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Tehran province

Province of Iran From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tehran provincemap
Not to be confused with Tehran County.
For the city, see Tehran.

Tehran province (Persian: استان تهران)[a] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Tehran.[6]

Quick Facts Persian: استان تهران, Country ...
Tehran province
Persian: استان تهران
Province
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Tehran has been Iran's capital since 1778
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Counties of Tehran province
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Location of Tehran province within Iran
Coordinates: 35°32′N 51°31′E[1]
CountryIran
RegionRegion 1[2]
CapitalTehran
Counties16
Government
 • Governor-generalMohammad-Sadegh Motamedian (Independent)
Area
 • Total
18,814 km2 (7,264 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total
13,267,637
 • Estimate 
(2020)
13,973,000[4]
 • Density710/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code021
ISO 3166 codeIR-23
Main language(s)Persian
HDI (2018)0.834[5]
very high · 1st
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Tehran province covers an area of 18,814 square kilometres (7,264 sq mi) and is located to the north of the central plateau of Iran. It was made a part of the First Region with its secretariat located in Tehran, upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.[2]

The province of Tehran has over 12 million inhabitants and is Iran's most densely populated region. Approximately 86.5 percent reside in urban areas and 13.5 percent in rural areas of the province.[7]

History

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The Achaemenid collection of the National Museum of Iran in Tehran

Tehran province has several archeological sites indicating settlements dating back several thousand years. Until 300 years ago, Rey was the most prominent of the cities of the province. However, the city of Tehran rose to become the largest city and capital of Iran by 1778, and since then has been the political, cultural, economic, and commercial nucleus of Iran.

Tehran has over 1,500 historical sites of cultural significance registered with the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran. The oldest of these in Tehran Province is the remains of two sites in Firuzkuh County that date back to the fourth millennium BCE.

After the 2006 census, Karaj, Nazarabad, and Savojbolagh Counties were separated from the province in the establishment of Alborz province.[8]

Demographics

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Ethnicity

Persians

The majority of people living in Tehran province are ethnically Persian, and Tehran is the largest Persian-speaking city in the world.[9][10]

Azerbaijanis

Azerbaijanis are one of the Iranian ethnic groups living in Tehran province, who also form the largest group of immigrants in Tehran province. Azeris in Tehran speak the Azeri and Persian languages.[11][12][13][14][15]

Mazanderanis

Mazanderanis are the third largest tribe of Tehran province, who mostly migrated to Tehran from the cities of Babol, Sari, Amol, Qaem Shahr and Savadkuh. In addition to Tehran city, Mazanderani language is also spoken in Firuzkuh, Damavand and Shemiranat cities.[16][17]

Kurds

Many Kurds have migrated to Tehran province in recent years to continue their studies or to find jobs. Also, the people of Sarbandan, Jaban, Sorkheh Deh and Khosrovan districts of Damavand county in the east of Tehran province speak Kurmanji Kurdish language. The people of these areas are Kurmanji Kurds who moved to this area from Khorasan during the Qajar period. Simultaneously with the migration of Kurmanji tribes from Khorasan to Damavand, another group of Kurds from Khorasan migrated from Chenaran to Piranshahr, one of the cities of Kurdistan south of Lake Urmia.[18][19][20][21]

Lurs

Many Lurs migrate to Tehran province every year, and in this way, Tehran has a minority of Lurs. Also, Hadavand clan is one of the oldest and largest clans of Tehran province, which moved to Tehran province during the time of Karim Khan Zand.[22][23][24]

Gilaks

A population of Gilaks also live in Tehran and speak the Gilaki and Persian languages.

Armenians

A population of Armenians mainly lives in the eastern areas of Tehran.[25][26][27][28]

Citizens of other countries

A population of Iraqi nationals who are of Iranian origin that live in Dolat Abad area of Tehran.

