing; Hospitals Consider Partnership", The New York Times, November 6, 1995. Accessed March 11, 2012. "Newark Beth Israel, founded in 1901 and the only hospital in New Jersey that performs heart and lung transplants, has 607 beds and about 3,300 employees."
455. What Is, Columbus Hospital LTACH. Accessed August 30, 2015.
456. Heininger, Claire. "Two Newark hospitals to close under deal; Mayor Booker 'furious'", The Star-Ledger, January 10, 2008. Accessed June 21, 2016. "Two struggling Newark hospitals – Saint James and Columbus – will close their doors this spring, while the city's third Catholic hospital will receive an infusion of cash under an agreement reached tonight."
457. "Public Announcement: Closure of Mount Carmel Guild Behavior Health Hospital", Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Newark, January 31, 2010. Accessed June 21, 2016.
458. Hull, Sarah. United Hospitals Medical Center Records 1873–1996, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey University Libraries Special Collections, July 1998, backed up by the Internet Archive as of February 24, 2010. Accessed June 21, 2016.
459. Corasaniti, Nick; Kilgannon, Corey; and Schwartz, John. "Lead Crisis in Newark Grows, as Bottled Water Distribution Is Bungled; Worries about the safety of the drinking water in New Jersey's largest city have raised comparisons to Flint, Mich.", The New York Times, August 14, 2019. Accessed September 23, 2019. "Generally, he said, those pipes and fixtures begin to shed lead when there are changes in the water supply that make the water more corrosive, causing the lead to leach from the pipes."
460. Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water, United States Environmental Protection Agency. Accessed September 23, 2019.
461. Enking, Molly (August 28, 2019). "Flint, Newark, and the Persistent Crisis of Lead in Water". Wired. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
462. "Newark Water Crisis: Racing to Replace Lead Pipes in Under 3 Years". The New York Times. August 26, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
463. Yi, Karen. "Newark to release lead filter testing results Monday, as 29K families rely on bottled water", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 22, 2019. Accessed September 23, 2019.
464. Yi, Karen; and Warren, Michael Sol. "Newark says no more need for bottled water, but it's unclear why some homes fail tests", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 23, 2019. Accessed September 23, 2019. "Newark residents can go back to using 38,000 city-distributed filters to reduce lead in the water, state officials announced on Monday, citing preliminary testing that found 97% of filters were working as expected. The city, however, will continue offering free bottled water for those who remain concerned until the state launches a new $1 million program to provide door-to-door to assistance with filter installation."
465. Home Page Archived November 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Consulate-General of Ecuador. Accessed November 12, 2016.
466. Consulate General of Portugal in Newark Archived November 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros. Accessed November 12, 2016.
467. Home Page, Consulado de Colombia en newark. Accessed July 9, 2015.
468. Haddon, Heather. "Saying Arrivederci to N.J.'s Consulate", The Wall Street Journal, September 17, 2013. Accessed July 9, 2015. "The Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has decided to close its consulate in Newark, the only full-fledged office in a state renowned as the home of Italian-American pop-culture fixtures such as Frank Sinatra and The Sopranos."
469. Rose, Liza. "Planned closure of Italian consulate in Newark sparks criticism", The Star-Ledger, September 20, 2013. Accessed July 9, 2015. "The Italian consulate in Newark is slated to close in March, passing its jurisdiction over to New York. Although 13 other Italian consulates worldwide are being shuttered due to fiscal woes, the New Jersey office is the only location in the United States that is getting the boot."
470. Home Page Archived February 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Consulate of Italy in Newark. Accessed July 9, 2015. "The Consulate Of Italy In Newark, New Jersey Is Closed As Of February 28, 2014."
471. Regan, Brian. Gothic Pride: The Story of Building a Great Cathedral in Newark, p. 227. Rutgers University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780813553467. Accessed July 9, 2015. "1995 – During his visit on October 4, Pope John Paul II designates Sacred Heart a minor basilica."
472. Piazza, Jo. "Dalai Lama's Latest Peace Project: Newark", The Wall Street Journal, May 13, 2011. Accessed July 9, 2015. "The Tibetan spiritual leader has been to 62 countries on six continents in his 75 years on Earth, but until Thursday, he had never had an extended stay in Newark, save for a brief stop in 1990 to consecrate a Buddhist altar at the Newark Museum."
473. "City Search / Newark, New Jersey". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on November 19, 2022. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
474. "Thomas P. Giblin, 2014 Honorary Grand Marshal" (PDF). Queens County St. Patrick's Day Parade Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2022. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
475. Newark, New Jersey on Facebook
476. Newark Sister City Agreement with Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador. March 15, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2022 – via YouTube.
477. Sister City Agreement - City of Newark, N.J. The City of KINSHASA, CONGO. August 10, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2022 – via YouTube.
478. Sister City Agreement - City of Newark, USA with Canton Loja, Canton Olmedo, Canton Alausi, Ecuador. May 17, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2022 – via YouTube.
479. City of Newark, N.J. & The City Of Macara Loja, Ecuador, Sister City Agreement. November 8, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2022 – via YouTube.
480. City of Newark Sister City Agreement with City of Machala, Ecuador. November 8, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2022 – via YouTube.
481. "Ribeira y Newark sellaron su hermanamiento". La Voz de Galicia. June 15, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
482. Sister City agreement - Newark - NJ - USA and Quijos - Ecuador. September 14, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2022 – via YouTube.
483. Helmore, Edward (March 16, 2023). "Newark mayor signs deal with Hindu nation that does not exist". The Guardian.
484. City of Newark falls for Sister City scam: "Whose job was it to do a simple Google search?", CBS News, March 8, 2023

Further reading

• City of Newark, New Jersey (2005). Newark's land use plan including historical data (PDF). Newark, New Jersey. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Cunningham, John T. (1966). Newark. Newark, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Society.
• Galishoff, Stuart (1988). Newark: The Nation's Unhealthiest City, 1832–1895. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-1281-5.
• Rabig, Julia. The Fixers: Devolution, Development, and Civil Society in Newark, 1960–1990. (U of Chicago Press, 2016). viii, 333 pp
• Shales, Ezra (2010). Made in Newark: Cultivating Industrial Arts and Civic Identity in the Progressive Era. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rivergate Books/Rutgers University Press.
• Strummer, Helen M. (1994). No Easy Walk: Newark, 1980–1993. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
• 2005-Newark's land use plan including historical data

External links

• Official website
• Greater Newark Convention & Visitor Bureau