The unstable situation and the war in neighbouring Afghanistan and Iraq prompted a rush of refugees into the country who arrived in their millions, with Tehran being a magnet for much seeking work, who subsequently helped the city to recover from war wounds, working for far less pay than local construction workers. Many of these refugees are being repatriated with the assistance of the UNHCR, but there are still sizable groups of Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Tehran who are reluctant to leave, being pessimistic about the situation in their own countries. Afghan refugees are mostly Dari-speaking Tajik, Parsiwans and Hazara, speaking a variety of Persian, and Iraqi refugees are mainly Mesopotamian Arabic-speakers who are often of Iranian and Persian ethnic heritage.[29][30][31][32][33]

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 13,281,858 in 3,729,010 households.[34] The following census in 2011 counted 12,183,391 people in 3,731,480 households.[35] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 13,267,637 in 4,288,563 households.[3]

Administrative divisions

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The population history and structural changes of Tehran province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

More information Counties ...
Tehran Province
Counties2006[34]2011[35]2016[3]
Baharestan[b]—523,636536,329
Damavand96,860100,690125,480
Eslamshahr447,192485,688548,620
Firuzkuh37,41638,71233,558
Karaj[c]1,709,481——
Malard[d]—373,994377,292
Nazarabad[c]128,666——
Pakdasht240,841291,397350,966
Pardis[e]——169,060
Pishva[f]—75,45486,601
Qarchak[g]——269,138
Qods[d]—290,663316,636
Ray292,016319,305349,700
Robat Karim608,530195,917291,516
Savojbolagh[c]215,086——
Shahriar1,044,707624,440744,210
Shemiranat37,77844,06147,279
Tehran7,882,8438,293,1408,737,510
Varamin540,442526,294283,742
Total13,281,85812,183,39113,267,637
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Cities

See also: List of cities in Tehran Province by population

According to the 2016 census, 12,452,230 people (nearly 94% of the population of Tehran province) live in the following cities:[3]

More information City, Population ...
CityPopulation
Abali2,758
Absard10,648
Ahmadabad-e Mostowfi14,077
Andisheh116,062
Arjomand1,124
Baghestan83,934
Baqershahr65,388
Bumahen79,034
Chahardangeh49,950
Damavand48,380
Eslamshahr448,129
Fasham6,945
Ferdowsieh34,221
Ferunabad21,682
Firuzkuh17,453
Golestan239,556
Hasanabad43,922
Javadabad4,844
Kahrizak37,527
Kilan2,882
Lavasan18,146
Malard281,027
Nasimshahr200,393
Nasirshahr28,644
Pakdasht236,319
Parand97,464
Pardis73,363
Pishva59,184
Qarchak231,075
Qods309,605
Robat Karim105,393
Rudehen28,533
Sabashahr53,971
Safadasht32,476
Salehabad58,683
Shahedshahr25,544
Shahriar309,607
Sharifabad18,281
Shemshak3,423
Tehran8,693,706
Vahidieh33,249
Varamin225,628
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The following table shows the ten largest cities of Tehran province:[3]

More information Rank, Name ...
Rank Name County 2016
1 Tehran Tehran 8,693,706
2 Eslamshahr Eslamshahr 448,129
3 Shahriar Shahriar 309,607
4 Qods Qods 309,605
5 Malard Malard 281,027
6 Golestan Baharestan 239,556
7 Pakdasht Pakdasht 236,319
8 Qarchak Qarchak 231,075
9 Varamin Varamin 225,628
10 Nasimshahr Baharestan 200,393
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Geography

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Tehran province borders Mazandaran Province in the north, Qom Province in the south, Semnan Province in the east, Alborz Province in the west and Markazi Province in the southwest. The metropolis of Tehran is the capital city of the province and of Iran.

Tehran province is the richest in Iran, as it contributes approximately 29% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Furthermore, it houses approximately 18% of the country's population and is the most industrialized province in Iran, with nearly 94% of its residents living in the cities as of 2016.

The province gained importance when Tehran was proclaimed the capital by the Qajar dynasty in 1778. Today, Tehran, with a population of 8 million, is ranked amongst the 40 most populous metropolitan cities of the world.

The largest rivers of this province are Karaj River and Jajrood River.

Mountain ranges such as The Alborz span the north; Savad Kooh and Firooz Kooh are located in the northeast; Lavasanat, Qarah Daq, Shemiranat, Hassan Abad and Namak Mountains are in the southern areas; Bibi Shahr Banoo and Alqadr are situated in the southeast and the heights of Qasr-e-Firoozeh been located to the east of the province.

Environmentally, the climate of Tehran province is stable and has four seasons, in winter its experiences cold and snowy conditions, in spring and autumn it experiences generally mild conditions with ample rain, and in summer it experiences warm to hot conditions, and is generally dry. In the mountains, however, it is cold and semi-humid all year round, and the higher regions are colder with long winters. The hottest months of the year are from mid-July to mid-September when temperatures range from 28 °C (82 °F) to 30 °C (86 °F) and the coldest months experience 1 °C (34 °F) around January–February, but at certain times in winter it can reach −20 °C (−4 °F). Tehran city has cold winters and warm to hot summers. Average annual rainfall is approximately 200 millimetres (7.9 in), the maximum being during the winter season mostly in the form of snow. On the whole, the province has a cold semi-arid, steppe climate in the south and an alpine climate in the north.

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Tehran Province map

Tehran province today

Tehran is the commercial heart of Iran. Tehran Province has over 17,000 industrial units employing 390,000 people, 26% of all units in Iran. The province contains 30% of Iran's economy, and comprises 40% of Iran's consumer market. The province has three hydro dams namely Latiyan, Lar, and Amir Kabir as well as two natural lakes, providing the water supply of Tehran and the province.[citation needed]

The province contains 170 mines, over 330 square kilometres of forests, and over 12800 square kilometres of pasture.[citation needed]

Generally speaking, year round, regions such as the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains, especially in the mountains, valleys, and rivers and artificial lakes formed behind the great dams of Amir Kabir, Latiyan and Lar along with natural lakes of Jaban and Tarr provide considerable recreation for the province.

Moreover, due to excessive snowfall in the northern areas of the province during the winter season, the Alborz mountains form an excellent environment for winter sports such as skiing. Dizin, Shemshak, and Tochal are the most popular skiing resorts.

Anthropology

Tehran Province is the most populous province of Iran.[41][42] The population density in this province is 969 people per square kilometer.[43] During a research that was commissioned by the General Culture Council in 2009 and based on a field survey and a statistical community among the residents of 288 cities and about 1400 villages across the country, the percentage of ethnic groups that were sampled in this survey in this province was as follows. Persians was 56.9%, Azari 56.9%, Northern (Mazani, Gilak and Talish) 30.3%, Kurdish 5.5%, Lurs 2.8%, Baloch 2.1%.[44][45][46][47][48][9][49]

Transportation

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See also: Transport in Iran

Road transport

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Freeways (in blue) and main roads (in green) in Tehran province

Tehran province is served by a large freeway and expressway network:

Rail network

National Rail Network

The city of Tehran is connected to the North, South, West and East with the railway. It has weekly trains for Istanbul. Tehran is the headquarters of RAJA (Iran national railway). There may be plans to build high speed railway lines from Tehran to Mashhad and Isfahan.

Tehran Metro

Main article: Tehran Metro
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Hassan Abad Sq. Metro station

Tehran is served by a system of metro of three urban lines (1, 2, 4) and one suburban line (5) serving Karaj and Tehran western suburbs. There are plans to extend the system to eight urban lines and express express suburban lines.

Airports

Tehran province has two main passenger airports:

It also has a number of air force bases.

Parks, recreation and other attractions

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A view of Tehran and Alborz Mountains
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The Niavaran Public Library is nestled snugly within the Niavaran city park.
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View of Mount Damavand (itself located in Mazandaran province) as seen from the Dizin ski resort.
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Milad tower

Religious centers

Mosques, shrines, mausoleums, and tombs

Churches

Higher education

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Sharif University of Technology main campus

Tehran province's major universities are:

See also

Media related to Tehran Province at Wikimedia Commons

Notes

  1. Also romanized as Ostān-e Tehrān
  2. Separated from Robat Karim County after the 2006 census[36]
  3. Transferred to Alborz province after the 2006 census[8]
  4. Separated from Shahriar County after the 2006 census[37]
  5. Separated from Tehran County after the 2011 census[38]
  6. Separated from Varamin County after the 2006 census[39]
  7. Separated from Varamin County after the 2011 census[40]

References

Bibliography

External links

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